Darko Ratkaj EBU Technical ratkaj@ebu.

ch

80+ active members from 56 countries 45 associate members around the world 470+ TV channels and 900+ radio channels 195 million TV households and 600+ million viewers every week

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 Public service broadcasting Terrestrial broadcasting Future prospects of digital terrestrial TV The digital dividend Terrestrial broadcasting vs. mobile broadband Discussion

Public Service Broadcasting

Public service broadcasting uses money to make programmes and provide public services, and not the other way around!

Why public service broadcasting?

Media has a strong influence on the society. This can bring significant benefits to the whole society. Market economy alone, left to itself, does not produce as much benefits as it could. This is called market failure. Regulation is used to correct the market failure. Public service remit is defined through the regulatory obligations.

 Content obligations * information, education, entertainment, culture and identity, language, cultural diversity, social inclusion, citizenship, public sphere Editorial and economic independence from political and commercial interests Maximum availability with minimum costs for the viewers and listeners: Coverage obligations: free-to-air, universal coverage Reliable delivery through all relevant distribution platforms - no charges for terrestrial spectrum, must carry on cable, no gate keeping, net neutrality Competition between different distribution platforms

About terrestrial broadcasting

EBU Recommendation R 131

Terrestrial Broadcasting in Europe

tech.ebu.ch

Availability Free to air Flexibility Efficiency Quality of service Market success Development

No other delivery platform combines all these features to the same degree as the digital terrestrial TV. DTT is the key platform to deliver the public value in Europe. Any future replacement must provide the same benefits.

 Availability near-universal coverage (98+ % of the population) most of the households equipped to receive terrestrially most of the TV receivers come with a DTT tuner Free-to-air no additional charges for the viewers no gate keeping Flexibility any reception mode (fixed, portable, mobile) coverage can be adjusted as needed (national, regional, local) various business models (free-to-air, pay-TV) flexible use of the available capacity in a multiplex supports a range of services Cost efficient total delivery costs (for broadcasters) for all FTA channels in the order of a few / month per household

 The fastest growing broadcasting platform estimated 700 millions of DVB receivers in use (end of 2011) this does not include DVB-T2 receivers growth by 100 mil / year Programme offer in Europe (June 2011) 1800 channels in the EU27+ Croatia and Turkey 820 national channels (compared to 500 in April 2009) 54% of the channels are local 47% of the channels are free-to-air, 53% pay-TV HDTV available on DTT in 13 countries 60% FTA channels are private, 40% public (92% of pay-TV are private)

EU27 + Croatia and Turkey No. TV channels

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Jan.2009 Jul.2009 Jan.2010 Jul.2010 Jan.2011 Jul.2011

Source: Mavise TV database (www.obs.coe.int/about/oea/pr/mavise_juin2011.html)

 The fastest growing broadcasting platform estimated 700 millions of DVB receivers in use (end of 2011) this does not include DVB-T2 receivers growth by 100 mil / year Programme offer in Europe (June 2011) 1800 channels in the EU27+ Croatia and Turkey 820 national channels (compared to 500 in April 2009) 54% of the channels are local 47% of the channels are free-to-air, 53% pay-TV HDTV available on DTT in 13 countries 60% FTA channels are private, 40% public (92% of pay-TV are private) Viewing viewing time of linear TV is about 4 hours/day and increasing time shifted and on-demand viewing is increasingly popular TV is the most popular singe platform for audiovisual content the social aspect of TV reaffirmed through new social media

DTT: Analogue:

30% 23%

Source: Eurobarometer, July 2011

Future prospects of digital terrestrial TV

 Switch-over from analogue to digital TV analogue switch-off completed in 17 European countries additional 11 countries announced the switch-off date Interference from the mobile systems in the 800 MHz band (and below) from white space devices from Power Line Telecommunication (PLT) systems Continuous development increase in capacity, flexibility (MPEG-4, DVB-T2) evolution of linear services (all-HD, mobile TV, 3D-TV) non-linear services (time-shifted, on-demand, personalized) hybrid broadcast-broadband (HBB) solutions, multi-screen Regulation preserve sufficient amount of spectrum for the future protect the public value of DTT

tech.ebu.ch

1. Linear broadcasting services are here to stay.

DTT will remain important in the foreseeable future technology and service development must continue sufficient spectrum and adequate regulation are essential Question: How to deliver linear TV to personal user devices (smartphones, media tablets and personal computers)?

2. Non-linear services will continue to grow

hybrid broadcast / broadband approach is the way to go Question: How to leverage on the strengths of DTT in a hybrid world?

3. Mobile and portable reception will be increasingly important

Question: How to ensure that radio and TV are retained in the future mobile multimedia service offering?

4. Innovative ways for indoor distribution are needed

broadcasters cannot do it alone Question: Who are potential partners and how to engage them?

The Digital Dividend

 Increased technical quality (SDTV, HDTV) New kinds of services (mobile, data, hybrid, multi-screen, 3DTV ...) Convergence in the all-digital environment Multi-fold increase in transmission capacity Reduction of costs Increased flexibility Scope for development Spectrum opportunities more intense use of the spectrum for DTT some spectrum to be released (e.g. 800 MHz band for mobile) sharing with other users (e.g. white space devices)

Because it is complex many stakeholders (broadcasting, mobile services, PMSE, WSD, PPDR, regulators, policy makers, the public) interrelated aspects (technical, economic, regulatory, social, cultural) There are conflicting forces at play economic benefits vs. social value cultural policy vs. industrial policy European harmonisation vs. specific national situation commercial interest vs. public service many decision makers (national administrations, EC, CEPT, ITU ...) incumbents vs. new users - reluctance to share the spectrum long term vs. short term The stakes are high future of terrestrial broadcasting provision of rural broadband mobile business developments

Outcome of the 800 MHz band auctions

/ MHz / capita

24 49 per capita

What drives the market value of the UHF spectrum? How much is the 700 MHz band worth?

2006
21 30 40

Broadcasting
50 60 69

470 MHz

862 MHz

2007
21 30

Broadcasting
40 50

60 61

X
790 MHz
48 50 60 61

BC + Mobile
69

470 MHz

862 MHz

2012
21 30

40

Broadcasting

BC + Mobile

BC + Mobile
69

470 MHz

694 MHz

790 MHz

862 MHz

2015
21 30 40

BC + Mobile
50

60 61

BC + Mobile
69

470 MHz

790 MHz

862 MHz

How important is DTT in your country? penetration how many households are receiving terrestrially market potential how much content is needed for a viable DTT Public value of DTT is there awareness amongst decision makers how is the pubic value protected and promoted National audiovisual media policy is there a commitment to public service broadcasting which infrastructure will support the public policy objectives what is the development roadmap for this infrastructure Are there any alternatives to DTT can they deliver the same benefits when will they be available at what costs how to migrate the audiences

Terrestrial broadcasting vs. wireless broadband

Terrestrial TV

Wireless broadband bi-directional designed for mobile reception potentially unlimited choice of services well suited to serve small audiences growing population of user equipment IP-based

universal coverage any reception mode guaranteed, predictable quality cost-efficient delivery to large audiences (independent of the number of simultaneous users) every user has access to the total capacity of the network one-way, no return channel the offer is limited by the platform capacity (no niche channels) limited delivery to mobile devices no access to IP-only devices

limited coverage (with sufficient quality) only best effort QoS high costs, depending on the number of users; not suitable for large audiences total capacity is shared between users

Terrestrial TV and wireless broadband are complementary!

 Mobile broadband alone cannot satisfy the users demand for mobile media services because of the capacity constraints difficulties to consistently meet high quality requirements incomplete coverage (for the required QoS) high costs DTT networks are optimal for linear delivery they provide required coverage and sufficient quality distribution costs are low but alone, they are of little use for on-demand services DTT and mobile broadband are complementary only by combining their strengths will content providers be able to offer the full range of linear and non-linear services this will also help to relieve the strain from the mobile networks LTE (downlink) and DVB-T2 are similar technologies

Discussion

1. Digital dividend spectrum is a public good How can the public value be preserved in the process? 2. The users care about content, not technology How to meet their future expectations in terms of choice and quality? for all services, both linear and on-demand on all devices (large screens, smartphones, tablets) in all conditions (stationary, mobile, multi-screen) 3. Terrestrial broadcasting and mobile broadband are complementary Given that neither platform alone can satisfy the whole user demand, what could be viable models of cooperation between them? in delivering the full range of media services in using the spectrum efficiently

E-mail: ratkaj@ebu.ch Web: tech.ebu.ch