Chiller Vibration Report

Jobsite: Honeywell Location: Richmond VA.

Unit Tested

Trane Rotary Chiller Tag# RG25A MN RTHD SN U04M08872

Prepared

January 23, 2008

Pro-Vibe Chiller Report

Jobsite: Honeywell Location: Richmond, VA.
Report Date: January 23, 2008 Chiller Type: Centrifugal Operating RPM: 3585 Run Hours: NA # Starts: NA Load: NA%

Chiller Condition: The vibration levels on this chiller at motor speed are well within manufacturers specs. Less than .3 in/sec velocity noted on present chiller motor readings. The present levels are less than .15 in/sec velocity. The compressor readings show low acceleration levels and the waveforms and demodulated readings show normal content and amplitude. No significant issues noted on these chiller vibration readings. The motor current readings also show no faults or concerns. Recommendation: Continue data collection on a scheduled basis to monitor for any changes vibration amplitude or content on this unit.
Status:

OK OK

Extttreme::: Chiiillllerr sshoullld nottt be operrattted;;; one orr morre ssiigniiifiiicanttt ffaullltts werre nottted iiin viiibrratttiion Ex rreme Ch lle r sh ou d no be opera e d one or more sig n ff c an fa u tss were no e d n v b ra io n Ex eme Ch e hou d no be ope a ed one o mo e gn can au we e no ed n v b a on rreadiiingss.. re ad n gs. ead ng Serriiouss:: Chiiillllerr hass ssiigniiifiiicanttt enerrgy ttthattt appearrs ttto have ffaullltts ttthattt arre contttiinuiiing ttto iiincrreasse... Take Serio us: Ch lle r has sig n ff c an energ y h a appearss o have fa u tss h a are con in u n g o n cre ase Take Se ou Ch e ha gn can ene gy ha appea o have au ha a e con nu ng o nc ea e Take rreadiiingss morre offtten sso ffaullltts lllevellls can be moniiittorred clllossellly... re ad n gs more ofte n so fa u tss e ve ss can be mon to re d c o se y ead ng mo e o en o au eve can be mon o ed c o e y Moderrattte::: Chiiillllerr hass lllevellls ttthattt arre hiiigh enough ttthattt addiiittiionalll rreadiiingss sshoullld be colllllecttted ttto Modera e Ch lle r has e ve ss h a are h g h enough h a add tio na re ad n gs sh ou d be co le c e d o Mode a e Ch e ha eve ha a e h gh enough ha add ona ead ng hou d be co ec ed o underrstttand ttthe nattturre off ttthe prressenttt lllevellls... underss a nd h e na u re of h e pre se n e ve ss unde and he na u e o he p e en eve Sllliighttt:: Chiiillllerr hass ssome miiinorr iiindiiicatttiionss off rraiiised lllevellls... Contttiinue ttto moniiittorr fforr changess iiin contttenttt S ig h : Ch lle r has so me m n or n d c a io ns of ra ssed e ve ss Con in ue o mon to r fo r changes n con e n S gh Ch e ha ome m no nd ca on o a ed eve Con nue o mon o o change n con en and ampllliittude... and amp itu de and amp ude OK::: Chiiillllerr hass no ffaullltts... Contttiinue ttto moniiittorr fforr changess iiin contttenttt and ampllliittude... OK Ch lle r has no fa u tss Con in ue o mon to r fo r changes n con e n and amp itu de OK Ch e ha no au Con nue o mon o o change n con en and amp ude

R G 2 5 A - M o to r O u tb o a r d
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1F / S N ; U 04M 08872 / 70% LO A D E D / 4688 S TA R TS / 20975 H R S . C u rs o r A : 59.625 H z 1 . 0 1 1 o rd e rs 0 . 1 3 7 in / s O / A ll 0 . 1 5 8 in / s 0 - p k

0 .1
H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:07:30 A M O / A l l 0 . 0 7 in / s 0 - p k

3540 R PM

0 .1
A x ia l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:08:25 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 9 7 in / s 0 - p k

0 0 .1 4 0 .1 2 0 .1 in/s 0-pk 0 .0 8 0 .0 6 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Hz 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

3540 R PM

V e r ti c a l Vel F req 300 H z 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 0 6 : 3 6 AM O / Al l 0 . 1 5 8 i n / s 0 - p k 3540 R PM

300

Low range 1xrpm level on this chiller motor with just over .15 in/sec velocity!
R G 2 5 A - M o to r O u tb o a r d
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1F / S N ; U 04M 08872 / 70% LO A D E D / 4688 S TA R TS / 20975 H R S . C u rs o r A : 300 H z 5 . 0 8 5 o rd e rs 0 . 0 6 in / s O / A ll 0 . 1 0 4 in / s 0 - p k

0 .1
H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:07:21 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 8 8 in / s 0 - p k

3540 R PM

0 .1
Ax i a l Vel F req 3000 H z 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 0 8 : 1 5 AM O / Al l 0 . 1 0 4 i n / s 0 - p k

0 0 .1 5

3540 R PM

in/s 0-pk

0 .1
V e r t ic a l

0 .0 5

V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:06:26 A M O / A ll 0 . 1 6 2 in / s 0 - p k

0 0 200 400 600 800

3540 R PM

1 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 Hz

Mid range 1xrpm level on this chiller motor with just over .065 in/sec velocity!

R G 2 5 A - M o to r O u tb o a r d
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1F / S N ; U 04M 08872 / 70% LO A D E D / 4688 S TA R TS / 20975 H R S . O / A ll 0 . 7 4 5 g r m s

0 .2
H o r i z o n ta l Ac c F r e q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 0 7 : 1 3 AM O / Al l 0 . 7 4 5 g r m s

3540 R PM

0 .2
A x ia l A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:08:07 A M O / A ll 0 . 5 4 5 g r m s

0 0 .3

3540 R PM

0 .2 g rms
V e r t ic a l

0 .1

A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:06:22 A M O / A ll 0 . 7 1 8 g r m s

0 0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 Hz 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0

3540 R PM

2 0 ,0 0 0

Low acceleration levels noted on this chiller motor!

R G 2 5 A - M o to r O u tb o a r d
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1F / S N ; U 04M 08872 / 70% LO A D E D / 4688 S TA R TS / 20975 H R S . C u rs o r A : 120 H z 2 . 0 3 4 o rd e rs 0.283 g O / A ll 0 . 3 8 1 g r m s

0 .2
H o r iz o n t a l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:07:09 A M O / A ll 0 . 2 8 7 g r m s

3540 R PM

0 .2
A x ia l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:08:03 A M O / A ll 0 . 1 8 1 g r m s

0 0 .3

3540 R PM

0 .2 g rms
V e r ti c a l

0 .1

D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z ) 1 0 0 0 H z 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 0 6 : 1 4 AM O / Al l 0 . 3 8 1 g r m s

0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Hz 600 700 800 900

3540 R PM

1 ,0 0 0

Motor hum is only spike noted on the motor readings!

R G 2 5 A - M o to r O u tb o a r d
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . O / A ll 0 . 7 5 3 g r m s

1
H o r i z o n ta l Ac c T i m e 8 0 m s 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 0 7 : 1 7 AM O / Al l 0 . 7 5 3 g r m s 3540 R PM

-2

1
A x ia l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:08:11 A M O / A ll 0 . 5 3 7 g r m s 3540 R PM

-2

2 1 g 0 -1 -2 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 rev s 3 3 .5 4 4 .5
V e r t ic a l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:06:18 A M O / A ll 0 . 7 2 2 g r m s 3540 R PM

Nominal waveform amplitudes noted on this chiller motor!

RG25A
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . C u rs o r A : 59.625 H z 1 . 0 1 1 o rd e rs F em ale D isch arg e Ax i a l 0 . 0 8 3 in / s Vel F req 300 H z O / A ll 0 . 1 0 2 in / s 0 - p k 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 1 4 : 1 0 AM O / Al l 0 . 1 0 2 i n / s 0 - p k F 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e 3 e m le M H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:13:29 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 3 5 in / s 0 - p k F 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e 3 e m le M V e r t ic a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:12:46 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 3 8 in / s 0 - p k F 5 4 0 a R PS u c t i o n 3 e m le M H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:11:57 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 4 2 in / s 0 - p k M5 4 0 D is c h a r g e 3 a le R P M H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:10:28 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 2 5 in / s 0 - p k M5 4 e S u cMi o n 3 al0 R P t H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:09:33 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 3 1 in / s 0 - p k

0 .0 5

0 0 .0 5

0 0 .0 5

0 0 .0 5

0 0 .0 5

0 in/s 0-pk 0 .0 5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Hz 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

3540 R PM

300

Noted 1xrpm of the motor speed is less than .10 in/sec velocity!

RG25A
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . C u rs o r A : 300 H z 5 . 0 8 5 o rd e rs F em ale D isch arg e Ax i a l 0 . 0 4 3 in / s Vel F req 3000 H z O / A ll 0 . 1 0 5 in / s 0 - p k 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 1 4 : 0 0 AM O / Al l 0 . 1 0 5 i n / s 0 - p k F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:13:19 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 5 1 in / s 0 - p k F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e V e r t ic a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:12:37 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 5 in / s 0 - p k F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PS u c t i o n H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:11:48 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 6 2 in / s 0 - p k M a le R P M 3 5 4 0 D is c h a r g e H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:10:18 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 5 2 in / s 0 - p k Mal0 R P t 3 5 4 e S u cMi o n H o r iz o n t a l V e l F re q 3 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:09:24 A M O / A ll 0 . 0 5 in / s 0 - p k

0 .0 5

0 .0 5

0 .0 5

0 .0 5

0 .0 5

0 in/s 0-pk

0 .0 5

0 0 200 400 600 800

3540 R PM

1 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 Hz

Only noted spike appears to be at motor speed and it is less than .1 in/sec velocity!
RG25A
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . O / A ll 0 . 5 8 3 g r m s F em ale D isch arg e Ax i a l Ac c F r e q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 1 3 : 5 2 AM O / Al l 0 . 5 8 3 g r m s F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e H o r iz o n t a l A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:13:11 A M O / A ll 0 . 4 5 9 g r m s F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e V e r t ic a l A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:12:29 A M O / A ll 0 . 4 6 9 g r m s F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PS u c t i o n H o r iz o n t a l A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:11:44 A M O / A ll 0 . 6 7 2 g r m s M a le R P M 3 5 4 0 D is c h a r g e H o r iz o n t a l A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:10:10 A M O / A ll 0 . 4 3 9 g r m s M5 4 e S u cMi o n 3 al0 R P t H o r iz o n t a l A c c F re q 2 0 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:09:20 A M O / A ll 0 . 6 0 4 g r m s

0 0 .2 g rms

0 0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 Hz 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0

3540 R PM

2 0 ,0 0 0

Nominal acceleration amplitude noted on this compressor.

RG25A
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . C u rs o r A : 120 H z 2 . 0 3 4 o rd e rs F em ale D isch arg e Ax i a l 0.044 g D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z ) 1 0 0 0 H z O / A ll 0 . 1 6 2 g r m s 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 1 3 : 4 8 AM O / Al l 0 . 1 6 2 g r m s F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PD is c h a r g e H o r iz o n t a l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:13:07 A M

0 .0 2 0

0 .0 2 0
O / A ll 0 . 0 9 2 g r m s F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PD is c h a r g e V e r t ic a l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:12:25 A M

0 .0 2 0
O / A ll 0 . 1 0 1 g r m s F e m le M 3 5 4 0 a R PS u c t i o n H o r iz o n t a l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:11:36 A M

0 .0 2 0
O / A ll 0 . 1 8 6 g r m s M a le R P c 3 5 4 0 D is Mh a r g e H o r iz o n t a l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:10:06 A M

0 .0 2 0 0 .0 4 g rms 0 .0 2
O / A ll 0 . 1 3 3 g r m s O / A ll 0 . 0 8 4 g r m s M a le R P t 3 5 4 0 S u cMio n H o r iz o n t a l D e m o d (2 -1 0 k H z) 1 0 0 0 H z 1/14/2008 9:09:12 A M

0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Hz 600 700 800 900

3540 R PM

1 ,0 0 0

Some compressor locations only show the motor hum in the demodulated readings, which usually indicates no problems!
RG25A
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . O / A ll 0 . 5 4 9 g r m s F em ale D isch arg e Ax i a l Ac c T i m e 8 0 m s 1 / 1 4 / 2 0 0 8 9 : 1 3 : 5 6 AM

0 -2
O / Al l 0 . 5 4 9 g r m s F 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e 3 e m le M H o r iz o n t a l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:13:15 A M

0 -2
O / A ll 0 . 4 2 6 g r m s F 5 4 0 a R PD i s c h a r g e 3 e m le M V e r t ic a l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:12:33 A M

0 -2
O / A ll 0 . 4 7 7 g r m s F 5 4 0 a R PS u c t i o n 3 e m le M H o r iz o n t a l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:11:40 A M

0 -2
O / A ll 0 . 8 1 6 g r m s M5 4 0 D is c h a r g e 3 a le R P M H o r iz o n t a l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:10:14 A M

0 -2 2 g 0
O / A ll 0 . 6 0 4 g r m s O / A ll 0 . 4 6 2 g r m s Mal0 R P t 3 5 4 e S u cMi o n H o r iz o n t a l A c c T im e 8 0 m s 1/14/2008 9:09:16 A M

-2 0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 rev s 3 3 .5 4 4 .5

3540 R PM

Nominal waveform content noted on this compressor readings!

R G 2 5 A - M o to r C u r r e n t - M o to r C u r r e n t - A c c F r e q 1 0 0 H z 7 /1 3 /2 0 0 6 1 1 :5 7 :3 4 A M
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . C u rs o r A : C u rs o r B : D if f : 60 H z 60.938 H z 0.938 H z 1 . 0 1 7 o rd e rs 1 . 0 3 3 o rd e rs 0 . 0 1 6 o rd e rs 142.555 adB U S 89.695 adB U S -5 2 . 8 6 a d B U S O / A ll 1 5 . 5 1 4 g r m s

140

130

120 adB US

110

100

90
7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 1 : 5 7 : 3 4 AM O / Al l 1 5 . 5 1 4 g r m s 3540 R PM

50

52

54

56

58

60 Hz

62

64

66

68

70

No rotor bar issues noted on this reading!

R G 2 5 A - M o to r C u r r e n t - M o to r C u r r e n t - A c c F r e q 5 0 0 0 H z 7 /1 3 /2 0 0 6 1 1 :5 7 :0 0 A M
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . C u rs o r A : 300 H z 5 . 0 2 1 o rd e rs 0.512 g O / A ll 0 . 6 2 8 g r m s

0 .5

0 .4

0 .3 g rms 0 .2 0 .1

7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 1 : 5 7 : 0 0 AM

0 500 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 Hz 3 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 0 0

O / Al l 0 . 6 2 8 g r m s 3585 R PM

5 ,0 0 0

Nominal harmonic content noted on this motor current reading!

R G 2 5 A - M o to r C u r r e n t - M o to r C u r r e n t - A c c T i m e 3 2 0 m s 7 /1 3 /2 0 0 6 1 1 :5 7 :0 5 A M
M a c h i n e N o te (7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 :2 8 :0 6 P M ) R TH D U C 1 F / S N ; U 04 M 08 8 72 / 7 0 % LO A D E D / 46 88 S TA R TS / 2 09 75 H R S . O / A ll 1 . 6 0 9 g r m s

-1

-2

7 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 6 1 1 : 5 7 : 0 5 AM O / Al l 1 . 6 0 9 g r m s 3540 R PM

10 rev s

12

14

16

18

Normal motor current waveform noted! Low frequency drift noted in reading!

Vibration Terms A
Acceleration A vector quantity that specifies the time derivative of velocity. Ambient vibration The all-encompassing vibration associated with a given environment, usually a composite of vibration from many sources, far and near. Amplitude The maximum value of a sinusoidal quantity. Antinode A point, line or surface in a standing wave where some characteristic of the wave field has a maximum amplitude. Amplitude distortion Of a transducer. Distortion that occurs when the ratio of the output of the transducer to its input at a given frequency varies with the input amplitude. Accelerometer A pickup that converts an input acceleration to an output (usually electrical) that is proportional to the input acceleration.

B
Beats Periodic variations in the amplitude of an oscillation resulting from the combination of two oscillations with slightly different frequencies. Beat frequency The absolute value of the difference between the frequencies of two oscillations with slightly different frequencies.

C
Cycle The complete range of states or values through which a periodic phenomenon or function passes before repeating itself identically. Crest factor Of an oscillating quantity. The ratio of the peak value to the r.m.s. value. Circular vibration A vibration in which the locus of a vibration point is circular in form. Critical speed A characteristic speed at which a predominant response occurs at resonance. (Note : In the case of a rotating system, the critical speed is the speed that corresponds to a resonance frequency of the system (it may also include multiples and submultiples of the resonance frequency); for example, speed in revolutions per unit time is equal to the resonance frequency in cycles per unit of time). Calibration factor Of a transducer. The average sensitivity within a prescribed frequency range.

Complex Wave The resultant form of a number of sinusoidal waves that are summed together forming a periodic wave. Such waves may be analyzed in the frequency domain to readily determine their component parts.

D
Displacement A vector quantity that specifies the change of position of a body or particle with respect to a reference frame. Dominant frequency A frequency at which a maximum value occurs in a spectral density curve. Damped natural frequencies The frequency of free vibration of a damped linear system. Dynamic vibration absorber A device for reducing vibrations of a primary system over a desired frequency range by the transfer of energy to an auxiliary resonant system so tuned that the force exerted by the auxiliary system is opposite in phase to the force acting on the primary system. Detuner An auxiliary vibratory system with an amplitude-dependent frequency characteristic that modifies the vibration characteristics of the main system to which it is attached. Displacement pickup A pickup that converts its input displacement to an output (usually electrical) that is proportional to the input displacement. Dynamic stiffness (a) The ratio of change of force to change of displacement under dynamic conditions. (b) The complex ratio of force to displacement during simple harmonic motion.

E
Extraneous vibration The total other than vibration of interest. Elliptical vibration A vibration in which the locus of a vibrating point is elliptical in form.

F
Forced vibration The steady-state vibration caused by external excitation. Free vibration Vibration that occurs after the removal of excitation or restraint. Frequency The reciprocal of the period when the independent variable is time. Fundamental frequency (a) Of periodic quantity. The reciprocal of the fundamental period when the independent variable is time (b) Of a system. The lowest natural frequency.

Form factor Of an oscillating quantity. The ratio of the r.m.s. value to the mean value for half cycle between two successive zero crossings. Fundamental natural mode of vibration The mode of vibration of a system having the lowest natural frequency. Fixed base natural frequency A natural frequency that a system would have if the foundation to which the equipment is attached were rigid and of infinite mass. Frequency distortion Of a transducer. Distortion that occurs within a given frequency range when the amplitude sensitivity of the transducer for a given amplitude of excitation is not constant over the range. Frequency response Of a transducer. The output signal of the transducer expressed as a function of the frequency of its input signal. FFT Fast Fourier Transform. A computationally efficient mathematical technique which converts digital information from the time domain to the frequency domain for rapid spectral analysis.

G
g
The force of acceleration due to gravity equal to 32.1739 ft/sec2 or 386 in./sec2.

H
Harmonic Of a periodic quantity. A sinusoidal quantity whose frequency is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency of the quantity. Hertz (Hz) Units in which frequency is expressed. Synonymous with cycles per second.

J
Jerk A vector quantity that specifies the time derivative of acceleration.

L
Lag 1. A time delay between the output of a signal and the response of the instrument to which the signal is sent. 2. A time relationship between two waveforms where a fixed reference point on one wave occurs after the same point of the reference wave.

M
Mode A characteristic of a system undergoing vibration, indicating the pattern of nodes and antinodes assumed by the system in which the motion of every particle, for a particular frequency, is simple harmonic (for linear systems) or has corresponding decay patterns.

Mode shape Of a given mode of vibration of a mechanical system. The shape given by the maximum change in position , usually normalised to a prescribed deflection magnitude at a prescribed point, of its neutral surface (or neutral axis) from its mean value for that mode of vibration.

N
Node A point, line or surface in a standing wave where some characteristic of the wave field has essentially zero amplitude. Natural mode of vibration A mode of vibration assumed by a system when vibrating freely.

O
Output Noise The RMS, peak-to-peak (as specified) AC component of a transducer's DC output in the absence of a measurand variation.

P
Periodic vibration A periodic quantity whose values recur for certain equal increments of the independent variable. Phase angle Of a periodic quantity. The fractional part of a period through which the quantity has advanced, as a measure from a value of the independent variable as a reference. Phase difference Between two periodic quantities with the same frequency, the difference between their respective phases. Peak value The maximum value of a quantity during a given interval. Peak-to-peak value Of an oscillating quantity. The algebraic difference between the extreme values of the quantity.

Q
Quasi-periodic vibration A vibration that deviates only slightly from periodic vibration.

R
Random vibration A vibration whose magnitude cannot be precisely predicted for any given instant of time. Rectilinear vibration A vibration in which the locus of a vibration point is in a straight line. Resonance Of a system in forced oscillation. The condition of the system when any change in the frequency of excitation, however small the change , causes a degrease in a response of the system.

Resonance frequency A frequency at which resonance occurs. Resonant vibration generator A vibration generator that contains a vibration system that is excited at its resonance frequency. Response Of a system. A quantitative expression of the output of a system. Repeatability The ability of a transducer to reproduce output readings when the same measurand value is applied to it consecutively, under the same conditions, and in the same direction. Repeatability is expressed as the maximum difference between output readings as a percent of full scale.

S
Steady-state vibration Continuing periodic vibration. Self-induced vibration Vibration of a mechanical system resulting from conversion, within the system, of a non-oscillatory energy to oscillatory excitation. Simple harmonic motion A motion that is a sinusoidal function of time. Sensitivity Of a transducer, for a stated value of the input quantity. The relationship of a change in the input quantity to the corresponding change in the input quantity. Spectrum A description of a quantity as a function of frequency or wavelength. Static Unbalance Static unbalance is that condition of unbalance for which the central principal axis is displayed only parallel to the shaft axis.

T
Transient vibration The vibratory motion of a system as it changes from one state to another. Transducer A device that receives energy from one system and supplies energy, of either the same or a different kind, to another system in such a manor that the desired characteristics of the input energy appear at the output. True RMS The true root-mean-square value of an AC or AC-plus-DC signal, often used to determine power of a signal. For a perfect sine wave, the RMS value is 1.11072 times the rectified average value, which is utilized for lowcost metering. For significantly non-sinusoidal signals, a true RMS converter is required.

U
Undamped natural frequency Of a mechanical system. A frequency of free vibration resulting from only elastic and inertial forces of the system.

V
Velocity A vector quantity that specifies the time derivative of displacement. Vibration The variation with time of the magnitude of a quantity that is descriptive of the motion or position of a mechanical system, when the magnitude is alternatively greater than and smaller than some average value or reference. Vibration severity Of a machine. The maximum r.m.s. value of the vibration velocities measured at significant points on the machine such as bearings or mountings. Velocity pickup A pickup that converts an input velocity to an output (usually electrical) that is proportional to the input velocity.

W
Wavelength Of a periodic wave. The distance, measured perpendicular to the wave front in the direction of propagation, between two successive points on the wave that are separated by one period.