Algeria Country Report

THE DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
EXPERTS CONSULTATION ON WASTWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE ARAB WORLD
ORGANISED BY THE ARAB WATER CONCIL (AWC) 22-24 may 2011 Dubai (EAU) ALGERIA REPORT COUNTRY
PRESENTED BY: HASSINA HAMMOUCHE
Chief of Office /Chief Engineer MRE/DAPE
Ministry for the Water Resources/ Department of purification and the environment protection Mai 2011
SUMMARY Page Introduction 1. Current situation of the water resources in Algeria 2. Institutions of the Algerian water resources sector 3. wastewater management in Algeria Conclusion 2 3 5 8 23
List of Tables Table 1: Evolution of the length network sewerage Table2: Drinking water pricing Table 3: The zone pricing Table 4: Sanitation pricing Table 5 :List of crops that can be irrigated with treated wastewater Table 6: Steps in Algerian Water Project Budget Planning List of figures Figure 1: Evolution of the length network sewerage Figure 2: Evolution of the number of sewage treatment plant in operation Figure 3: Yearly changes of the volume of water purified Figure 4: Distribution volume of water processed by area Figure 5: Distribution of capital expenditure in the water sector, medium 1995-2004. Figure 6: Evolution of the number of investment operations in the sanitation sector 2001-2010 Figure 7: Evolution of Authorized Program of sanitation 2001-2010 Figure 8: Allocation of operating costs by type of activity Figure 9: Allocation of operating costs per cost center 9 10 11 11 18 19 20 21 22 8 13 13 14 15 18
INTRODUCTION: Algeria is the largest of the five countries of the Maghreb,. It is located In northern part of Africa. Algeria is bordered by five countries. Its size is 2 381741 Km2. It has also a coastal strip stretching over l 200 km. Algeria is considered to be a hyphen between Africa and Europe. Algeria is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. In the last census (April 2008), the complete population of Algeria was estimated at 34 million inhabitants, among whom 80 % live in the urban areas. In 2010, Algerias population is 36.5 million. The main cities are located in the coastal zone or on the high lowlands, Especially: Algiers, capital of the Algeria, whose population is estimated at more than 4,9 million inhabitants; Oran, 432 km West of Algiers, whose population is about 660 000 inhabitants Constantine, 431 km east of Algiers, whose population is about 500 000 inhabitants Annaba, 600 km from Algiers, whose population is about 400 000 inhabitants. Administratively, Algeria is a central state. The administrative division of the country highlights 48 provinces (wilayate), divided as follows: 24 In the North region; 13 In the Steppe region; 11 In the South region. The Provinces are divided into 227 dairas (sub-prefectures) and 1541 municipalities. It has also elected institutions that are the national council (senate) and the national popular assembly at the central level and the prefectures and communes assemblies, locally.
The fossil fuels energy sector is the backbone of Algeria's economy The official language is Arabic, however French is sometimes used as working language Algeria is subdivided into 5 hydrographic areas, the delimitation are configured by the basins slopes, four (04) of them are located in the North and one (01) in the South. Climate is Mediterranean in the northIn the south, it is a desert one. The warmest months are July and August. the temperatures of the coastal cities varies between 5 and 15C in winter and 25 in 35C in summer, while in the south the temperature can reach 50C in the shade The rainfall varies between 400 - 1000 mm a year, with only 103 mm a year in the whole desert zone.
1. CURRENT SITUATION OF THE WATER RESOURCES IN ALGERIA: Situation of Water Potentialities Water resources in Algeria are scarce and are distributed unfairly. Indeed, Algeria has been through, during the last 25 years a severe drought, characterized by important deficit of countrys rainfall, This drought has had an impact on river flow. The level of drawdown of the reservoirs and dams is such that it has a negative impact on social and economic activities in the country Moreover, population growth and the social and economic development have increased the needs of drinking water, industrial and agricultural water as well. In last twenty years, our country is stepping up efforts to mobilize additional water resources
In this setting, Algeria strive to develop in the short and medium term develop its activities in these important areas:
Reduction of water losses thanks to Maximum operating of existing potentialities, as following: A sustained effort in resource mobilization in surface water by building of new dams; The rationalization of the aquifer exploitation in the north and the improvement of the knowledge on resources in underground waters in arid areas (steppe) and in the Sahara, The development of capacities of purified wastewater reuse to improve availabilities in water for the industry and agriculture. The development of capacities of demineralization of the brackish waters and sea water desalination in the coastal zones in order to have more resources to satisfy the demand in drinking and agricultural water for the other zones. In this report we try to present an overview on the potential of water resources in Algeria and the situation of sanitation and especially the management and development prospects. Potentialities: The water potentialities in Algeria are currently estimated at 17,6 billions of m3/year divided as follow: 10,2 billions m3 of surface resources 7,4 billions m3 of Underground waters resources It has also 5 billions m3 of Underground waters resources in the south regions. Current mobilization of water resources: Surface resources :
Dams : 2,8 billions of m3 (68 dams) underground water resources : 3,5 wellsources) The total is 6, 3 billions of m3. billions of m3 (forages
2. INSTITUTIONS OF THE ALGERIAN WATER RESOURCES SECTOR: The Ministry for the Water Resources is the governments department in charge of the water resource in Algeria. It was created by the executive decree n 2000-324 in October the 25th, 2000. Department of Water Resources exercises its powers incooperation with other sectors, in order to elaborate a permanent assessment (qualitative and quantitative), of the water resources. The Water Resources Ministry strives to the safeguard, the preservation and the rational use of the water resources (extracted from article n4) It also strives for the maintenance and the protection of rivers, lakes, the sebkhas and the chotts (extracted from article n4)
2.1
THE CORE MISSIONS OF THE WATER RESOURCES MINISTRY
1. To develop and to valorize knowledge on water resources. 2. To mobilize and to protect surface, underground and non conventional waters resources. 3. To supply the drinking water and industrial. 4. To supply the water for irrigation. 5. To ensure urban sanitation. 6. To elaborate the regulation of the sector of water.
2.2 THE MINISTRY ORGANIZATION Technical departments represented by: DEAH: Department of studies and the hydraulic amenities DMRE: Department of the mobilization of water resources DAEP: Department of the provisions in drinking water DAPE: Department of purification and the environment protection DHA : Department of the agricultural hydraulics administrative department represented by: DPAE: Department of the scheduling and the economic business DRHFC: Department of the human resources, the formation and cooperation DBM: Department of the budget and the means DRC: Department of the regulation and litigation Moreover, there is a specialized structure with national skill that is The national hydraulic resource agency (ANRH) At the local level The sector leans on hydraulics directions of the wilayate (DHW). It is the outside services of the state constituting the administration of water at the level of the 48 wilayate of the country, and it manages 260 territorial subdivisions.
2.3
The public service management
The national agency of Dams and Transfers ANBT: It is the agency which manages and commands work of construction of dams and transfer. The Algerian of waters ADE: It ensures on the set of the national territory the management of the public service of the drinking water network as well as the renewal and the development of the infrastructure of the drinking water. The National Sanitation Office ONA: It ensures on the set of the national territory the protection of water environment and the implementation of the national politics of purification in cooperation with the local collectivities. The national office of the irrigation and drainage (ONID): it ensures the management of water resources allocated to irrigated area, maintenance and operating of irrigation and drainage networks and the delegate command of work of projects of irrigation and drainage.
3. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN ALGERIA Growth experienced by the country in recent years has certainly had a positive socio economic impact but it also had negative impacts on the ecosystem in general and water resources in particular because of the insufficient efforts to protect environment. Indeed pollution may be the essential cause of the shortage of water in a semi arid country like ours, hence the need for more protection of water resources. A sanitation policy is therefore needed as an unavoidable necessity to address this risk. It must be based particularly on the conservation of existing resources and valorization of treated wastewater in order to contribute to the protection of public health. The average volume of drinking water produced annually has increased from 1400 in 1999 to 2800 Hm3 in 2009 and will reach in 2020, 3,500 Hm3 thanks to the national mobilization of resources. If we consider a loss rate of 40% between production and consumption, the annual volume of wastewater is about 1,200 Hm3 (80% of water consumed) in 2010 and will reach more than 1,500 Hm3 in 2020. To remedy this increase in pollution, sanitation policy has become very important in order to manage this risk by protecting the environment. It relies particularly on the conservation of existing resources, recovery of treated wastewater to contribute in the preservation of public health and economic development.
3.1 SEWERAGE NETWORK The linear of the sanitation national network seeing a significant improvement thanks to the implementation of the program of achievement of the sewerage network throughout the country.
Table 1: Evolution of the length network sewerage
Years length branching ratio
1995 21000 79%
2000 24000 83%
2005 32000 85%
2008 38000 86%
2010 41000 86%
Figure 1: Evolution of the length of the sewerage network
As a result, the rates of connection to the national network of public sewer have been improved. It rose from 79% to 86%. This contributed positively to the eradication of waterborne diseases. The linear network of national sanitation has increased from 21,000 km to 41,000 km. These efforts are the result of significant investment by the state. With the achievement of approximately 1500 km of collectors per year, the national total sanitation network by 2020 will be a linear of 54 000 km. The annual volume of wastewater discharged is estimated at about 1.2 billion m3. 3.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS In order to protect water resources and the environment in general, the water resources sector has launched a very ambitious program for wastewater treatment plants. Indeed, several stations are currently underway or being rehabilitated and others will be launched.
Sewage treatment plants are managed for two years by the building operators and by the National Sanitation Office (ONA) with a training program to ensure continuity of service. The wwtp and lagoons have laboratories for daily control of water quality at the inlet and outlet works and the quality of sludge (DB05, COD, TSS). These laboratories are backed by the central laboratory of the ONA, which provides more analysis of heavy metals on water and sludge treatment plants. Sewage treatment plants in operation: While in 2000, the National Park of sewage treatment plants had only 18 WWTP in operation, it reached in April 2011 as follows: - 123 sewage treatment plants. 56 sewage treatment plants (activated sludge). 67 lagoons (stabilization pond, aerated lagoon, sand filter, reed bed sewage treatment, garden filter)
140 120 100 number 80 60 40 20 0
Evolution of the number of sewage treatment plant in operation

102 77
123
30 18 6 1995 2000 2005 YEAYS 2008 2010 2011
Figure 2: Evolution of the number of sewage treatment plant in operation
The total capacity of sewage in 2010: 700 million m3/years
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Figure 3: Yearly changes of the volume of purified water

Evolution annuelle du volume des eaux uses pures (m )
120000000 100000000 80000000 60000000 40000000 20000000 0
2008 (52 STEP) 2009 (55 STEP) 2010 (68 STEP) Volumes(m3)
3
WWTP in operation managed by ONA
Net growth in volumes of treated wastewater for the past three years has been noticed thanks of increase in the number of WWTP in operation (Those of of Mascara, Saida, Naama, Guelma and sanitation management of Ouargla). Figure 4: Distribution volume of water processed by area
Volum es (M3)
Rpartition des volumes d'eaux traites par zone durant le 3me trimestre 2009
25000000
20000000 Volumes (m3) 15000000
10000000
5000000
Zones
Tizi-Ouzou
Chlef
Constantine
Stif
Tiaret
Ouargla
Batna
Saida
WWTP in operation managed by ONA
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Annaba
Alger
Oran
The treated volume is correlated with the number and capacity of existing treatment plants in each area: the area of Oran treats 32% of the total volume of 21 stations (including 17 lakes), and the area of TiziOuzou traets 19% with 13 WWTP, the lowest rate is 0.27% in the Saida area with 01 and 01 WWTP lagoon. Sewage treatment plants under construction: - 96 sewage treatment plants under construction 60 sewage treatment plants (activated sludge). 36 lagoons. The program for 2010-2014, it is projected the achievement of 40WWTP, which would make reach the treatment capacity in 2020 to 1.2 billion m3. 3.3 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
In the past, sanitation activity was managed by a multitude of stakeholders. The year 2001 has witnessed the creation of a national public institution operating in industrial and commercial levels called National Sanitation Office (ONA) under oath of the Ministry of Water Resources to ensure the management and operating sanitation at the national level. During 2005, an interdepartmental circular set out the modalities for the transfer of activities related to water and sanitation EPDEMIA Boards and local authorities to the ADE and the ONA. Law No. 05-12 of 4 August 2005 relating to water defined the procedures for granting and delegation activity of Sanitation (Article 101). As such, the concession of public service sanitation has been entrusted to the National Office of Sanitation by the Ministry of Water Resources (Section 104). Those entities may delegate all or part of their management to legal persons under public or private on the basis of a convention. Currently, five (05) wilayate (Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Annaba and Tarf) are governed by a management contract established between Ona and ADE in one side and foreign private operators in the other side under the oath of the Ministry of Water Resources.
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The National Sanitation Office ONA manages 68 WWTP and 27561kmnetwork. Other WWTP and the rest of the network are managed by local authorities, the building operators and the stock company in major cities (Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Annaba and Tarf). 3.4 THE SANITATION PRICING : The water pricing is set by the state. A decree (Decree 05-13 of January the 9th, 2005) determines the rules for pricing of public services of water supply and sanitation and related prices. Drinking water pricing Drinking water pricing are set according to public service costs of water supply and its distribution among different categories of water consumers. Categories of users include: - households (Category I) - the government, artisans and services sector (Category II) - the industrial and tourism units (category III). Table2: Drinking water pricing Zone pricing Alger, Oran, Constantine Chlef Ouargla The zone pricing: Table 3: The zone pricing Wilayas Alger, Blida, Mda, Tipaza, Boumerds, TiziALGER Ouzou, Bouira, Bordj Bou Arrridj, MSila, Bjaa et Stif. Oran, An-Tmouchent, Tlemcen, Mostaganem, ORAN Mascara, Sidi Bel Abbs, Sada, Nama et El Bayadh. Constantine, Jijel, Mila, Batna, Khenchela, Biskra, CONSTANTINE Annaba, El Tarf, Skikda, Sou Ahras, Guelma, Tebessa et Oum El Bouaghi. Chlef, An-Defla, Relizane, Tiaret, Tissemsilt et CHLEF Djelfa. Zone pricing
13
Basic Price DA/m3 6.30 6.10 5.80
Sanitation pricing: The Sanitation price are set on the basis of public service costs of sanitation and its distribution among different categories of users and water consumption bands corresponding to the volume of water supplied to public service users of drinking water (Article 15). Table 5: Sanitation pricing Zone pricing Alger, Oran, Constantine Chlef Ouargla Basic Price DA/m3 2,35 2,20 2,10
3.4
RE-USE OF PURIFIED WASTE WATER:
The use of this form of mobilization and the reasons for the development of the re-using systems are several. In the local context, the principal reasons are: - The deficit of water - The increasing waters needs - Protection of the environment For better use of treated wastewater, a study about reuse of this resource at the national level was conducted by the Department of Water Resources. It was achieved in December 2008. Four missions have been highlighted from this study: 1. Recognition and collecting all data for the development of the study, 2. Study of a master plan for reuse of treated wastewater, 3. Development of a pilot study of feasibility for the reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes with defining the types of crops and for industrial purposes or others (groundwater recharge, municipal needs, irrigation ...) 4. Development of draft standards for reuse.
14
Regulation of reuse of Purified Waste Water The regulatory framework for the reuse of treated wastewater is as follows: Law No. 05-12 of 4 August 2005 related to water that has established through its articles 76 and 78, the concession for the use of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes. Decree No. 07-149 of 20 May 2007 which sets out the procedures for grant of use of treated wastewater for irrigation and the specifications relating thereto. The concession through a specification to any person or entity under public or private ministerial decree (health, water resources, agriculture) setting specifications of treated wastewater used for irrigation. Interdepartmental decree establishing the list of crops that can be irrigated with treated wastewater. Interdepartmental decree establishing the list of laboratories carrying out the quality of treated wastewater used for irrigation. Interdepartmental decree fixing the specifications of treated wastewater used for irrigation Table 5 :List of crops that can be irrigated with treated wastewater
Groups of crops can be irrigated by treated wastewater. Fruit trees List of crops
date palms, grapes, apple, peach, pear, apricot, medlar, cherry, plum, nectarine, pomegranate, fig, rhubarb, peanuts, walnuts, Olive Grapefruit, limon, tangerine, lime, orange, mandarin,
Citrus
Forage
Berseem, maize, sorghum forage, vetch, and alfalfa. Industrial tomatoes, pole beans, peas rowing, sugar beet, cotton, tobacco, flax wheat, barley, triticale and oats.
Industrial culture
Cereal crops
15
Crops seed potato Fodder shrubs The flowering plants to dry or for industrial use
Potatoes, beans and peas. lAcacia et lAtriplex. Rose, iris, jasmine, marjoram and rosemary.
Role of each sector : Hydraulics services of the wilaya are required to establish a monitoring and control: The quality of treated wastewater for irrigation, changes in water quality of groundwater; Condition of storage facilities and distribution. Also, the agricultural services of the wilaya must ensure: The evolution of plant crops irrigated with treated wastewater; The changing characteristics of soils under irrigation with treated wastewater. The health services of the wilaya must ensure: Regular monitoring of health the members of the staff who are involved in the irrigation with treated wastewater. Program of reuse of treated wastewater being implemented by the sector of water resources:15770 ha 1. Under Operating: 510 ha 2. Program completed delivered for operating: 3800 ha 3. Reuse project Study completed to be launched for realization: 9800 ha. 4. Studies Ongoing: 1600 ha. Program 2010-2014 : 40000 ha
16
This interest in this sensitive issue on terms of its direct impact on public health and water security has resulted in the realization of nearly a hundred wastewater treatment plants during the last decade. It is no coincidence today that Algeria is among the countries that have reached the millennium purposes on terms of access to water and sanitation. Algeria is subject to cyclical drought due to its strategic position. This situation has been aggravated by climate change. This is why wastewater treatment and reuse for industrial and agricultural is important especially since these two sectors consume up to 70% water mobilized. 3.6 STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS OF SANITATION:
The water legal system and hydraulic infrastructures is deeply marked by the public state character. Algeria is actually undertaking deep social and economical reforms. New laws are being implemented to put into action new mechanisms for intended economical management. The principal elements that come out from these laws, compared to the previous ones, are the investment opportunities given to the private sector to participate in the socio economical activities and programs. Main texts relating to sanitation: 1. Law of water n05-12, 28, 4 August 2005 2. Executive Decree 06-141 19 April 2006 laying limit values for discharges of industrial liquid effluent. 3. Executive Decree n09-209 11 June 2009 laying down the procedures for granting permission to discharge wastewater other than domestic in a public sewerage or a WWTP. 4. Executive Decree 10-88 10 March 2010 laying the conditions and procedure for granting permission for the disposal of non-toxic effluent into the public water domain. 5. Executive Decree 08-53, February 9, 2008 approving the specifications for standard management by concession of public service and sanitation service regulations there under. 6. Executive Decree. 10-23 12, January 2010 laying down the technical system of sewage treatment.
17
3.7 THE FINANCIAL ASPECT Water sector investment planning Programs and project planning for water-related activities should follow the multiannual approach for investment planning, which was reintroduced by the major program PSRE in 2001 and is regulated by Decree No. 98-227 related to all capital expenditures. This decree defines the procedures for inclusion of programs and projects in the budget according to central, deconcentrated, communal levels. The following Table describes the steps in elaborating the annual water project budgetproposal.103 Table5: Steps in Algerian Water Project Budget Planning Step1 Step2 Evaluation of financial and physical results for projects executed by end-year (n-2) and (n-1) Authorized Proposals for year (n) including: Reevaluations or modifications and restructuring of projects New operations for the new program ranked according to a priority level Consolidated proposals in year (n) for old and new projects.
Step3
Figure 5: Distribution of capital expenditure in the water sector, medium 1995-2004
In budgeting, the sanitation comes in third place after the construction of dams and water supply.
18
Evolution of the number of investment operations in the sanitation sector 2001-2010

number of investistment operations 1200 1000 807 800 600 400 200 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEARS 307 547 440 597 564 975 931 847
757
Figure 6: Evolution of the number of investment operations in the sanitation sector 2001-2010
On development, the approach of the sanitation sector has the objective of collecting wastewater through an extensive program of upgrading and expansion of the national network, the protection of cities against flooding and sewage treatment by implementation of wastewater treatment plants and lagoons around the country as well as the reuse of these waters in agriculture, industry, and to a lesser degree to recharge groundwater and coastal aquifers including Roll Back the salt water intrusion. As regards sanitation, the period 2001-2010 has seen a revitalization of ongoing projects and the launch of several new projects of national importance.
19
AP Billions DA
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 51
Evolution of Authorised Programm 2001-2010 412 of sanitation

385 334 286 232 165 68 89 109
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEARS
Figure 7: Evolution of Authorized Program of sanitation 2001-2010
The purposes are to reduce the delay for building new infrastructure and upgrading of those already existing. The one of the goals of the long term sectors strategy for the wastewater discharged are the achievement of sewage treatment plant and lagoons around the country and re-use to agriculture and industry. It is important to note that during the period from 1992 to 2001, no sewage treatment plant has been achieved. Since 2001 an extensive program adopted by the sector has been launched. The wastewater treatment experienced a revival in recent years and attention from our industry that have resulted in an improvement in the situation of environmental protection in general and protection of water resources in particular. Indeed the industry has launched 158 projects in recent years of new construction of infrastructure for sewage for a total of over 200billiondinars. For the 5 next years, the sanitation sector has benefited of 80 billions DA from 2010 to 2014 and a donation of 30 million euro in the framework of European cooperation.
20
Operating costs of sanitation systems: Operating costs of sanitation systems, for 2010 amounted to over 2 074 million of DA, as follows: - 1309 Million DA for the management and operation of networks a ratio of 2.28 DA/M3 Collected. - 486 million dinars for the management and operation of WWTP and lagoons a ratio of 4.67 DA/M3 purified. - 279 million DA for the management and operation of pumping stations a ration of 2.16 DA/M3 pumped. Figure 8: Allocation of operating costs by type of activity
Rpartition des cots d'exploitation par nature d'activite Exercice 2010
Epuration 485 983 311 23%
Collecte 1308837920 64%
Relevage 279664765 13%
21
Figure 9: Allocation of operating costs per cost center

Rpartition des cots d'exploitation par centre de frais Exercice 2010
Maintenance 12854784 3% Autres 16004634 3%
Energie 113895351 23%
Personnel 343228542 71%
The major investment of the past 10 years: Some southern regions of our countries are suffering from the phenomenon of upwelling due to the disruption of the balance of the hydrogeological regime and groundwater aggravated by over-exploitation of groundwater and lack of outlet. This phenomenon has reached a critical point in the valleys of El Oued and Ouargla with dramatic effects on the two regions. Given the seriousness of the situation the sector has since 2005 launched under the bucket of the emergency work recommended by the studies of remediation of wastewater, storm water and irrigation, additional control measures against the rising water tables in the valleys of Ouargla and Souf developed by a Swiss consulting firm. These studies have identified actions to be implemented that meet all the objectives namely, the consolidation of municipalities in the valleys, the fight against the rising water and environmental protection. These actions consist of the renovation, expansion and construction of sewerage and the sewage, drainage and disposal of these waters to a natural outlet which would also allow for reuse of treated wastewater. This work was entrusted to several companies and groups of domestic and foreign enterprises and has cost a total of more than 60 billion dinars.
22
Currently this work is completed and the systems are commissioned. Conclusion: In conclusion, the strategy of the Algerian sector of water resources aims to wastewater treatment through the implementation of sewage treatment plants so as to purify all wastewater discharges throughout the national territory and reuse the treated wastewater for agricultural purposes. Completion of this program in the medium and long term will protect the quality of water resources, our environment and improve the lives of citizens. .
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THE DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

EXPERTS CONSULTATION ON WASTWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE ARAB WORLD

Chief of Office /Chief Engineer MRE/DAPE

THE CORE MISSIONS OF THE WATER RESOURCES MINISTRY

The public service management

Years length branching ratio

1995 21000 79%

2000 24000 83%

2005 32000 85%

2008 38000 86%

2010 41000 86%

Figure 1: Evolution of the length of the sewerage network

140 120 100 number 80 60 40 20 0

Evolution of the number of sewage treatment plant in operation

30 18 6 1995 2000 2005 YEAYS 2008 2010 2011

Figure 2: Evolution of the number of sewage treatment plant in operation

The total capacity of sewage in 2010: 700 million m3/years

Figure 3: Yearly changes of the volume of purified water

WWTP in operation managed by ONA

20000000 Volumes (m3) 15000000

WWTP in operation managed by ONA

Basic Price DA/m3 6.30 6.10 5.80

RE-USE OF PURIFIED WASTE WATER:

Figure 5: Distribution of capital expenditure in the water sector, medium 1995-2004

Evolution of the number of investment operations in the sanitation sector 2001-2010

Evolution of Authorised Programm 2001-2010 412 of sanitation

Figure 7: Evolution of Authorized Program of sanitation 2001-2010

Epuration 485 983 311 23%

Collecte 1308837920 64%

Relevage 279664765 13%

Figure 9: Allocation of operating costs per cost center

Energie 113895351 23%

Personnel 343228542 71%

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