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Lanco Babandh Power Private Ltd.

APPENDIX X

BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA

1.1

INTRODUCTION

This section describes the technical requirements for the control and instrumentation (C&I) system for the Lanco Babandh Thermal Power Project.

1.1.1

The Contractor shall provide control & instrumentation system for control, monitoring & operation of the entire main package in all regimes of operation in safe & most efficient manner. The Contractor shall provide all systems, equipment, accessories and associated equipment in a fully operational condition acceptable to the owner. The Contractor shall also provide all material, equipment and services which may not be specifically stated in the specifications but are required for completeness of the equipment / systems furnished by the Contractor and for meeting the intent and requirements of these specifications.

1.1.2

Contractors control system shall ensure safe, reliable and effective operation of equipment supplied by them. The main power plant package shall seamlessly integrate with the other balance of plant packages to provide a complete and satisfactorily operating thermal power plant. It is not the intent to describe technical requirement of all the C&I items required to be provided by the Contractor to make his equipment and systems working satisfactorily to the satisfaction of the owner. The owner is relying on Contractors experience and expertise for the equipment including the control system. The work shall be consistent with modern power plant practices and shall be in compliance with all applicable codes, standards, guidelines and safety requirements in force on the date of award of the contract. The requirements of statutory authorities with regard to various plant areas shall be complied even if not actually spelt out. The Contractor shall note that all systems/ equipment described in this specification are for one unit. 1.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM OF CONTROL AND

1.1.3

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1.1.5

1.2.1

The Control & Instrumentation (C&I) systems and devices being provided shall be of proven design and shall be selected to achieve highest level of plant availability. In the event of any Instrument or C&I items not working satisfactorily within plant warranty period, the Contractor shall replace them with a good one to the satisfaction of Owner. The main objectives of the C&I system are as follows:
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i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) 1.2.2

To allow safe start-up, synchronisation, operation, shutdown, emergency tripping, control, protection, and monitoring of plant systems and equipment. To allow the optimised and efficient use of all plant systems and equipment To maximise the availability of the plant. To provide maximum level of automation To provide comprehensive monitoring, fault diagnosis, and display of Information related to plant equipment, system, and their performance. To centralise monitoring and control the two unit from common control room To provide personnel safety To provide flexibility and expansion capability of the system To minimise plant personnel (both Operation and Maintenance)

The Control & Instrumentation devices and systems design shall ensure maximum availability, reliability, operability and maintainability. Contractor shall ensure 25 years of service life for all equipment and systems furnished for the plant. With this service life, all the parts and components shall function normally under specified working conditions. The entire C&I equipment shall be designed and supplied according to the requirements of Thermal Power Plant operation. Control and remote monitoring means shall be set according to the requirements. The Contractor shall have the responsibility to select and configure C&I equipment such as sensors, signal converters, and microcomputers according to the requirements of this specification and other C&I codes, and the conditions restricted by process. C&I equipment supplied shall be new with proven track record, sophisticated and conform to the requirements of this specification. The Contractor shall furnish in their offer the performance of the equipment selected, such as accuracy/ precision, repeatability, and performance drift with time and temperature. Permissible conditions shall be set for single control object to prevent it from being put into operation inappropriately. The operator shall not be able to put control in auto mode if the necessary conditions are not fulfilled. When, in auto mode it shall automatically and bumplessly change to manual mode in the loss of necessary conditions or in case of failure of the system. Interlocking shall also be set to cut off the controlled object in hazardous work conditions. Critical hardwired Alarms (91 windows) shall be provided for abnormal controlled conditions that are to be controlled by Operators in the Central Control Room or may affect the operation of equipment or personnel safety.
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1.2.3

1.2.4

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1.2.7

The control system shall be functionally distributed and highly modular, reflecting the function groups of the controlled equipment and systems of the plant. Such functional grouping strategy shall also be reflected by the distribution of controllers to ensure the reliability and availability of the system. Local control panel supplied by the Contractor for certain systems shall include control for all the devices of that system. The operators shall be able to operate a system from the local control panel instead of operating different equipment of the system from different positions. The Contractor shall supply all necessary furniture including ergonomically designed Tables, chairs & desks for use at the Control Room desks and various programming stations & also all necessary furniture for the PCs & Printers supplied by Contractor as per this specification. The complete furniture shall also be supplied to set up maintenance & calibration equipment laboratories and the same shall be completely erected & commissioned by the Contractor. All the equipment like programmer stations, PC's various peripherals & similar devices shall be complete with desks, racks, stands, and other mounting accessories. The equipment shall employ latest state of the art technology to guard against obsolescence. In any case, Contractor shall ensure supply of spare parts associated with equipments in the Contractor's scope upto 15 years for DCS and for other control system. The DDCMIS shall be OPEN system. The Turbine Control and Instrumentation System and Boiler Control and Instrumentation system shall be seamlessly integrated with the DDCMIS. The DDCMIS shall integrate the control & monitoring functions for the boiler, turbine, and BOP (Balance of Plant) systems with a hierarchically distributed structure. Standby equipment, wherever provided, shall start when system conditions move beyond the parameters set for normal operation. The DDCMIS should incorporate the latest bus technologies, including HART, Foundation Field Bus, Profibus DP, and Device Net for enabling quick, easy calibration, configuration and diagnostics. Single Failure Criteria The control system shall meet the following fault prevention and handling Principles: i) Single fault shall not lead to the failure of the whole control system
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1.2.8

1.2.9

1.2.10

1.2.11

1.2.12

1.2.13

1.2.14

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ii) iii)

iv)

v)

Single fault shall not cause false action or no action of the protection system When the control functions are grouped into units, only part of the whole control system shall be degraded on failure of Control System component. Such partial control degrading shall be able to be intervened by the operators at any time System redundancy shall be provided to ensure that single fault in the control system shall not lead to the failure of the running equipment or unavailability of the standby equipment If some equipment or control function fails in the control system and its driving level is not responding to the control signals, then this control function shall automatically become invalid and step out, keeping the original position.

1.2.16

Reliability & Availability The C&I systems shall be designed for safe, reliable, efficient and easy operation. Each component & system offered by the Contractor shall be of established reliability. The minimum target reliability of each component of C&I system like each Electronic module/card, Power supply, peripherals etc. shall be established by the Contractor, considering its failure rate/mean time between failure (MTBF), meantime to repair (MTTR), such that the availability of the complete C&I system is assured for 99.7% or better. Further the Contractor shall ensure that all equipment/part of his system, that are not listed under recommended spares, shall have normal life expectancy exceeding the expected life of the plant i.e. (30) years. In order to ensure the target reliability, the Contractor shall ensure selection of proper materials, control manufacturing process, use quality controlled components and parts, take adequate design margins & De-rating of electronic components and parts and carry out necessary tests etc.

1.2.17

The Contractor shall submit detailed reliability calculations for each system/ equipment which (with the help of a schematic of various sub-system connected in series or in parallel as the case may be and MTBF & MTTR values for the various equipment) shall show that availability calculation is as per relevant IEEE standard. Contractor along with Bid shall submit this. To ensure the availability of control system, suitable redundancy shall be provided at sensor level, hardware and software. For the protection system independent sensing device shall be provided to ensure adequate safety of plant equipment. Any single failure of the instruments or control equipment shall not affect the performance of the unit in any way. For hardware configuration following guidelines shall be followed: i) For very critical application like protection of boiler (MFT), turbine protection system, triple modular redundant

1.2.18

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(TMR) hardware (i.e. controllers/processors) and triplicate sensors shall be used. ii) For critical closed loop control system three redundant sensors and transmitters with median selection shall be used. For other closed loop control system 2 sensors and transmitters must be used with selection facility. iii) For balance protection, close control loops, sequential logic and related measurement dual redundant hardware (i.e. field sensors, controllers, communication cards, power supply modules alongwith interfacing equipments etc.) shall be used. iv) For balance measurements for monitoring application non-redundant hardware may be used. v) Redundancy shall be provided for all power supplies from source to each consumer, for all communication buses, for all communication cards including the coupling and interfacing devices. vi) Dual / Triple redundant sensors shall be wired to different I/O modules, as per the acquisition and wiring system described elsewhere in the specification. For common field protection signals to BFPs like Deaerator level very low, CEPs like hot well level very low, and ECW, ARCW Pumps etc., must be 2 out of 3 for tripping of auxiliaries. For CW pump, one level transmitter and one level switch shall be provided for CW tripping in 1 out of 2 mode for each CW sump pit. The control of CW, ARCW, Compressor house equipments and CT fans are envisaged from main plant DDCMIS. Remote I/O cabinet for CW/ACW system as well as Fuel oil pressurization system, Compressor house along with dual redundant optical fiber cables shall be in scope of the Contractor. For CW/ARCW and Compressor house equipments; there should be Local start/stop facility. For Fuel Oil pressurization system, Local start/stop PB and ON/OFF/TRIP status shall be provided. For important LT drives, like Seal Oil Pumps, Clinker grinders, Air Preheaters, Lube Oil Pumps, Fuel Oil Pumps, CT Fans motor current indication should be available in DCS with 4 to 20 mA inputs. 1.2.20 Fail Safe Principle The design of the control systems and related equipment shall adhere to the principle of `Fail Safe' operation wherever safety of personnel/ plant equipment is involved. `Fail Safe' operation signifies that the loss of power, loss of air, loss of signal, loss of excitation or failure of any component shall not cause a hazardous condition. However, it shall also be ensured that occurrence of false trips are avoided/ minimized. The types of failure, which shall be taken into account for ensuring operability of the plant shall include but not, limited to: i) Failure of sensor or transmitter ii) Failure of main and/or redundant controller or other modules during automatic operation

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iii) Loss of iv) Loss of v) Loss of vi) Failure elements 1.2.21

motive power to final control element control power instrument air of output from control device to final control

Contractor shall provide one common Central Control Room (CCR) for centralized control of the unit. One Control Equipment Room (CER) per unit shall be provided at operating floor for placing the system cum termination cabinets of various plant control systems like DDCMIS, boiler control, turbine control, control and operation of 11KV, 6.6 KV and 415 V switchgear for BTG area. No separate marshalling cabinets shall be provided. The unit control & monitoring philosophy envisaged for this project in all regimes of operation, i.e. start-up, shut-down, load maneuvering, load throw off, emergency handling etc., is through colour TFTs / keyboards & Mouse of Operator Work Station (OWS) mounted on Unit Control Desk (UCD) in the Central Control Room (CCR). All the information required for safe & efficient operation of the plant shall be displayed on TFTs at high speed & accuracy in specially designed displays suitable for power plant operation. The boiler, turbine and generator along with their associated auxiliaries of the unit shall be controlled and monitored from Central Control Room. The CCR shall house UCD on which TFTs / keyboards with Mouse are mounted and Unit Control Board on which conventional back up instruments for safe shutdown requirements. In addition to above, Large Video Screen (LVS), peripherals like printers are also housed in Central Control Room. Engineers Room, Shift Supervisors Room, Pantry, Toilets (Both Ladies and gents), shall be provided adjacent to the control room. Not used Operability & Maintainability These systems and equipment shall be designed for ease of operation and equipment maintainability. The choice of hardware shall also take into account sound maintainability principles and techniques. The same shall include but shall not be limited to the following: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) Standardization of parts Minimum use of special tools Grouping of functions Interchangeability Malfunction identification facility/self surveillance facility Easy modular replacement Easy removal, replacement and repair Easy assembly and disassembly

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ix) x) xi) 1.2.24

Fool proof design providing proper identification and other features to preclude improper mounting and installation. Appropriate De-rating of electronic components and parts Equipment/ devices, which require maintenance, shall be suitably located to ensure easy accessibility for maintenance. Standardization To ensure smooth and optimal maintenance, easy interchangeability including efficient spare parts management of various C&I instruments/ equipment like vibration monitoring systems, all 4-20 mA electronic transmitters/ transducers, control valves, actuators and other instruments/ local devices etc. being furnished by the Contractor for main plant areas (i.e. SG, TG etc.) and other plant auxiliaries for similar applications, the Contractor shall ensure that they are of the same make, series and family of hardware. Note: For the equipments and control system supplied by equipment manufacture and sub-suppliers, the Contractor shall ensure same make series and family of hard wares to the extent possible. However, for the equipments and control system not supplied by equipment manufacturer and sub-suppliers, Contractor shall ensure same make series and family of hard wares.

1.2.25

Hazardous Area All Instruments and control equipment/ devices scheduled for use in hazardous areas shall be of explosion-proof construction, duly certified, or where such construction is not practical then 'Intrinsic Safety' (IS) circuitry and barriers shall be rigidly applied. Such barriers shall not interfere with the normal operation of the system. NEC/ IEC requirements of Hazardous Area shall be followed in general. All equipment/ devices offered by the Contractor for use in hazardous areas shall have the necessary certification by the appropriate national / international authorities and its proposed application shall fully comply with all conditions of the certificate. The instruments, which shall be installed in the hazardous area, shall have approval of installation from CCOE, Nagpur.

1.2.26

Colour Shade Colour shade of all panel/ desk, system/marshalling/relay/Power supply cabinets etc. and Local panel, cabinets, Transmitter Enclosures/Racks, Junction Boxes, Electrical actuator etc. shall be uniform through out the plant and shall be decided during detailed engineering and shall be subject to Owner/Consultant approval. The colour of Instrument cable outer sheath (Signal & Control Cable) shall be as per respective standard.

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1.2.27

Environmental Conditions Environment condition for indoor and outdoor are specified elsewhere in the specification. Control room shall be under air conditioned environment. All equipment/systems located in Air conditioned area shall also be designed to operate for considerable period of time, when Air conditioner is not available, without degradation in functionality. Contractor shall mention in their offer that for how many hours the DDCMIS, boiler control and Instrumentation system, turbine control and Instrumentation system, and BoP package systems can run without air conditioner under operation.

1.2.28

The international system of units shall be used for design, drawings, diagrams, instruments etc. 1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS

1.3.1

All equipments, system and service covered under this specification shall comply with the requirements of the latest statute regulations and safety codes as applicable in the locality where the equipments/systems shall be installed. The Contractor shall fully acquaint himself with these requirements and shall ensure compliance with them. The equipments, systems and services furnished as per this specification shall conform to the codes and standards mentioned in this Section. However in the event of any conflict between the requirements of two standards or between the requirements of any standard and this specification, the more stringent requirements shall apply unless confirmed otherwise by the Owner in writing. The decision of the Owner shall be final and binding in all such cases. The Contractors scope of supply shall include some items such as thermowells and other in-line devices for main steam, hot reheat, cold reheat, feed water system falling under the purview of Indian Boiler Regulation (IBR) Act. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain the necessary approval of the concerned Inspecting Authority/Chief Inspector of Boilers for the design and design calculations and manufacturing.

1.3.2

Reference Codes and Standards The design, manufacturing, inspection, testing, site calibration and installation of all equipment and systems covered under this specification shall conform to the latest editions of codes and standards mentioned below and all other applicable ANSI, ASME, BS, NEMA, ISA, DIN, ISO, IEC, NFPA, IBR and Indian Standards.

1.3.3

Temperature Measurement i) Instrument and apparatus measurement ASME PTC 19.3 (1974) for temperature

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ii) Temperature measurement - Thermocouples ANSI-MC 96.1 - 1982. iii) Temperature measurement by electrical resistance thermometers - IS-2806/IEC 751/ DIN 43760 iv) Thermometer-element-platinum resistance-IS-2848/ IEC 751/DIN 43760 1.3.4 Pressure Measurement i) Instrument and apparatus for pressure measurement ASME PTC 19.2 (1964) ii) Specification for pressure and vacuum gauges - IS 3624

1.3.5

Electronic measuring Instruments & Control hardware i) Safety requirements for electrical and electronic measuring and controlling instrumentation - ANSI C 39.5 1974. ii) Compatibility of analog signals for electronic industrial process instruments - ISA-S 50.1:ANSI MC 12.1 - 1975. iii) Surge withstand capability (SWC) tests - ANSI C 37.90A (1974) IEEE Std. 472 (1974). IEC - 254.1. iv) ISA-TR84.00.02 - Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Evaluation Techniques Part 1: Introduction v) ISA-TR84.00.02 - Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Evaluation Techniques Part 2: Determining the SIL of a SIF via Simplified Equations vi) ANSI/ISA-82.02.01-1999 -(IEC 61010-1 Mod) - Safety Standard for Electrical and Electronic Test, Measuring, Controlling, and Related Equipment - General Requirements vii) ANSI/ISA-82.02.02-1996 - (IEC 61010-2-031) - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use viii) ANSI/ISA-82.02.04-1996 - (IEC 61010-2-032) - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use ix) ISA-82.03-1988 - Safety Standard for Electrical and Electronic Test, Measuring, Controlling, and Related Equipment (Electrical and Electronic Process Measurement and Control Equipment) x) IEC-61508-1-1998 - Functional Safety of Electrical / Electronic / Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems-Part 1: General Requirements IEC-61508-2-2000 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems-Part2: Requirements for Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems.

xi)

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1.3.6

Environmental Conditions and Control Centers: i) ISA-RP60.2-1995 - Control Center Design Guide and Terminology ii) ISA-RP60.3-1985 - Human Engineering for Control Centers iii) ISA-RP60.4-1990 - Documentation for Control Centers iv) ISA-RP60.6-1984 - Nameplates, Labels, and Tags for Control Centers v) ISA-RP60.8-1978 - Electrical Guide for Control Centers vi) ISA-71.01-1985 - Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control Systems: Temperature and Humidity vii) ISA-71.02-1991 - Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control Systems: Power viii) ANSI/ISA-71.03-1995 - Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control Systems: Mechanical Influences ix) ISA S 71.04 - Environmental Conditions

1.3.7

Power Plant Facilities: i) ISA-RP77.60.02-2000 - Fossil Fuel Power Plant HumanMachine Interface: Alarms ii) ISA-TR77.60.04-1996 - Fossil Fuel Power Plant HumanMachine Interface-TFT Displays iii) ISA-RP77.60.05-2001 - Fossil Fuel Power Plant HumanMachine Interface: Task Analysis iv) ISA-77.41-1992 - Fossil Fuel Power Plant Boiler Combustion Controls v) ANSI/ISA-77.42.01-1999 - Fossil Fuel Power Plant Feedwater Control System Drum-Type vi) ANSI/ISA-77.43.01-1994 (R2002) - Fossil Fuel Power Plant Unit/Plant Demand Development-Drum Type vii) ANSI/ISA-77.44.01-2000 - Fossil Fuel Plant Steam Temperature Control System (Drum-Type)

1.3.8

Symbols and General Terminology: i) ISA-S 5.1-1984 - (R1992) - Instrumentation Symbols and Identification ii) ISA-S 5.2-1976 - (R1992) - Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations iii) ISA-5.3-1983 - Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic, and Computer Systems iv) ISA-5.4-1991 - Instrument Loop Diagrams v) ISA-5.5-1985 - Graphic Symbols for Process Displays vi) 39ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 (R1993) Process Instrumentation Terminology

1.3.9

Instrument Switches and Contacts

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i) Contact rating - AC services NEMA ICS Part-2 125, A600 ii) Contact rating - DC services NEMA ICS Part-2-125, N600. 1.3.10 Enclosures i) ii) iii) 1.3.11 Types of enclosures - NEMA Std. ICS-6-110.15 through 110.22 (Type 4 to 13). Racks, panels, and associated equipment - EIA: RS-310-B (ANSI C83.9 - 1972) Degree of protection of Enclosed Equipments IS-13947, Part 1/ IEC 529.

Apparatus, enclosures and installation practices in hazardous areas i) ii) iii) iv) v) Classification of hazardous area - NFPA Art. 500, Vol.701984. Electrical Instruments in hazardous dust locations - ISA-RP 12.11 Intrinsically safe apparatus - NFPA Art.493 Vol.4.1978 Electrical Apparatus for explosive gas atmosphere IEC 60079 Purged and pressurized enclosure for electrical equipment in hazardous location - NFPA Art. 496 1982.

1.3.12

Sampling System i) Water and Steam in power cycle - ASME PTC 19.11.

1.3.13

Annunciators i) ii) Specifications and guides for the use of general purpose Annunciators - ISA RP 19.1-1979.Surge withstand capability tests - ANSI C.37.90a - 1974 and IEEE std. 472-1974 ANSI/ISA-18.1-1979 - (R1992) - Annunciator Sequences and Specifications

1.3.14

Interlocks, Protections i) ii) iii) iv) v) Relays and relay system associated with electric power apparatus - IEEE std.3.13. Surge withstand capability tests - ANSI C.37.90a - 1974 and IEEE Std. 472-1974. General requirements & tests for switching devices for control and auxiliary circuits including contactor relays - IS13947, Part 5/Section 1, 2004/IEC60947-5-1 (2000). Turbine water damage prevention - ASME - TDP-1980. Boiler safety interlocks - NFPA Section 85

1.3.15

Process Connection and Piping: i) As per main process piping, fittings and valve specifications.

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1.3.16

Instrument Tubing i) As per main process piping, fittings and valve specifications.

1.3.17

Cables i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) xiv) xv) Thermocouple extension wires/cables - ANSI C 96.1 - 1982. Instrumentation Cable BS 5308 part II, Specification of PVC insulated cables Oxygen index and temperature index test - ASTM D-2863. Smoke generation test - ASTMD-2843 and ASTME-662. Acid gas generation test - IEC-754-1. Swedish chimney test - SEN - 4241475 (F3) Specification for PVC insulated (heavy-duty) electric cables. IS 1554, Parts 1&2 Recommended current ratings for electric cables IS-3961, Parts-2&5. PVC insulation and sheath of electric cables-IS-5831 Conductors for insulated electric cables and flexible cords IS8130 Methods of tests for cables, IS-10810 PVC insulated cables for working voltage up to 1.1 kV, IS-694 Mild steel wires, formed wires and tapes for armouring cables, IS-3975 Conductors of insulated cables. Guide to the dimensional limits of circular conductors, IEC 228 Calculation of the continuous Current Rating of Cables (100% Load Factor), IEC 287

1.3.18

Cable Trays, Conduits i) ii) Galvanizing of Carbon steel cable trays - ASTM A-386-78. Specification for Conduits and fittings, IS-9537, part 1 & 2, latest revision

1.3.19

Control Valve i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) ANSI/ISA-75.01.01 - Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves ANSI/ISA-75.02-1996 Control Valve Capacity Test Procedures ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000 - Control Valve Terminology ANSI/ISA-75.11.01-1985 (R2002) Inherent Flow Characteristic and Range ability of Control Valves ISA-75.17-1989 - Control Valve Aerodynamic Noise Prediction ANSI/ISA-75.19.01-2001 - Hydrostatic Testing of Control Valves ISA-RP75.21-1989 - (R1996) - Process Data Presentation for Control Valves ISA-RP75.23-1995 - Considerations for Evaluating Control Valve Cavitation ANSI/ISA-75.25.01-2000 - Test Procedure for Control Valve Response Measurement from Step Inputs

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1.3.20

ANSI/ISA-TR75.25.02-2000 Control Valve Response Measurement from Step Inputs xi) ANSI/ISA-93.00.01-1999 - Standard Method for the Evaluation of External Leakage of Manual and Automated On-Off Valves xii) ISA-20-1981 - Specification Forms for Process Measurement and Control Instruments, Primary Elements, and Control Valves xiii) ANSI B 16.104 - Valves Seat Leakage xiv) ISA-37.12-1982 - (R1995) - Specifications and Tests for Potentiometer Displacement Transducers xv) ISA-RP42.00.01-2001 - Nomenclature for Instrument Tube Fittings ISA 75.01 - Flow Equation of control valves. Flow Element x) i. ISO 5167/ ASME MFC 3M/PTC 19.5 /BS 1042 Measurement of fluid flow by means of orifice plates, nozzles, venturi tubes inserted in circular cross section conduit.

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