/

-




:
-1 .
-2 .

.
digestion swallowing Softening
Grinding HCl

.


.


.


:
- :Digestive canal

:
:Beak beak



45
.
:Mouth salivary glands tongue
saliva ptyalin

 chewing
.
taste buds 24
12 .
:Pharynx Oropharynx
Nasopharynx .
:Esophagus and crop
crop 25 100
.
mucous glands
.
upper esophagus lower esophagus
.
Crop

Bisaccular .




Crop milk
1.5-1 .
:Proventriculus = True stomach

30/ 6-5/
pH .2-1



.
:Ventriculus = Muscular stomach = Gizzard 5 2.5



20


grinding
%10

100 150 .
:Small intestine

120.

.
villi

.

secretin . cholcystokinin
duodenum jejunum ileum
.
:Duodenum U 20



.
: . : . :

7 :1
8 :1
10 :1
11 :1
19 :1
12 :1

:Large intestine 10-7 ) (%5 %1 14

ceca rectum . cloaca

 : 10 30
24 ) (%13-5 183 ) (%8

Microflora


5.6 6.5
) ( 6 8

villi .
Rectum 6 10 1 1.5 .
:Cloaca vent
) ( ) (
)(
.
) (pH :

4.3
4.9
6.0
4.5

4.8
3.4
4.7
4.4

2.0
2.3
2.2
2.6

5.2-5.4
6.0-6.2
5.8-6.5
5.7-6.0

5.3-5.9
6.1-6.9
6.7-7.0
5.8-6.4

5.4
6.7
6.5
6.3

5.9
5.9
5.7

3.12
3.46
3.2
2.27
3.13
7-8

- :
:Liver ) two lobes (
3 %4


.
Gall Bladder

.
Bile Gall Bladder


5.9 7.7 biliverdin bilirubin
14.7 .
:Pancreas
40

.Common pappila
6.8 -6.4
.


.


.
:
1 Pancreatic amylase .
2 .
3 lipase
.
4 RNA & DNA .

trypsinogen
.

.
) (
) ( .

+
+
+ +

+

+
+

:
:
. . . :Absorption
absorption

Simple diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion
.
:


.

 :

.
:
...
.
:

.