Sean Li Math 7370 Notes Spring 2013 Algebraic Number Theory Lecture 13 2/18/13 C We know that Tr(R) Z and

and Tr(R) Q. That Tr(R) Z follows immediately from the following: Proposition. If A is a UFD then A is integrally closed in its eld of fractions. Proof. Let F be the eld of fractions of A. Consider a b where
a b n

+ + c0 = 0

F in lowest terms and a, b, ci A. Multiply out by bn an + cn1 ban1 + + c0 bn = 0.

If there is a prime such that |b and |an , which implies |a, this contradicts lowest terms. This implies A is integrally closed. Theorem. R is nitely generated as a Z-module.

a b

being in

r Proof. Every element of F can be written of the form x = d where r R, d Z. R contains a Q-basis {e1 , . . . , en } of F . Let M = Z e1 Z en . Clearly R M . Taking duals, we have M R R. Since M is a nitely generated Z-module and R is a submodule of a nitely generated module, then R is also nitely generated. Using the trace allows us to identify these duals with subsets of F .

This also implies that R satises the ascending chain condition, so it is Noetherian.