Peranan Mangrove Dalam Mendukung Budidaya Perikanan

Tinjauan dari sisi Standardisasi Produk Udang, Kualitas Lingkungan dan Perubahan Iklim
Oleh Nyoman Suryadiputra

TOPIK BAHASAN Persebaran Mangrove di Indonesia & Permasalahannya Peranan Mangroves dalam Konteks Perubahan Iklim (Mitigasi & Adaptasi) & Blue karbon Peranan Mangrove dalam Sertifikasi Produk Udang & Kesehatan Lingkungan

COASTAL WETLANDS IN INDONESIA

values and benefits, threats and measures to protect and restore them

Components: Estuaries, Coral reefs, Seagrass beds, Ponds, fresh/ brackish water and peat swamps, beach forests, Mangroves, Lagoons, Bays
Mountain
Removal of upland forests threatened downstream livelihood & fishery

The Coastal Zonestored & sequestered C but it also sources of C

Upland Lowland
Shrimp ponds

Inter-tidal wetlands: 40 mill ha Mangrove

Near Shore
Sea grass

Off Shore

River

Peatland, freshwater swamps

lagoon
Rice fields Estuary

Coral Reefs
Salt pans

presure

Tsunami & Climate change : More pressure activities towards inland

mudflat

Distribusi Mangrove di Indonesia *)

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Region Sumatera Kalimantan Java and Bali Nusa Tenggara Sulawesi Maluku Irian Jaya Total Original size (ha) 857,000 1,092,000 171,500 38,600 272,500 197,500 4,129,000 6,758,100 Fish Ponds/ Tambak (ha) 43,514 9,370 109,013 5,207 82,394 68 68 249,634 Remaining (ha) 485,025 353,450 19,577 25,300 97,902 100,000 2,450,185 3,441,439 Protected (ha) 61,900 78,000 2,600 2,500 6,300 21,500 680,900 853,700

*) Sumber : Wetland Data Base 1997. Wetlands International Indonesia Programme PPSDALBakosurtanal (2009) : Total Indonesias Mangrove = 3,244,018 Ha)

Spalding M., et al., 2010 in the World Atlas of Mangroves (Indonesia was reported to have 3,189,359 Ha

Distribusi Mangrove di Jawa (1997)

Provinces in Java Kondisi / Conditions of Mangrove Kerusakan tinggi/ severely degraded Jawa Barat/ West 66.873 Java (incl Banten (52 %) & Jakarta) Jawa Tengah/Central Java 61.194 (64 %) Kerusakan Sedang/ moderately degraded 61.346 (47 %) 31.237 (33 %) 40.409 (41 %) 132.992 (42 %) Baik/ good conditio n 77,03 (0,06 %) 2.906 (3 %) 0 (0 %) 2.983,03 (0,9 %) Luas /Area Mangrove (ha) 128.297 Luas Tambak/ Ponds Area (ha) 43.022 (33,5 %) 29.665 (31 %) 58,843 (60 %) 131.530 (41 %) *

95.338

Jawa Timur/East 57.302 Java (59 %) Luas total 185.369 (57 %)

97.712 321.347

PPSDALBakosurtanal (2009) : Total Indonesias Mangrove = 3,244,018 Ha) Spalding M., et al., 2010 in the World Atlas of Mangroves (Indonesia was reported to have 3,189,359 Ha
*) if sylvo-fishery adopted about 26 million ton CO2 can be sequestered in 10 yrs

Luas Tambak di Indonesia

250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0

Total Brackish water Ponds in Indonesia 438.010 ha

RTP (Unit) Luas tambak (Ha) Produksi (Ton)
Nusa Tenggara Jawa Sumatera Kalimantan Sulawesi Papua Bali

Maluku

Sumber: DKP - Direktorat Perikanan Budidaya (2004)

Total Present Mangrove area : 3.2 Million Ha from previously 7.2 Million Ha

Penyebab Berkurangnya Luasan Mangrove di Indonesia

Alih Fungsi (tambak, infrastruktur publik, jalan raya, bangunan, pertanian, perkebunan etc) Bencana alam (subsidense dan terangkat, tsunami, erosi substrat, dll) Restorasi Kurang Tepat (pembangunan sea wall, jetty/wave breaker/pemecah gelombang) Kurang pemahaman akan Nilai (stok karbon, biodiversity, produktivitas alami, perlindungan pantai dll) Isue kebijakan dan penegakan hukum (sabuk hijau, tata ruang dll)

Alih Fungsi Mangrove untuk berbagai keperluan

MANGROVE CLEARING IN DELTA MAHAKAM FOR TAMBAK SHRIMP POND - 2001

Mangrove conversion into saltpans in Eretan Kulon

ABRASION ALONG THE ERETAN KULON COAST- INDRAMAYU DAMAGING SHRIMP PONDS - 2000

Abrasi di Muara Gembong

N

Landsat 3 Mei 1989

Ikonos 12 Juni 2003

Perbandingan keadaan kawasan di Muara Gembong dan sekitarnya pada tahun 1989 (Kiri) dan tahun 2003 (kanan). Lingkaran merah menunjukkan kawasan yang mengalami abrasi sangat parah.

Conversion to shrimp ponds : Muara Gembong ?

Photo taken by Yus Rusila Noor, WIIP (Jakarta Bay 2010)

LUAHA TALU/ Laguna Teluk Belukar : PENGAMBILAN PASIR LAUT Water Surface area Laguna = 47,4 ha ; max depth 14 m Area of mangrove = 66 ha Salinitas: 30ppt (0,1-2,5m) - 35ppt (at > 13 m) 20 true mangrove species, 8 mammals, 49 birds species threatened by land 33 speculators, road construction, sand mining etc

Man-made disaster

Bencana Alam Tsunami di Aceh Des 2004

Up Lifted Substrate (above) & Subsided (below)

Mangrove removal due to behaviour of sea Current

Sebelum tsunami 2004 (Foto diambil 2003)

New settlement

Bukit temega

400 m loss (2km length)

Setelah tsunami 2004 (Foto diambil 2007)

Pembangunan Sea Wall

Pemecah Gelombang di Lham Dingin Aceh dibangun setelah Tsunami

~ 16 km length.

Banjir di Lham Dingin setelah dibangunnya Sea Wall

The sea wall

LhamDingin 11 September 2005

Lham Dingin 17 September 2005

Abrasi Pesisir di Candi Dasa Bali : ganti dengan batu-batu

Coastal abrasion in Candi Dasa Bali due to coral reefs removal

Artificial wave breaker to mitigate coastal abrasionSpoilt the beauty of Candi dasa beach

Nilai Jasa Lingkungan & Ekonomi Mangrove

Provisioning services A.1 Perikanan A.2 Kayu dan Non Kayu (madu dll) B Regulating services/ Jasa pengatur B.1 Pengatur Iklim Micro B.2 Pengendali Pencemaran B.3 Pertahanan Alami terhadap Bencana & Hankamrata C. Cultural services / Jasa budaya C.1 Eco-wisata C.2 Pendidikan D Supporting services D.1 Jasa Nutrisi D.2 Biodiversity pool

Data Oceanografi & Penanaman bakau

50cm 120cm Estimasi pasang tertinggi = 1,1 m

Estimasi MSL = 0,7 m

Estimasi surut terendah 0,1 m

Tanam bakau di pulau buatan Teluk Jakarta

Mangrove dan Perubahan Iklim

Nilai Simpanan Karbon Yang Tinggi
Perusakan dan degradasi ekosistem mangrove diperkirakan menghasilkan hingga 10 % dari emisi deforestasi global. Padahal, luas hutan mangrove hanya 0,7 % dari hutan tropis. Indonesia memiliki 3,2 juta hektar mangrove atau 22,6 % mangrove dunia. (CIFOR & USDA 2011)

Mangroves are among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, containing on average 1,023Mg ( = 1023 ton ) carbon per hectare. (CIFOR April 2011, Nature Geoscience)

Apa yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya pemanasan global

Disebabkan oleh peningkatan jumlah Gas Rumah Kaca, diantaranya yaitu : karbondioksida (CO2), metana (CH4), dinitro oksida (N20), hidrufluorokarbon (HFC), perfluorokarbon (PFC) dan sulfurheksafluorida (SF6). Diakibatkan oleh pembakaran bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi/batu bara), penggundulan & kebakaran hutan, pertanian (penggunaan pupuk kimia).

Alternatif penyimpanan CO2

Serap oleh tanaman lalu tersimpan dalam biomasa tanaman Memasukkan CO2 ke dalam tanah (contoh pada Enhanced Oil Recovery di sumursumur minyak yang telah berproduksi. Simpan CO2 ke bawah dasar lautan > 3000m (karena suhu dingin dan tekenan besar BJ CO2 akan jadi > BJ air) Mineral karbonisasi, yatu dengan mereaksikan CO2 dengan Mg atau Ca oksida sehingga mampu menghasilkan mineral-mineral karbonat.

Coastal restoration: soft, hard & Hybrid Engineering

Tehnik Rehabilitasi : ECO ENGINEERING MALAYSIA

2000

Vegetated coir rolls laid out on site

DEFINITION OF BLUE CARBON *)

Blue carbon is the carbon stored, sequestered and released from coastal ecosystems including tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Blue carbon in this report and context does not include carbon stored, sequestered and released by the open ocean and closely related ecosystems and organisms. Blue carbon activities refer to a suite of coastal ecosystems management activities which result in avoided emissions from conversion and degradation, conservation, coastal management and restoration of coastal ecosystems (enhancement of carbon stocks through restoration and/or afforestation/reforestation)
*IUCN & CI: International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group held from 12-14 July 2011 at CIs headquarters in Arlington, VA

Carbon cycle and its movements

Carbon doesnt stay in one place. It is always on the move! Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants Carbon moves from plants to animals Carbon moves from plants and animals to the ground Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when fuels are burned

Bagaimana Budidaya Tambak membantu meredam perubahan iklim

Vegetation surrounding and within the pond (eg mangrove) Artificial Feed (pellet) Phytoplankton, algae & aquatic plants Water (intake) Diffusion from air Respiration & decomposition , etc As the results to above : Water Quality deterioration and Siltation Siltation is overcome by regularly removing the carbon rich pond sediment (0.37 4.2 ton Carbon/Ha/Yr) Water Quality is improved, e.g. by: aeration and regular replacement of old water

DRR

A model being promoted in Aceh

Sylvo-fishery: DRR + Livelihood + Mitigate CC

Roles of mangrove trees in pond area

prevent soil slides from dykes (water quality control), biodiversity, shade, organic fertilizer, support green belt, climate mitigation & adaptation etc.

Silvo-fishery pond- Pemalang, Central Java

Proses perombakan limbah organik pada kolam fakultatif dan Peranan Fitoplankton dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim

CO2 absorption Drop into water/ sink to bottom Microbial Reaction (bacteria, yeasts, fungi) Decomposition Process Breaking down into smaller particles Food for estuarine organisms (Prawns, fishes, crabs) molluscs

O2 released

Carbon Cycle in coastal mangrove ecosystem

Carbon sink
Part of OM preserved at the bottom. Carbon stores

Marshy soil enriched with detritus

Used by other lower organisms (plankton)

To the Sea

Nutrient regeneration and recycling

Part of OM preserved at the bottom. Carbon stores

SABUK HIJAU KAWASAN CAGAR ALAM PULAU DUA Perda Kota Serang No. 6 Th. 2011
Cagar Alam Pulau Dua

Sabuk Hijau

PEMERINTAH KOTA SERANG

BAPPEDA KOTA SERANG

Masterplan Banten Waterfront City

500 Ha kawasan hijau, potensial 511,500 ton carbon Atau 1,877,205 ton CO2

Konsep Awal CULTURALPARKRESORTWISATAKULINERREKREASIAIRPELABUANHUNIANMIX-USE CAGARBUDAYAMARINA

PICTORIALS at BB-COP sites, 6 months old trees (photo taken in April 2010)

Gubug Pancing di Teluk Banten

Perangkap Lumpur di depan CA Pulau Dua

Foto Juni 2012

Pembangunan fasilitas objek wisata oleh masyarakat di Hutan Mangrove Ds Reroreja, Kab Sikka NTT

SK Bupati Sikka No 263/HK/2012 terkait Perlindungan Kawasan Mangrove

Presentasi selanjutnya terkait pemetaan Mangrove di Pulau Flores oleh Sdr Aswin Rahadian

Aceh : Green Coast project 2005 -2009

Cemara Laut, umur 3 tahun : 46,749 kg C (46,7 ton) /2,5 ha. (Atau 18.7 ton C/ 1Ha dalam 3 tahun). Mangrove, umur 3 tahun : 1,26 ton/ 1 Ha dalam 3 tahun

www.wetlands.org/greencoast/en or www.wetlands.or.id .

Indonesia Shrimp Aquaculture

Bisnis udang nasional mencapai US$ 1 milliar per tahun, sebagian besar ekspor untuk konsumen Jepang, Eropa, 1970s: commercial shrimp farming started (1970s) Amerika Booming 1980s/1990s to meet demand US, EU & Japan Pendekatanshrimp, Monodon) nasional juga menimbulkan (Black tiger budidaya udang persoalan keamanan pangan, dampak lingkungan, perubahan Booming 2000s of Vannameiisu-isu sosial. iklim dan Disisi Indonesia shrimp export is Amerika, Jepang) semakin Now, lain, konsumen (Eropa, worth of US$ 1 billion per memperhatikan masalah keamanan pangan dan menerapkan year. standard yang harus diikuti produsen jika produknya However, shrimp culture diterima. public (consumer) practices raise concern over food safety, environmental impact, and social Standard ini semakin diperluas, kini mencakup isu sosial dan unrest. lingkungan. Various activities have been done to address the concern, Salah satu bentuk standar tersebut disusun dalam including Good Aquaculture Practices standard (CBIB) mekanisme sertifikasi developed by government.

Certification
Consumers demand safer product: (1) food safety; (2) farms environmental impact; (3) farms social impact 385 existing certification systems, incl. FT, organic, eco- , etc. In aquaculture there are 27 (..we identified so far) Two of these were selected in RSCIP: 1. GlobalGAP: non-Multi Stakeholder, third party (assessor), no label, food safety oriented 2. Aquaculture Stewardship Council: Multi Stakeholder, third party (assessor), label, environment and social impact oriented

Seven ASC PRINCIPLES

Principle 1: National laws and local regulations Principle 2: Farm siting Principle 3: Surrounding communities Principle 4: Responsible labor practices Principle 5: Manage shrimp health Principle 6: Broodstock origin, stock selection and effects of stock management Principle 7: Use resources in an environmentally efficient and responsible manner

ASC Global GAP.

ponds ponds ponds ponds River ponds ponds River ponds ponds
Mandatory green belt (Presidential Decree no 32 year 1990). Total 70 ha, existing forest < 2 ha, 70 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated by planting mangrove

River

Open Sea

Existing forested area inside farms, around 75 ha

Mandatory riparian (Ministry of Public Works Decree no 63, year 1993 ). Total 270 ha, existing forest cover 105 ha around 165 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated.

Area of mangrove need to be maintained/rehabilitated according to ASC

Area Total area of cluster (ha) % Original area of mangrove Total original area of mangrove (ha) Total area of mangrove need to be maintained/rehabilitated according to ASC (50% original area of mangrove) (ha) Areas still covered by mangrove (ha) Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation (ha)

Mahakam Delta 1318 80% 1055 527 152 376

Site Bone 630 80% 504 252 99 153

Banyuwangi 477 60% 286 143 116 27

Some Maps of Project Sites

Land cover change and carbon implication within 1990 - 2010

Site Banyuwangi 5 ton C gain /ha/year
Land cover Mangr ove Pond area C stok (ton/ha) 252 33 1990 Ha 410 Ton C 13,619 Ha 8 339 2000 Ton C 2,134 11,257 Ha 121.0 333.2 2010 Ton C 30,512 11,076

Site Bone, Sulawesi 2 ton C loss/Ha/yr

Land cover Mangr ove Pond area C stok (ton/ha) 264 40 Ha 204 487 1990 Ton C 53,985 19,496 Ha 141 512 2000 Ton C 37,199 20,488 Ha 99 515 2010 Ton C 26,180 20,613

Site Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan 11 ton C loss/Ha/Yr

Land cover Mangr ove Pond area C stok (ton/ha) 298 40 1990 Ha 1,274 Ton C 379,513 Ha 370 948 2000 Ton C 110,266 37,941 Ha 221
1097

2010 Ton C 65,763 43,922

Projection of cumulative avoided CO2 emission under scenario project within 10 years in Banyuwangi Project Area

Banyuwangi's Site Cluster area (Ha) Area of mangroves & ponds (ha) Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation to comply with ASC standart (Ha) Data & Assumption Sylvofishery development rate (ha/yr) Biomass increment (ton/ha/yr) Carbon increment (ton/ha/yr), 50% C org Carbon loss of Sediment removal (ton/ha/yr) Stock carbon pond soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) Stock carbon mangrove soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) Standing stock carbon mangrove (ton/ha) C Stock mangrove area (ton/ha) Ratio of pond bottom area & sediment removal area Rehabilitation of forest community (ha/yr) Natural mangroves expansion (ha/th) : : : 477 454 27 Value 30 14.6 7.3 -12.3 33.24 178.37 73.74 252.11 0.07 11.26 0.85 Source Assumption (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992) (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Spatial analysis, 2011) (Spatial analysis, 2011)

Projection of cumulative avoided CO2 emission under scenario project within 10 years in Bone Project Area

Bone's Site Cluster area (Ha) : 630.2 Area of mangroves & ponds (ha) : 614.0 Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation to comply with : 153.1 ASC standart (Ha) Data & Assumption Value Sylvofishery development rate (ha/yr) 50.0 Biomass increment (ton/ha/yr) 14.6 Carbon increment (ton/ha/yr), 50% C org 7.3 Carbon loss of sediment pond removal (ton/ha/yr) -18.1 Stock carbon pond soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 29.7 Stock carbon mangrove soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 178.4 Standing stock carbon mangrove (ton/ha) 86.1 C Stock mangrove area (ton/ha) 264.5 Ratio of pond area & sediment pond removal area 0.1 Deforestation, 30 %/10yr (1990-2000&2000-2010) or 4 %/yr 4.0%

Source Assumption (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992) (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Spatial analysis, 2011)

Projection of cumulative avoided CO2 emission under scenario project within 10 years in Mahakam Project Area

Delta Mahakam's Site Cluster area (Ha) : 1318 Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation to comply with : 376 ASC standart (Ha) Data & Assumption Value Sylvofishery development rate (ha/yr) 100 Biomass increment (ton/ha/yr) 14.6 Carbon increment (ton/ha/yr), 50% C org 7.3 Carbon loss of sediment pond removal (ton/ha/yr) -14.88 Stock carbon pond soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 40.02 Stock carbon mangrove soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 178.37 Standing stock carbon mangrove (ton/ha) 119.44 C Stock mangrove area (ton/ha) 297.81 Ratio of pond area & sediment pond removal area 0.02 Deforestation, 40 %/10yr (2000-2010) or 5 %/yr 5%

Source Assumption (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992) (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Field measurement, 2011) (Spatial analysis, 2011)

Wetlands International

Result of ASC and Global GAP.

Assessment

Environmental Impact
By: Dandun Sutaryo Ita Sualia Ragil Satryio Muhammad Ilman

Global GAP: Kriteria Lingkungan Secara Garis Besar

5.8 Pond Management: vegetative buffer and habitat corridor, the use of manure fertilizer, and dredged sediment disposal. 10.1 Environmental Management: waste management, and biodiversity management 10.2 Predator control 10.3 Escapes and non indigenous species 10.4 High conservation value area: siting of farm and mangrove reforestation 11.1 Water usage and disposal

Global GAP: Kriteria

Manajemen Tambak (perlindungan penyangga/ Koridor, kotoran hewan sebagai pupuk, prosedur pembuangan lumpur tambak, Pengelolaan Lingkungan (pengelolaan limbah/ sampah , apakah dibuang pada lokasi resmi, komitmen terhadap Kebijakan lingkungan dan Kenaekaragaman hayati, mematuhi UKL/UPL AMDAL, minimalisasi dampak kegiatan budidaya terhadap lingkungan, sampling sedimen dan benthos sebagai indikator lingkungan, design dan konstruksi tambak mendukung perlindungan Biodiversity, menginformasikan kepada masyarakat mengenai ada tidaknya intrusi air laut pada air tanah aibat aktivitas budidaya, penanganan terhadap predator, Kontrol Pemangsa : metode yang digunakan, apakah sesuai kebijakan yang berlaku,

Global GAP: Kriteria.. lanjutan

Lepasnya Spesies Budidaya (bukan spesies asli) ke Lingkungan : SOP untuk menghindari lepasnya spesies budidaya ke alam, upaya pencegahannya, antisipasi terhadap banjir, Area Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi: Tambak dan fasilitas lainnya tidak dibangun di Daerah Dilindungi, tidak dibangun pada daerah yang sebelumnya merupakan ekosistem mangrove, daerah pasang surut alami, atau area benilai konservasi tinggi. Jika Tambak yang dibangun antara May 1999- April 2008 berada pada kondisi di atas, maka ada upaya merehabilitasinya dalam 3 tahun. Apakah penebangan mangrove yang dilakukan untuk tujuan yang diperbolehkan, lumpur yang dikeduk tidak menimbulkan gangguan ekologi Penggunaan dan Pembuangan Air (Kualitas air baku dan air buangan sesuai baku mutu yang ditetapkan

Global GAP: Kriteria.. lanjutan

inlet dan outlet sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, memiliki panduan untuk memonitoring parameter lingkungan dan keanekaragaman hayati badan air penerima, monitoring kualitas air pada air buangan tambak dan atau pada badan air penerima, Padatan tersuspensi pada badan air penerima menjadi kriteria dalam AMDAL, air tanah yang tawar TIDAK digunakan untuk menurunkan salinitas air tambak, Limbah cair (Effluent); mengikuti baku mutu buangan limbah yang ditetapkan pemerintah, penyimpanan pupuk organik agar tidak mencemari lingkungan,

ASC: Dampak Lingkungan secara Garis Besar

2.1 Biodiversity Impact Assessment (BEIA) 2.2 Protected Area and Critical Habitat 2.3 Protected Species 2.4 Ecological Buffer, Barrier, and Corridors. 2.5 Prevention of salinization 5.2 Predator control 7.6 Effluent contaminant 7.7 Energy efficiency 7.8 Disposal handling

Hasil Analisa Global GAP Banyuwangi

Kajian dilakukan 111-14 April 2011 di Desa Tegal Pare, Kec Muncar. Budidaya udang Vennamai dan bandeng; input: pakan, pompa aerator, benih udang (20-50 ind/m2). Produksi 3-6 ton/Ha/th Lokasi tambak berada di luar kawasan lindung atau bukan kawasan dengan nilai konservasi tinggi, tidak menggunakan pupuk organik Banyuwangi (Muncar) perlu penamanan mangrove 30 Ha lagi Kedukan lumpur di letakkan di pematang, tidak ada manajemen limbah, tidak ada kebijakan pengelolaan biodiversity, tidak ada AMDAL, kontruksi tambak mencegah lepasnya udang budidaya ke alam, tidak ada ijin pengambilan air, tidak ada monitoring buangan air, butuh AMDAL keanekaragaman hayati, pencegahan masukknya predator dengan jaring/saringan Petambak butuh arahan teknis, processor bosan dengan masalah sertifikasi

ASC Global GAP.

ponds ponds ponds ponds River ponds ponds River ponds ponds
Mandatory green belt (Presidential Decree no 32 year 1990). Total 70 ha, existing forest < 2 ha, 70 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated by planting mangrove

River

Open Sea

Existing forested area inside farms, around 75 ha

Mandatory riparian (Ministry of Public Works Decree no 63, year 1993 ). Total 270 ha, existing forest cover 105 ha around 165 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated.

Tons CO2 gained in each pond cluster (total area & annual gained)
MAHAKAM LHOKSEUMAWE BONE BANYUWANGI BULUNGAN

Ton CO2 @Mahakam (340 ha)

Ton CO2 Ton CO2 Ton CO2 @Lhokseuma @Lhokseum Ton CO2 @Mahakam we (90 ha) at awe (90 ha) @Bone (290 (340 ha) /years n-year /years ha) at n-year

Ton CO2 Ton CO2 @Banyuwangi Ton CO2 @Bone (290 (30 ha) at n- @Banyuwangi ha) /years year (30 ha) /years

Ton CO2 @Bulungan (130 ha) at nyear

Ton CO2 @Bulungan (130 ha) /years

87.42 463.21 2,050.35 4,261.25 8,524.94 16,025.21 42,859.56 66,770.23 95,178.73 124,192.35 140,475.98

87.42 375.79 1,587.14 2,210.89 4,263.69 7,500.27 26,834.35 23,910.67 28,408.50 29,013.62 16,283.63

23.14 122.62 542.74 1,127.98 2,256.60 4,241.97 11,345.18 17,674.47 25,194.37 32,874.45 37,184.82

23.14 99.47 420.13 585.24 1,128.62 1,985.37 7,103.21 6,329.29 7,519.90 7,680.08 4,310.37

74.57 395.09 1,748.83 3,634.59 7,271.27 13,668.56 36,556.68 56,951.08 81,181.85 105,928.77 119,817.75

74.57 320.53 1,353.74 1,885.76 3,636.68 6,397.29 22,888.12 20,394.39 24,230.78 24,746.91 13,888.98

7.71 40.87 180.91 375.99 752.20 1,413.99 3,781.73 5,891.49 8,398.12 10,958.15 12,394.94

7.71 33.16 140.04 195.08 376.21 661.79 2,367.74 2,109.76 2,506.63 2,560.03 1,436.79

33.43 177.11 783.96 1,629.30 3,259.54 6,127.29 16,387.48 25,529.79 36,391.87 47,485.31 53,711.40

33.43 143.68 606.85 845.34 1,630.23 2,867.75 10,260.19 9,142.31 10,862.07 11,093.44 6,226.09

160.000,00 140.000,00 120.000,00 100.000,00 80.000,00 60.000,00 40.000,00 20.000,00 -

Side income for shrimp farmers from Carbon markets

Fig. Tons CO2 gained at 11 years (blue) and annually (red) gained from Mahakan ponds area (340 ha)
Series1 Series2

1 1.400,00 1.200,00 1.000,00 800,00 600,00 400,00 200,00 1

10

11

Fig. Annual gained (in USD/Ha/year) from mangrove rehabilitation

Series1

10

11

Some Maps of Project Sites

KESIMPULAN dan SARAN

1. Penerapan tambak tumpang sari akan bermanfaat dalam berbagai hal (Pengurangan Resiko Bencana, Adaptasi & Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim/ penyerap karbon, Habitat baru bagi satwa liar, menciptakan alternatif lapangan kerja, ekowisata dll). Juga mendukung program sertifikasi udang ASC maupun Global GAP Untuk keberlanjutan penyelenggaraan tambak tumpang sari, dapat diperkuat dengan adanya kejelasan status lahan, integrasi ke dalam Tata Ruang Wilayah, adanya Perda dll Rencana pengembangan Water Front City di Kota Serang yang diintegrasikan dengan pengembangan kawasan hijau pantai (dirumuskan dalam Perda Kota Serang No. 6 Th. 2011 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Serang Th. 2010-2030) dapat ditiru dalam pengembangan kota- kota pesisir di Indonesia Jika wilayah sabuk hijau di Kecamatan Kasemen (sekitar 500 ha) dapat diterapkan, maka dalam 15 tahun mendatang ia berpotensi menyerap 511,500 ton carbon atau setara 1,877,205 ton CO2. Kondisi demikian akan mendukung program RAD GRK kota Serang

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Terima Kasih

THANK YOU

Measuring Carbon in Lham Ujong - Aceh

Total amount of carbon gained = 73 ton C or 268 t CO2 (3 years)