Annotated Bibliography Nick Moeller

Primary Sources Databases

Rockfell, Jim. "Penicillin G - Compound Summary." PubChem. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. <http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5904>. This helped me by showing the molecules and ingredients in Penicillin.

Newspaper Articles
Bakalar, Nicholas. The New York Times. The New York Times, 24 Feb. 2009. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/health/24firs.html>. This article was about how penicillin affects us today.

Photographs
1955- Alexander Fleming Died. Digital image. March 11 Science History. N.p., 3 May 2006. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. <http://chemistry.about.com/od/marchinscience/tp/march11history.htm>. This was a picture of Alexander Fleming examining a petri dish.

Alexander Fleming. Digital image. Stumbling on Greatness. N.p., 6 Aug. 2012. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bpod.mrc.ac.uk/archive/2012/8/6>. This was a picture of Alexander Fleming working in St. Marys Hospital.

Black, Christine P. Impacts of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. 1929. Photograph. Wilson Library, Minneapolis. This was a picture of WWII and a soldier being saved in a hospital in a book from the 1930s.

Kappel, Donald. The Soldiers. Digital image. WESTOX. N.p., 7 Nov. 2007. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. This is one of the most popular images of a wounded soldier suffering from an infection after a gunshot.

Ludwij, Bridgette. Hospital filled with patients from war. Digital image. Medical Treatment. N.p., 8 Dec. 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://worldwaric.blogspot.com/2012/10/medical-treatment.html>. This was a digital image of a hospital in Britain filled with over 200 patients waiting to receive medical treatment.

Penicillin Drug. 1923. Photograph. Penicillin. 3 Sept. 1975. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. <http://www.drugs.com/penicillin.html>. This showed me a picture of the penicillin drug.

Shcliggie. Fleming, Florey, Chain. 1979. Photograph. Makefive. 14 Aug. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. <http://www.makefive.com/categories/debate/social-change/most-important-nobelprize-laureates/fleming-chain-florey---medicine---1945>. This was a photo of Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey, and Ernst Chain in a collage.

Thanks to Penicillin... He Will Come Home! 1943. Photograph. Smithsonian Museum, Washington D.C. Mass Production of Penicillin. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. <http://ncmuseumofhistory.org/exhibits/healthandhealing/topic/16/>. This is one of the most famous photographs of Penicillin, it is a advertisement of giving the families back home a glimmer of hope knowing that their loved ones are being treated with good Medical Care.

Secondary Sources Books

De, La Bdoyre, Guy. The Discovery of Penicillin. Milwaukee, WI: World Almanac Library, 2006. Print. This book showed me the use and how they make the drug of penicillin.

Giblin, James, and Erik Brooks. Did Fleming Rescue Churchill?: A Research Puzzle. New York: Henry Holt, 2008. Print. This book was about the ways Alexander Fleming rescued Winston Chruchill from a bog and with penicillin.

Reynolds, Edward T. "The Most Dynamic Drug Ever!" The Miracle Drug. Charleston: n.p., 1985. N. pag. Print.

One of the chapters from this book gave me a lot of details into how the drug helped us in the war.

Encyclopedia
Hodges, Michael. "Encyclopedia Britannica Online." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. This encyclopedia was about the story of Alexander Fleming and how penicillin came into our system.

Markowitz, S. M. "ResearchGate." ResearchGate. N.p., 6 June 2002. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19168294_Effect_of_Lcysteine_on_the_activity_of_penicillin_antibiotics_against_Clostridium_difficile>. This encyclopedia talked about the effects of L-cysteine on the activity of penicillin against Clostridium difficile.

Newspaper Articles
1955: Farewell to Scientist Who Discovered Penicillin." BBC News. N.p., 11 Mar. 2001. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538043.st m> This showed me the effect Fleming had on society after his death.

Anderson, Tim. "Discovered Penicillin - the Mold That Turned into the First Antibiotic."Science Heroes. N.p., 14 May 2003. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://scienceheroes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=159&Itemi d=158>. This article had a written summary of Flemings life.

Bellis, Mary. "The History Of Penicillin." About.com Inventors. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Penicillin.htm>. This article was about the history of penicillin and how it was discovered.

Howard, Scripps. "Antibiotic." Articles about. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://articles.chicagotribune.com/keyword/penicillin>. This was about the effects of penicillin.

Kahrs, Bob. "Ask Dr. Bob: Antibiotics and Antibacterials." St. Augustine Record. N.p., 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://staugustine.com/living/health/2012-10-17/ask-dr-bobantibiotics-and-antibacterials>. This Article helped me get more information on the effect on anti-biotics.

"Scientists Search for New Ways to Treat Infection." Voice of America. N.p., 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/scientists-search-for-newways-to-treat-infection/1529749.html>.

This showed me the usage nurses and doctors had on infections before penicillin.

Videos
About.com. Dir. William Morgan. About.com. N.p., 5 Apr. 1995. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. <http://video.about.com/inventors/Alexander-Fleming-s-Discovery-of-Penicillin.htm>. This was a video of a documentary of Alexander Flemings life.

The Discovery of Penicillin. Science Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. <http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100-greatestdiscoveries-the-discovery-of-penicillin.htm>. This documentary was a 2 minute summary of the Historical Context involving penicillin.

"Modern Marvels." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Feb.-Mar. 2001. Web. 28 Jan. 2013 http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/videos/inventions-of-war-penicillin>. This was a short documentary explaining how penicillin became available to the masses.

Websites
"Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/fleming_alexander.shtml>. This helped me by telling me about his ethnic background and what he did to revolutionize what we have today.

"Alexander Fleming Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-fleming-9296894>. This showed me the story on Alexander Flemings life.

"Alexander Fleming." Biography, Facts and Quotes. N.p., 12 May 2012. Web. 14 Feb. 2013. <http://famousscientist.net/alexander-fleming>. This website is where I got most of my quotes off of.

Eickhoff, Theodore C. "Penicillin: An Accidental Discovery Changed the Course of Medicine." Endocrine Today. N.p., Aug. 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. This website talked about how penicillin is now the most popular antibiotic in the world.

Harris, Henry. "The Discovery of Penicillin Dunn School of Pathology." The Discovery of Penicillin Dunn School of Pathology. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. <http://www.path.ox.ac.uk/contact/Penicillin>. This helped me by giving me a brief summary of what Penicillin actually was.

"How Penicillin Kills Bacteria." How Penicillin Kills Bacteria. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.cellsalive.com/pen.htm>. This website showed me how penicillin kills bacteria.

Last, John M. "Penicillins." Enotes.com. Enotes.com, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.enotes.com/penicillins-reference/penicillin-173420>. This website was about a summary of how penicillin was discovered.

Williams, Thomas M. "Penicillin." - RightDiagnosis.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/treat/penicillin.htm>. This website showed me the groups of which penicillin is formed by 6 amino acid.

Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Alexander Fleming Discovers Penicillin (Page 2)." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. <http://history1900s.about.com/od/medicaladvancesissues/a/penicillin_2.htm>. This website told me who Alexander Fleming was and how he contributed to the study Penicillin.

"Penicillin: The First Miracle Drug." Penicillin: The First Miracle Drug. Ed. Patricia Rogers. N.p., 6 Dec. 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. This website explained the reasoning of why and how penicillin was created on accident.