VEC CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL REACTIONS LABS (artifact-40 pts)

Name: ____________________________ Period: 1 2 4 6 8 Group: K L M N O P

Name of Group Leader: __________________________________

PRELAB INSTRUCTIONS
SAFETY PROTOCOLS: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Before going into the lab, look at any chemicals that are being used for the experiment; research them on the MSDS sheets and design the safety protocols for your group insofar as use of goggles, gloves, aprons and other safety equipment. You must brief this to the teacher prior to entering the lab. All routine safety protocols are in effect, i.e., no running, horseplay, food, etc Clean-up is 50 % of your grade. All questions are to be routed through the lab group leaders and the group leader will approach the teacher with any questions. Collaboration between groups is permitted, but only through the group leaders. Disposition of materials instructions will be provided by the teacher, normally in writing. Insure you check on disposition instructions prior to flushing any waste products or throwing them in the trash can.

ARTIFACT GUIDELINES
The following guidelines are given for consideration for inclusion in presenting your artifacts. Remember one third of your grade will be self evaluation; one third peer evaluation and one third teacher evaluation. An evaluation rubric will be provided at the time of presentation.

1 2 3 4

Objective: What are you trying to accomplish? How will you know if you are successful or not? Safety Protocols: You may cover them for each separate lab or collectively; however make sure any of the pictures and videos you use show that you are following the safety protocols. Materials & Equipment Procedures: Make sure you record each step using a combination of written instructions; pictures; videos and any combination thereof. Results/Calculations/Data Presentation: Make sure you show your calculations, using your raw data, not simply the results of your calculations. If you are using equations, make sure they are balanced and use proper nomenclature; i.e. carbon dioxide is CO2 not CO2. If you have any graphs, include them and if you can present your results using any form of graph (pie chart, columns, etc) you can earn extra credit. Conclusions: What did your results prove? What did you learn from this lab? Answer any of the short answer questions that are on your lab sheet & include it in your presentation.

Sources of error: If your results are "off", why do you think they are off (human error, defective equipment, poor measuring, etc) ? What would you do different if you did this lab again. Give your percent error (include the math & calculations) if your lab will allow you to do this. Pizzazz: It is more important to cover all of the information than it is to worry about being pretty or having music, etc; however, those can enhance your presentation. You must include at least one imbedded video for each separate activity. Make sure your videos are relevant and explanatory in nature; however, humor can also enhance a presentation.

Engage: 1 Observe what happens when these two liquids (NH OH + CuSO ) are mixed. 4 4 Write down your observations:

What do you think happened? Why?

Elaborate 1:

Brief explanation of five reaction types: Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Combustion

Lab #1:
Explore/Explain 1:

Burning Magnesium Oxide - Lab I

Introduction: The primary objective of this experiment is to determine what type of reaction occurs when you burn magnesium oxide. Secondarily, you will also learn how to determine the empirical formula of the product produced from this reaction and how to calculate its' percent composition. Safety: Standard safety protocols Safety goggles Do not look directly at the bright ligh emitted when the Mg flashes. Disposition instructions: You may rinse everything down the drain. Crucible w/lid Bunsen burner Crucible tongs Clay triangle Electronic scale Magnesium Ribbon Matches or striker Wire gauze

Materials:

Procedures:

1. Place the clean and dry crucible and cover on a clay triangle and heat strongly for 5 mins to drive off any volatile material. 2. While the crucible is heating, take one of the pre-cut magnesium ribbons and take the mass. 3. Using crucible tongs, remove the crucible and cover from the clay triangle and place them on a wire gauze to cool. 4. Take the mass of the crucible after it cools. 5. Coil the magnesium ribbon very loosely and place on the bottom of the crucible. Then, take the mass of the crucible with the Mg ribbon inside. 6. Place the cover on the crucible. Heat the crucible gently for 5 mins. While using the tongs to lift the cover slightly every 30 sec. to admint air. Should the Mg start glowing brightly when the cover is lifted, quickly cover the crucible, remove the bunsen burner, and wait one min before continuing toheat. 7. Heat the covered crucible strongly for 15 mins, lifting the cover occasionally. 8. Lift the cover to determine whether the ribbon has become a whitish ash. If the ribbon still has its original color, reheat for 10 mins. Repeat step 7 until the ribbon becomes a whitish ash and then allow the crucible to cool. 9. Take the mass of the crucible, lid and ash.

Record data here:

Calculations:

(must show work)

1. Calculate the mass of the Mg.

2. Calculate the mass of the magnesium oxide (end product).

3. Calculate the mass of the oxygen.

4. Calculate the percent composition of the magnesium oxide.

5. What type of reaction is this? 6. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

Elaborate 2:

Write the balanced equation for the following reactions:

1

Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to make sulfuric acid

Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas burn to produce water

Carbon and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide

Carbon and oxygen react to produce carbon monoxide

Aluminum and oxygen react to give you what?

Galvanized Metal - Lab #2

Explore/Explain 2:

Description: We will continue to talk about the five basic types of reactions and percent composition. You have already done a synthesis reaction (magnesium oxide lab) Today we will be working with Galvanized roof sheeting (GRS); galvanized nails and galvanized screws. Galvanized means that the metal is coated in Zinc to slow down rusting. We will find the percent composition of each of the items. What is the percent of zinc in each of these? Supplies/Materials:
small beaker One 1 inch sqare of galvanized tin One bottle of 6M HCl Goggles Gloves (optional) Electronic balance matches test tube test tube holder lab apron tongs galvanized nails galvanized screws

Procedures (Follow these procedures for each of the three galvanized items) 1. Make sure you have all of the supplies listed above and if not tell the teacher and he will get them for you. 2. Once you have all of your supplies and have checked to make sure nothing is BROKEN. Weigh your section of GRS and record it. 3. Take your GRS and fold it in half so it can fit into the small beaker and CAUTIOUSLY pour the H Cl into the beaker with the GRS. 4. Wait for 30 seconds and remove the piece of metal from the solution and rinse it off. Then take a paper towel and dry it off well. 5. Then weigh it again. and answer the following questions
Q1: What is the percent composition of zinc and tin.

Q2: What kind of reaction is this: __________________________________ Q3: What evidence is there of a chemical reaction?

Q4: Write the balanced equation.

Elaborate 2: 1. How does the amount of zinc vary from each of the items? Why do you think they used that particular amount of zinc coating?

2. What gas was formed from this reaction?

3. How can you test to see if this is the gas is what you think it is?

4. Write the balanced equation for the following reactions. If there is no reaction, write NR. 1. Lithium reacts with sodium hydroxide.

2. Aluminum reacts with sodium hydroxide.

3. Potassium reacts with sodium hydroxide.

4. Tin reacts with zinc chloride.

5. Calcium reacts with zinc chloride

Lab #3:
Explore/Explain 3:

Vinegar & Baking Soda

Description: Everyone is familiar with what happens when you mix vinegar and baking soda together. You may have even used this reaction to make volcanoes in elementary school. This lab is to help you understand the basics and complexities of the reaction between vinegar (acetic acid HC2H3O2) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate - NaHCO3). You will determine the type(s) of reactions involved and the products produced. Supplies/Materials:
Acetic acid Sodium bicarbonate Test tube spatula electronic scale weighing tray 10 ml graduated cylinder

Procedures 1. Put 5 ml of acetic acid into a test tube. 2. Carefully add 2 grams of sodium bicarbonate 3. Write down your observations

Q1: What type of reaction is this: __________________________________ You will have the tendency to call it a double replacement reaction. Write the balanced equation?

Q2: This doesn't explain the gas that is formed. What gas do you think was formed?

Elaborate 3: Q3: This was a double reaction in the sense the first reaction, as you stated was a double replacement reaction. The second reaction is a decomposition reaction. Which of the products from the first reaction decomposed?

Write the balanced equation for the decomposition reaction:

Now write the overall balanced equation.

Lab #4:
Explore/Explain 4:

Double Replacement Reactions

Description: We will continue to talk about the five basic types of reactions. This lab is a simple double replacement reaction. Supplies/Materials:
KI (potassium iodide) Pb(NO3)2 (lead nitrate) test tube eyedropper electronic scale test tube holder

Procedures (Follow these procedures for each of the three galvanized items) 1. Put 3-5 drops of the KI solution into the test tube. 2. Add one drop of lead nitrate.
Q1. Write down your observations.

Q2: What kind of reaction is this: __________________________________ Q3: What new compounds were formed?

Q4. Which of the new compounds is responsible for the color? __________________

Q5: Write the balanced equation.

Elaborate 4:

1. Aluminum acetate reacts with mercurous chromate.

2. Magnesium perchlorate reacts with silver bisulfate.

3. Stannic phosphate reacts with cuprous carbonate.

Lab #5:
Explore/Explain 5:

Candle Lab
Description: As our final lab in this series of reactions, we will deal with combustion. In this lab you will determine the mass of the products from the burning of a tea candle. Supplies/Materials:
paraffin tea candle (C25H52) matches electronic balance

Procedures 1. Take the mass of the candle 2. Burn the candle for 5 minutes. 3. Take the mass of the candle after it is burned for 5 minutes.
Q1: Write down your observations.

Q2: What kind of reaction is this: __________________________________ Q3: What evidence is there of a chemical reaction?

Q4: Write the balanced equation.

Q5: What is the mass of the products from the burning of the candle? Show all your calculations.

Elaborate 5:

Write the balanced equations for the following combustion reactions.

1. Butane is burned in excess oxygen.

2. Table sugar is burned in excess oxygen.

3. Propane is burned in excess oxygen.