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Adding and Subtracting Decimals

BEFORE

Now
Youll add and subtract decimals.

WHY?

You added and subtracted whole numbers.

So you can compare the areas of cornfield mazes, as in Ex. 24.

Word Watch
front-end estimation, p. 59

You can use base-ten pieces to model decimal addition and subtraction.
0.76 1 Model the sum of 0.76 and 0.58 using base-ten pieces. 0.58

2 Combine and group the pieces.

3 Trade 10 tenths for 1 one and 10 hundredths for 1 tenth. The sum of 0.76 and 0.58 is 1.34. 1.34

Use base-ten pieces to find the sum or difference.

1. 2.2

1.85

2. 2.77

1.47

3. 1.26

1.08

Use a vertical format to add or subtract decimals. Begin by lining up the decimal points. Then add or subtract as you would with whole numbers. Be sure to write the decimal point in the answer.

EXAMPLE

Adding and Subtracting Decimals

13.46
Write zero as a placeholder.

a. 6.047

b. 9

5.28 9.00 5.28 3.72

Write zeros as placeholders.

6.047 13.460 19.507

58

Chapter 2

Decimal Operations

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Your turn now

1. 13.8 4. 1.6

Find the sum or difference.

2. 8.41 5. 6

9.3 0.8

2.6 3.74

3. 1.937 6. 4.59

2.28 3.17

tch Out! Wa
Dont forget to add and subtract from left to right when evaluating expressions horizontally.

EXAMPLE

2
r t

Evaluating a Variable Expression

r
6.7 8.84 3.64

Evaluate 6.7
6.7

t when r
2.14 5.2 5.2

2.14 and t

5.2.

Substitute 2.14 for r and 5.2 for t. Add. Subtract.

Your turn now

7. a

Evaluate the expression when a

8. b

4.2 and b
9. 10.03

6.27.
b

Estimation When you do not need to find an exact sum, you can estimate. One type of estimation is front-end estimation. To use front-end estimation to estimate a sum, add the front-end digits, estimate the sum of the remaining digits, and then add the results.

EXAMPLE

Estimating a Sum

Video Games For your birthday you receive a $25 gift certificate. You want to buy 3 used video games whose prices are shown. Can you buy all 3 games using the gift certificate?
Solution 1 Add the front-end digits: the dollars. $8.79 $7.29 $7.89 $22 2 Estimate the sum of the remaining digits: the cents. $8.79 $7.29 $7.89 $1 $1 $2 3 Add the results.

$22 $2 $24

ANSWER The estimated sum is less than $25, so you can buy all three games using the gift certificate.

Lesson 2.2

Adding and Subtracting Decimals

59

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Exercises
More Practice, p. 706

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Getting Ready to Practice

1. Vocabulary Explain how to use front-end estimation to add decimals.

Find the sum or difference.

2. 6.04

12.51

3. 5.8

2.4

4. 16.5

3.675

5. 47.85

5.741

6. Guided Problem Solving Is $20 enough

money to buy the art supplies listed? 1 Add the front-end digits: 8 3 6.

Watercolor paints $8.69 Paint brushes $3.78 Canvas $6.32

2 Estimate the sum of the remaining digits: 0.69 0.78 0.32. 3 Add the results. Is the sum greater than or less than $20?

with
Example 1 2 3

Homework

Practice and Problem Solving

Write the decimal in expanded form. For example, 3.24 in expanded form is 3 0.2 0.04.
7. 6.912 8. 523.974 9. 43.07

Exercises 1321, 3742 2528, 4345 2934

Online Resources
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Decide Would you add or subtract to find the answer? Explain.

10. How much does it cost to buy a pair of jeans and a shirt? 11. How much warmer is todays high temperature than yesterdays high? 12. How much more does a cheeseburger cost than a hamburger?

More Examples eTutorial Plus

Find the sum or difference. Use estimation to check your answer.

13. 15.8 16. 0.79 19. 4.29

7.6 14.55 3.456

14. 124.6 17. 90.2 20. 168.42

47.01 7.5 5.608

15. 53.24 18. 24.98 21. 900

14.023 3.3 15.7

22. Stilts Jared is 2.75 meters tall while on stilts and 1.6 meters tall without

stilts. How far off the ground do the stilts raise Jared?
23. Find the Error Describe and

correct the error in finding the sum of 3.8504 and 625.

3.8504 625 3.9129

60

Chapter 2

Decimal Operations

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24. Cornfield Mazes The first cornfield maze, grown in Annville,

j7pe-0202-000-h

Pennsylvania, in 1993, covered 3.3 acres. The largest cornfield maze, grown in Lindon, Utah, in 1999, covered 12.6 acres. How many acres larger was the Lindon maze than the Annville maze?

Algebra Evaluate the expression when y

25. 20.1

26.3 and z
z

12.28.
28. 30

26. 34

27. y

Estimate the sum or difference using front-end estimation.

29. 5.24 32. 5.78

9.79 9 2.2

30. 3.44 33. 8.75

8.38 5.67

31. 4.11 34. 6.6

5.90 4.45

8.02

35. Rainfall A city had 3.57 inches of rain in April, 7.30 inches of rain in

Cornfield maze in Lindon, Utah

May, and 5.14 inches of rain in June. During this three-month period, did the city have more than 15 inches of rain? Explain why an estimate is sufficient in answering the question.
36. Critical Thinking When is the sum of two decimals a whole number?

When is the difference of two decimals a whole number? Explain.

Evaluate the expression.

37. 467.2 40. 0.032

5.63 0.29

11 1

38. 27 41. 26.17

3.204 9.002

10.8

39. 8.55

20.4 2.2

15 4.10

1.9 42. 3.876

Algebra Evaluate the expression when k

43. m

5.874 and m
45. m

123.1.
k 28.3

6.401

44. 140

(k

m)

6.78

46. Directions Internet driving directions from Washington D.C.s National

Zoo to the White House Visitor Center are shown below. How much shorter is the shortest route than the fastest route?
Fastest Route Shortest Route

Directions Go SE on Connecticut Ave. NW Connecticut Ave. NW becomes 17th St. NW Turn left onto H St. NW Turn right onto 14th St. NW Turn right onto Pennsylvania Ave. NW

Distance 2.1 miles 0.2 mile 0.4 mile 0.3 mile 0.0 mile

Directions Go SE on Connecticut Ave. NW Connecticut Ave. NW becomes 17th St. NW Turn left onto E St. NW E St. NW becomes Pennsylvania Ave. NW

Distance 2.1 miles 0.5 mile 0.3 mile 0.0 mile

Challenge Solve the equation using mental math.

47. w

1.5

48. 6

8.8

49. y

2.4

0.6 50. 0.82 z

0.7

Lesson 2.2

Adding and Subtracting Decimals

61

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Mixed Review
Order the numbers from least to greatest. (Lesson 2.1)
51. 2.46, 4.26, 4.06, 2.64, 2.42 52. 13.8, 8.3, 13.08, 8.31, 8.83

Choose a Strategy Use a strategy from the list to solve the following problem. Explain your choice of strategy.
53. On Monday, Jeff sold 3 raffle tickets. On

Problem Solving Strategies

Look for a Pattern Draw a Diagram Work Backward

Tuesday, he sold 6 tickets. On Wednesday, he sold 9 tickets. If the pattern continued through Friday, how many tickets did Jeff sell during the week?

Basic Skills Find the product.

54. 15

23

55. 21

56. 7

19

57. 11

29

Test-Taking Practice
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58. Multiple Choice Which of the following numbers, when added to 8.43

State Test Practice

CLASSZONE.COM

using front-end estimation, results in an estimated sum of 15? A. 6.59 15.2 9.8 7.12 B. 7.59 2.07? G. 1.581 H. 15.81 I. 158.1 C. 8.04 D. 8.45

59. Multiple Choice What is the value of the expression

F. 0.1581

Decode the Riddle

Find the values of M, T, C, F, and Y that make the sum and difference correct. Then replace the number in each box with its letter to find the answer to the riddle below. 3 .1 T5 M. TC2 11 .6 1 C 0.3 F1 F 0.2 C0 F 0.0 91 Y

Why did the cookie go to the hospital?

R U

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Chapter 2

Decimal Operations