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113 Universe at War TECHNOLOGY 170 Java Developer Guide
116 Unreal Tournament 120 Physics In Game

EDITOR
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)

CONTRIBUTORS
OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)? armifarmifMuD;?
pkdif;wifhxl;? aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2

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PROCESSOR
02
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14 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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16 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Oyrmtm;jzifh 500 GB drives ESpfckudk wGJoHk;jcif;onf 1TB hard drive wpfck
EXPANSION, INSIDE &
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toHk;jyKjcif;tay: jcdK;jcHacRwmraeoifhygay/ Music ESifh Video rsm; odkrSD;vkd
onfhwkdif ,cktcsdefwGif hard drive space taejzifh tenf;qHk; 250 GB rQ armfawmfum;wpfpD; pufcsKdU,Gif;rI
txd &Sdaeoifhonf/ odkYrSom toHk;csaqmhzf0Jy½dk*&rfrsm;udk EkdifEdkifeif;eif; &Sdonfhtcgwkdif; pufzHk;udkzGifhí jyif&
toHk;csEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ tu,fíom AD'D,dkwnf;jzwfjcif;vkyfief;twGuf rdrdyDpD rnf jzpfaomfvnf; uGefysLwm
udk digital video recorder taejzifh toHk;csrnfqkdygu hard disk space twGufrl xkdodkYvkyfudkif&onfh tajc
tenf;qHk; 500 GB &Sdxm;&rnf jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh high-definition t&nf tae r&Sday/ tu,fí Apple iMac
taoG;jzpfav capacity udk rsm;pGmawmif;cHav jzpfaernf/ Hard drives rsm; odkYr[kwf Dell XPS One odkYr[kwf
onf speeds trsKd;rsKd;jzifh &SdaeMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; 7200 rpm EIef;xm;jzifh Gateway One wdkYuJhodkYaom All-in-
a,bk,sqefqef wnfaqmufay;rI trsm;qHk;&SdMuonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif; One trsKd;tpm; expansion slots
wGif 10,000 rpm ESifh 15,000 rpm EIef;xm;&Sdaom hard drives rsm; jrifawGU rsm;twGuf pdwfylyefp&m rvkdawmh
vmMu&ygvdrhfrnf/ Drive wpfcktaejzifh jrefqefrI ydkaumif;av gigabyte ay/ odkYaomf tjcm; devices rsm;ESifh
wpfcktwGuf usoifhaiG oufomav[k pdwfxJwGif rSwf,lxm;Edkifonf/ qufoG,frItwGufrl rnfuJhodkYaom
odkYtwGuf 10,000 rpm txuf tjrefEIef;&Sdaom models rsm;twGuf capaci- ports rsm;jzpfonfudk odxm;&ef
ties rsm; avQmhcswnfaqmufEkdifzG,f tvm;tvm&Sdonf/ aemufwpfcsuf vdktyfaeygvdrfhrnf/ uGefysLwm
pOf;pm;&rnfhudprö Sm RAID udpö jzpfonf/ RAID (Redundant Array of trsm;pk\ aemufbufwGif USB
Inexpensive Disks) wkdYonf ,HkMunf pdwfcs&rI tjynfht0jzifh performance ports 6 ckrS 8 cktxd yg&Sdvmwwf
wkd;yGm;vmap&ef yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf/ RAID wdkYudk t"du yHkpHESpf&yfjzifh onf/ (¤if;wdYkudk rMumcP jzKwf
awGUjrifMu&onf/ Level -0 wGif identical drives ESpfckudk aygif;pnf;ay;í jcif;? wyfjcif;? rjyKvkyfonfh
Level-1 onf disk ysufpD;rI tvGefw&m enf;yg;aponfh identical drives uD;bkwf? armufpfESifh y&ifwmuJhodkY
ESpfckudk mirrors ozG,f vkyfaqmifay;onf/ odkYtwGuf Level- 0 onf per- aom qufoG,frItwGuf toHk;csavh
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cku csKdU,Gif;rI&SdcJhvQif data rsm; tenf;i,fqHk;½IH;rI &SdEkdifonf/ Level -1 rSmrl wwfonf/ (¤if;wdkYudk rMumcP
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qHk; jzpfaponf/ odkYaomf Level 1 \ wefzkd;onf Level 0 \ wefzkd;xuf iPod rsm;? flash drives rsm;uJhodkY
ESpfq jzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/ aom ud&d,m qufoG,frItwGuf
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Wire ports rsm;vnf; &Sdae&onf/
(¤if;wdkYrSmrl Camcorders uJhodkY
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systems rsm;twGufom yg&Sdvm
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[k ac:onfh SATA drive rsm;
twGufvnf; qufoG,fa&; tcGifh

18 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tvrf;rsm; ay;xm;Muonf/ csJUxGif
vkyfudkifrI vkdvm;onfh Tinkerers
rsm;twGuf drive bays tykdrsm;? ex-
pansion slots rsm;ESifh RAM Slots
rsm;onfvnf; ta&;MuD;aom udpö
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pOf;pm;&ef vdktyfvmonf/ Drive
bays rsm;qkd&mü t&G,ftpm; yHkpH ESpf
rsKd;jzifh&SdEkdifonf/ 5 'or 25 vufr
ESifh 3 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;
wdkY jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY\ t&G,ftpm;
tvkduf bays rnfrQ&Sdonfudk odxm;
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wGif optical drive
xnhfEkdifrnhfae&m
ESifh card reader
xnhfEkdifrnfh ae&m
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sion slots rsm;ESifh
ywfoufí graph-
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sound card rsm;ESifh
network card rsm;
xnhfoGif;,lEkdifrnfh
tajctaeudkvnf;
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jr§ifhEkdifcGifhrsm;ay;xm;Murnf jzpfaomf
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vmrnf jzpfonf/ Motherboard
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf RAM Slots
av;cktxd ay;xm;avh &Sdonf/
20 uGefysLwm*sme,f
GRAPHICS
06
,aeY mainstream PCs trsm;pkonf
integrated graphics rsm; yg&Sdvm
wwfojzifh armfeDwm
qufoG,fMudK;udk wyfqifvkduf
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jzpfoGm;aponf/ Integrated
graphics [k qk d a omf j im;vnf ; ,aeY aemufqHk;
ay: Aero effect rsm;txd y if cH p m;cG i f h &Ekdifygonf/
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rnfonfhudprö qkd graphics oD;jcm; card rsm; xnhfoGif;wyfqif&ef vdktyfvm
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xnhfoGif;&rnhf tajctaevdktyfonf/ ,cktcg motherboards rsm;wGif
omreftm;jzifh PCI Express (PCIe) X16 odkY r[kwf PCIe x 162.0 slots wdkYukd
wyfqif toHk;csMuonf/ tqkdyg graphics cards rsm;onf performance
levels trsKd;rsKd;&Sdaernf jzpfouJhodkY aps;EIef; trsKd;rsKd;vnf; &Sdaernf
jzpfonf/ Hard-Core gamers rsm;twGufrl oD;jcm; pOf;pm;&onf/ Cards
rsm;onf top-end nVidia GeForce 8800 GTX graphics engine odkYr[kwf
AMD \Radeon HD 2900 XT engine wdkY qkdygu Life like Visual qkdonfh
yuwdyHk&dyfrsm;udk xkwfvTwfay;EkdifMuygonf/ odkYaomf wefzkd;rsm;rSm
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ydkwufvmEkdifonf/ tu,fí rdrdtaejzifh desktop graphics performance
txGwftxdyftxdom tvdk&Sdaeygu Cross-Fire multicard arrangement
wpfcktwGif; graphics cards ESpfck? oHk;ck odkYr[kwf av;cktxd csdwfquf
toHk;jyKEkdifrnf jzpfonf/ tqkdyg SLI (Scalable Link Interface) technology
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ygu nVidia ESifh AMD ESpfckvHk;onf Low-end ESifh midrange cards rsm;
&Edkifygao;onf/ bwf*suf wGufcsuf&olrsm;twGuf nVidia GeForce 8500
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vHkavmufaom jznhfwif;rIudkrl ay;pGrf;Ekdifygonf/ tqkdyg cards tm;vHk;onf
Direct X 10 (DX10) udkaomfvnf;aumif;? Vista twGuf vdktyfonfh
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uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

REMOVABLE STORAGE AUDIO AND SPEAKERS

07 08

enf;ynm wkd;wufjzpfxGef;rIESifh
ywfoufí jyD;cJhaom q,fpkESpf
vGefcJhaom ESpftenf;i,fu umvtwGif; sound card rsm;udk
DVD burner qkdonfrSm uGefysLwm
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twGuf rvGJraoGwyf&rnf[k rSwf,lcJhMujcif; r&Sday/ ,aeY vuf&Sd wpfqifh integrated audio tjzpf
toHk;jyKaeMuolrsm;onfyif DVD burners wyfqiftoHk;jyKol ta&twGuf xkwfvkyfrIrsm; wkd;wufcJh&onf/
tenf;i,fom &SdaecJhonf/ odkYaomf ,cktcg files rsm;? music rsm;? video xkd integrated audio rsm;\ t&nf
rsm;udk trsm;tjym; oyfoyf&yf&yfjzifh ul;,lodrf;qnf;Ekdif&ef DVD burner taoG;onf ododomomMuD; aumif;
vkdtyfvmygonf/ Drives trsm;pku zippy udk vHkavmufpGm vkyf,lEkdifygrnf/ rGef jzpfxGef;vmonf/ ,cktcg
Write taejzifh 18 X odkYr[kwf 20 X [lí wdwdusus&Sd&ef rvdktyfay/ Write
system awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif pyDum
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disc ul;,lEkdifvQifyif ydkí tqifajyoGm;Ekdifapygvdrhfrnf/
built-in jackes rsm; ygcJh&onf/
odkYaomf tu,fí high-definition video twGuf jzpfvmvQifrl Bluray *drf;udpEö Sifh 'DAD'Dudpw
ö dkYtjyif
odkYr[kwf HD DVD drive vkdtyfvmrnf jzpfonf/ Formats ESpfrsKd;vHk; tjcm;toHk;cs aqmhzf0J y½dk*&rfrsm;
toHk;csEkdifonfh drives rsm;vnf; &SdaejyD; jzpfonf/ tqkdyg rsKd;qufopf twGufyg toHk;0ifvmaponf/
Blu-ray odkYr[kwf HD DVD burner rsm;onf avmavmq,f aps;EIef;
pyDumpepftaejzifh 7.1 [lonfh
MuD;jrifhaeqJ jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif 2008 ckESpftwGif; tqkdyg drives rsm;\ 8 vHk;yg pyDumwpfpHkpm\ a&mif;aps;
aps;EIef; ododomom usqif;vmEkdifrnf jzpfonfhtjyif high-defintion rSm a':vm 100 rS a':vm 200
formats proliferate taejzifhvnf; &&SdvmzG,f &Sdonf/
txd &Sdonf/ tqHk;pGefaom &oukd
tcsKdUaom drives rsm;onf LightScribe odkYr[kwf LabelFlash [k ac:qkd &,lvdkygu motherboard wGif
onfh technologies rsm;udk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufxm;onfudk awGUjrifEkdifygonf/ Sound Card jznfhwif;,lEkdif&ef PCI
¤if;wdkYonf Sharpie marker jzifh wpfcgwnf; Labels rsm; wyfay;vkdufEkdif slot yg&Sdvmwwfygonf/ t&nf
aom taetxm; &SdMuygonf/ taoG;aumif; Sound Card rsm;
tjcm; removable storage options rsm;vnf; &Sdaeygao;onf/ xkwfvkyfol xkwfvkyfrIwGif Creative rS
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u system rSm multiformat memory card reader rsm; OD;aqmifvsuf &Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk
xnhfoGif;ay;wwfonf/ odkYtwGuf cellphone trsKd;rsKd;rS jzpfap? music a':vm 100 atmufjzifh 0,f,l
player rsm;rSjzpfap? 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;rS jzpfap vufcH&,lrI?
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storage rsm;udk vTJajymif;rIrsm; jyKvkyfEkdif&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm; txl;vkdtyfvm
tjcm; ukrÜPDrsm;okdYyg xkwfvkyf
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storage taejzifh 0ifqHhrI yrmPenf;enf;jzifhom vufcHaqmif&GufEdkifojzifh
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aduio ykdif; qkdif&mwGif 15 ESpfwmrQ
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u xnfhoGif;wyfqifay;onf/ rnf jzpfonf/
tcsKdUaom models rsm;wGif standard DVDs xuf ydkí odkrSD;Edkifaom Media
ESifh Pocket Medai Bays rsm;udk toHk;jyKEkdifapygonf/

22 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

DISPLAYS & EXTRAS WARRANTY, SERVICE

09 10 & SUPPORT

av;eufcufcJaom jyóem
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,cktcg desktop uGefysLwm uGefysLwm xkwfvkyfol trsm;pkonf
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LCD armfeDwmwpfckudk option taejzifh vnf; tcsKdUonf okH;ESpftxd
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aps;EIef;rSmvnf; oddodomomMuD; avsmhusvmvsuf &Sdaejyefonf/ ¤if;wkdYudk onf/
xkwfvkyfa&mif;cs&mwGif trsm;pkrSm wide-screen armf',frsm; jzpfcJh&onf/ odkYaomf taetxm;
t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 17 vufr? 19 vufrESifh vufr 20 rsm;jzifh awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf rdrduGefysLwm
xkwfvkyfrIrsm;&Sd&m bwf*suf wGufcsuf&olrsm;twGuf tm; xkwfvkyfrIxJodkY jyefydkYay;jcif;
17 vufronf vufcHEkdifavmufonfh taetxm;txd toHk;jyKcGifh jzifhom vdktyfonfh jyKjyifrIrsm;?
&Muonf/ tu,fí omrefuGefysLwm toHk;csrItwGuf xkdYxuft&G,ftpm; vJvS,f jyifqifrIrsm;udk vkyfay;avh
MuD;rm;aom armfeDwm toHk;jyKvdkolrsm;twGuf 1680 x 1050 pixels txd &SdMuonf/ odkYaomf extra cost
resolution &Sdonfh 22 vufrt&G,frsm;udkvnf; pwif xkwfvkyf awmif;cHjyD; tdrfwkdif&ma&muf
a&mif;csaeMujyD jzpfonf/ service aqmif&Gufay;onfh pepfrsm;
tu,fí rdrdtaejzifh entertainment PC wpfcktjzpf toHk;jyKvkdvQifrl udkvnf; vufcH usifhoHk;wwfMu
1920 x 1200 resolution &Sdonfh 24 vufrt&G,fudk tenf;qHk;xm;jyD; 0,f,l ygao;onf/
toHk;jyKoifhygonf/ odkYrSom Blu-ray odkYr[kwf HD DVD wdkYjzifh tenf;qHk; rdrdwdkYtaejzifh online
wGJzufnDoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/ wu,fwrf; vufawGU toHk;csaeMuyHkrsm;udk service jzifh yHhydk;rIudk &,lEkdifMuyg
avhvmMunhf&m *drf;ESifh azsmfajza&;oufouf toHk;jyKolrsm;onf 2560 x 1600 vdrhfrnf/ Backup Services rsm;
txd resolution &Sdonf/ vufr 30 t&G,f armfeDwmrsm;udk 0,f,l twGuf gigabyte yrmP uefYowf
toHk;csaeaMumif; awGUae&onf/ usifhoHk;rIrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/
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udpt ö wGuf tav;ay; vkyfukdifaprnfqkdonfh tcsufESifh bwf*sufoHk;pGJEkdifrI xkwfvkyfol\ warranty odkYr[kwf
tajctaeay:wGifom rlwnfí uGJjym;jcm;em;rI &Sdaeygvdrhfrnf/ wpfcsdefwnf; service ESifh ywfoufonfh
rSmyif armfeDwm options rsm;&Sd wireless keyboard ESifh mouse udp?ö tmrcHcsufrsm;udk OD;pGm
TV-tuner toifhyg&SdrI &Sd r&Sd udp?ö remote control udpp ö onfh options avhvmxm;oifhonf/ rdrdtwGuf
rsm;udkvnf; xnhfoGif; pOf;pm;Ekdifygao;onf/ tu,fí Ethemet Cable udk tm;omcsuf t&EkdifqHk;udk a&G;cs,fjyD;
rvdkvm;cJhygu 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless card udk xkdufxkdufwefwef toHk;cs vufcHMu&rnf jzpfonf/
Ekdifonf/ Bluetooth hub wpfcku wireless devices rsm;jzifh uGefysLwmudk OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
csdwfquftoHk;jyKEkdifcGifh ay;Ekdifygonf/ tcsKdYrSm USB ports rsm;udk toHk;csí [Ref:Computers Shopper,
MudK;rJhuD;bkwfESifh aqmhzf0JwkdYudk toHk;cs,lMuonf/ Jan 2008]

azazmf0g&?D 2008 23
uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

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24 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

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2008 ckEpS t
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«1» ydkí vkyfaqmifvmEdkifvdrhf mainstream cell phones

Smartphone rsm; ydí
k rnf/ ydí k jrefqefaom Wire-
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ajymif;vJEikd af om tajctae
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taejzifh ,ckjrifawGUaeMu&
onfh smartphone rsm;xuf
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ing power awG wkd;jrihfvm
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ating system rsm; ,ckxuf
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rsm; &&SdvmzG,f&Sdonf/ jyD;cJh
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tvGef ao;i,faom t&G,f
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net in your pocket [laom
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vmvdrfhrnf[laom tcsuf
yif jzpfonf/ þae&mwGif
Google \ Android Plat-
form udk aus;Zl;wif&rnf
jzpfouJhodkY Palm, RIM,
Motorola ESifh tjcm; xkwf
vkyfa&; ukrÜPDrsm;taejzihf
yd k í intelligent &S d a om
mainstream cell phones
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phone wdk;wufrI 15 &mcdkif
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Flash-Based Laptops
rsm; trsm;tjym; a&mufvm
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,ck E S p f Zef e 0g&D v
twG i f ; Mac uG e f y sLwm
xkwv f yk rf vI yk if ef;wGif flash

azazmf0g&D? 2008 25
uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
-based laptop udk apple
u rdwfqufvmvdrhfrnf[k
owif;rsm; ysHUESHYaecJhonf/
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raoG flash-based laptop
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vkyfol trsm;tjym;onf
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top rsm;ud k uk r Ü P D t rsKd ;
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xkwfvkyfvmMuygvdrhfrnf/
ta&;MuD;qHk;tcsufrSm ,ck
ESpftwGuf xGufay:vmrnfh
clamshell Laptops opf
wdkYonf toGifopf ultra-
portables ud k tav;ay;
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rnf[laomtcsufyif jzpf
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memory rsm;\ aps;EIef;
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ultraportables opf r sm;
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hard drives rsm;\ aps;EIef;
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tjyifopfrsm;udk jrifawGUEdkif
MujyD; mobile companions
[kyif ac:a0: orkwfMuyg
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&S d a ejyD ; jzpf a om Laptop
26 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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hard drive rS 120 GB txd
trsm;tjym; &Sad eMujyD; tcsKUd
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yif oHk;pGJaeMuonf/
quf v uf xG u f a y:
vmrnfh Flash-based clam-
shell laptop opfrsm;wGif
tvm;wl 0ifqrhH I yrmPrsm;
udk jznfhwif;ay;vmMujyD;
application aygif;pHk toHk;
csEdkifaprI odkYr[kwf Web
browsing jynfhjynfh00 vkyf
aqmifEdkifrI tcGihftvrf;rsm;
yg&S d v mMuygvd r h f r nf /
BlackBerrys od k Y r[k w f
smartphone uJo h Ykd Limita-
tions rsm; &Sdaernf/ ¤if;wdkY
twGuf U1 trsKd;tpm;tcsKdU
vdktyfrnf jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm
yifryDpDodkY rnfonfh Files
rsm; tvdk&Sdí odrf;xm;ay;&
rnf[k ajymapí yifr yDpED iS fh
tqdkyg Laptop wdkY tcsdef
wdik ;f wGif csed u
f u
kd vf yk af qmif
aeMuygvdrrhf nf/ xdo k Ykd vkyf
aqmif&eftwGuf built-in
GoTo MyPC &Sdae&ygvdrhf
rnf/ rdrv d rf;ay:wGif a&muf
aepOf ta&;ay: aqmif&Guf
jyD; tdrfjyefa&mufonfhtcg
rdrdyDpDay:wGif toihf&Sdae
rnfhoabmjzpfonf/ 2008
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tenf ; qH k ; Flash-based
mobile companions topf
ig;rsKd; xGuf&SdjyD; jzpfaeMu
um tqdkyg flash-based
mobiles companions
onf tvGef ta&;ygaom
udpw
ö pf&yftjzpf xkwfvkyf
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f suf &Sad eMuvdrfh
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Basic PC rsm;
rdwq
f ufvmzG,f&jSd cif;
2008 ckESpfwGif basic
PCs rsm; zefw;D &ef wGe;f tm;
tppftrSefrsm; jrifawGUMu&
ygvd r h f r nf / bare-bones
uGefysLwmrsm;\ aps;EIef;udk
275 a':vmrS 350 a':vm
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uGuf wdk;csJUEdkifa&; OD;wnf
aqmif & G u f v mMuonf u d k
awGU&rnf jzpfonf/ avm
avmq,f rdrdwdkYtaejzifh
X0-1 Laptop ESifh ASUS
Eee PC 4 G wdkYtm; tvm;
wl tajctaejzifh rdwfquf
ay;xm;jyD ; jzpf y gonf /
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tdrfoHk;rsm;twGuf 'kwd,
rsKd;quf? wwd,rsKd;qufEiS hf
pwkw¬rsKd;quf[lí qihfum
qihfum jrifawGUvm&onfh
tcg xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tHhMo
zG,f r[kwfawmhbJ topf
topfwdkYtm; tuRrf;w0if
jzpfoGm;aprnfh yHkpH tae
txm;jzpfonf/
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Social Networks rsm;
twGuf Botnets rsm;jzifh
ypfrw S f jzpfvmEdik jf cif;
,cktcg social net-
works rsm; vlMudKufrsm; a&
yef;pm;vmaeonf jzpfonfh
tavsmuf vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&m
jcdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;taejzifh
aemufvmrnfh t"duypfrw S f
ae&mjzpfvmvdrrfh nf[k arQmf
vihf wGuq f xm;vm&onf/
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theft tygt0if vHkjcHKa&;
qdik &f mjyóemopfrsm; trsK;d
tpm;yHpk rH wlapbJ 0ifa&muf
aESmihf,Suf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;
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vmzG,f &Sdonf/
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Microsoft wd k Y ES i f h twl
Apple onf y if tqd k y g
tEÅ&m,frsm;taMumif; *½k
wpdkuf avhvmaeMu&jyD;
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«5»
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Identity Theft ESihf Virus
wdtYk wGuf ypfrw S rf sm;
jzpfvmzG,&f jdS cif;
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aps;uGuf&S,f,monf odod
omom wdk;wufvmaejcif;?
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k yg0gtiftm; aumif;vm
jcif;ESifh Web access tcGihf
tvrf; ydk&Sdvmjcif;wdkY jzpf
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0wfrI jzpfxGef;Edkifonfh el-
ement toGifrsKd; aqmifvm
28 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ygvdrhfrnf/ xdkYtwl 2008
ckESpftwGif; botnets rsm;
twGufjzpfap? Adkif;&yfpfrsm;
twG u f jzpf a p identity
theft rsm;twGujf zpfap? t"d
u ypfrSwf jzpfvmvdrfhrnf
[k ,HkMunfxm;Mu&onf/
avmavmq,f umvtxd
tqdyk g smart mobile plat-
form twGuf avmufavmuf
vm;vm;? rsm;rsm;pm;pm;
security tools rsm; r&Sdao;
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ap aqmhz0f J xkwvf yk f a&mif;
csolrsm;taejzifh xdt
k a&;udk
awG;jrifrdrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
,cktcsdeftxd Windows
Linux, Unix ESihf Mac en-
vironments rsm;twGi;f wGif
om toHk;jyKEdkifaprnfh ap-
plications rsm;? tools rsm;
udk zefwD;aeMurI rsm;aecJh
onf/ rMumrD smartphone
OS platform ig;cktwGuf
tenf;qHk; aqmif&Gufvm
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«6»
pkaygi;f toH;k jyKorl sm;ESihf twl
social networks ay:wiG f
ydrk kd pk½;kH vmEdik jf cif;
vl awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u
Second Life, LinkedIn, ESihf
Facebook qdkonfh social
Networks rsm;taMumif ;
od&SdjyD; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf
2008 ckESpfwGifrl yl;aygif;
toHk;csMuonfh corporate
users rsm;taejzifh social
network rsm;tm; collabo-
ration tools udk t"duxm;
toHk;csaprnfh taetxm;
wpf&yfudk awGYvmMuygvdrhf
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txm;wGif LinkedIn ESifh
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aygif;yg0ifvmEdik rf nfh toH;k
jyKolrsm; ydrk kd qGaJ qmifay;Edik f
onfh applications rsm;udk
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onf/ rsm;rMumrD umv
twG i f ; collaboration
tools rsm; jzpfxGef;vmzG,f
&Sdygonf/
«7»
jrifuiG ;f ao;ao;av;rsm;
jzifh AD',
D rkd sm; MunhEf ikd f
vmzG,&f jdS cif;
rdrdwdkYtaejzifh ½kyfjrif
oH M um; tpD t pOf r sm;ES i f h
AD'D,dkrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ vuf
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'pf*spfw,f rD'D,m ud&d,m
av;rsm;ay:wGif pwifMunfh
½IEdkifMujyD jzpfonf/ Apple
iPhones rsm;onf You
Tube udk toHk;awmfcHay;
vsuf &Sdonf/ a[mvD;0k'f?
tm;upm; uGef&ufrsm;ESifh
aw;*Dwxkwv f yk o
f v
l yk if ef;
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ay:wGif toHk;jyK&eftwGuf
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tay: tm½Hkpdkuf vkyfudkif
vsuf &SdaeMuonf/ xdkodkY
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ap&ef tmrcHcsufrsm; ay;
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ac:qdk owfrSwfMuonf/
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txm;udk tHhMozG,faumif;
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jcif;rsm; &SdvmEdkifygonf/
«8»
Corporate IT ESihf
toHk;jyKolrsm;u
Green PCs rsm;udk
awmif;qdv k mzG,f &Sjd cif;
trsm;ESihf wGJzuf toHk;
jyKMuonfh aumfydka&;&Sif;
tqih0f if uGeyf sLwmtoH;k jyK
olrsm;twGuf pGrf;tif xd
a&mufpGm toHk;csEdkifrnfh
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wd k Y yd k r d k jzpf x G e f ; vma&;
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xuf wdk;í wdk;í &SdcJhMu&
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qih f w uf í aiG a Mu;
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er devices rsm;udk awmif;
qd k v mMu&jyef y gonf /
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ESifh Corporate users rsm;
onf urÇmMuD; ydrk ykd al EG;vmrI
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Apple taejzifh aps;uGuf
&S,f,m wdk;yGm;
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uGefysLwmrsm;onf PC en-
vironments twGif; 0ifqHh
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onf/ tu,fí 2008 ckESpf
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tar&duefEikd if t
H wGi;f
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rl consumer tech product
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NEW PRODUCTS

New Products

Lenovo ThinkPad X61 Tablet

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twl tvGefaumif;rGefaom performance xkwfay;Ekdifonf/ antiglare
ThinkPad X61 Tablet PC udk xkwaf y;vku d af omtcg ydí
k yif screen
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vnf; tjynfht0 tmrcHcsufay;EkdifoGm;aponf/ udk,fxnf reader
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tpm;'PfcHEkdifjyD; ckdifrm awmifhwif;vSygonf/ 12 vufr
t&G,f matte antiglave screen udk wyfxm;jyD; resolution
1024 x 768 &&SdEdkifygonf/ Writing
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Pad X61 wGif processor twGuf 1.6 GHz
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100 GB hard drive udk jznfhqnf;ay;xm;
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consumption &&Sdap&ef pDrHxm;jcif;aMumifh 5 em&D? 17 rdepfMumtxd wpfqufwnf; toHk;jyKEkdifaMumif; awGU&onf/ HP
Compaq 2710p ESifh EdIif;,SOf prf;oyfMunhf&m pGrf;aqmif csuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif omvGefaeygonf/ Built-in optical
drive ryg0ifaom tajctaewGif 4 'or 4 aygif av;onf/ Optical drive ygaom docking av;jzifh wGJzuf,lygu
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recognition twGuf toHk;cs&ef digital per udk toHk;jyKEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ ThinkPad X 61 Tablet PC wpfvHk; a&mif;aps;rSm
1934 a':vm jzpfonf/

32 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS

XFX GeForce 8800 GT

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f iG f vlMudKufrsm;aecJah om ATI
Radeon HD 2900 XI ESifh wGJí EIdif;,SOf prf;oyfMunhf&m pGrf;
aqmif&nf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif omvGefaumif;rGefaeaMumif;
awG Y & onf / Standard-clocked version card
twGuf 512 MB yrmP&Sad om *&yfzpf rSwÓ f Pftm;
udk ay;xm;onf/ Company of Heroes udk tajcjyK
wnfaqmufxm;onfh 'DZkdif;[kvnf; qkdEkdifygonf/
odkYtwGuf World in Conflict *drf;ESifh F.E.A.R *drf;
wdkYtwGufvnf; tvdktavsmuf tqifajyoGm;ap
onf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf 1280 x 1024 rS 1920 x
1200 resolution txd tH0ifcGifus toHk;csEkdifrnfh
pGrf;tiftoifh&Sdaeapygonf/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Gateway XHD 3000

AD',
D v
dk yk if ef;orm;rsm;ESihf tdrw
f iG ;f azsmfajza&; OD;pm;ay;vkd
Window olrsm;tMudKuf tvGefxl;jcm;aumif;rGefonfh image quality ESifh
wpfct k wGi;f resolution jrifhjrifh xkwfay;Ekdifaom 30 vufr t&G,f display
AD',D dk yH&k yd f MuD;udk Gateway rS XHD 3000 [lí trnfwyfum xkwfvkyf
wpfcck si;f a&mif;csvmjcif; jzpfonf/ ,cifu yDpDtwGuf display rsm;wGif
pau;ukduf built-in video processor rsm; yg0ifjcif; &Sdxm;cJhMuaomfvnf;
xde;f csKyf 30 vufrt&G,ftxd &Sdaeum 2560 x 1600 resolution txd
jyKjyifEidk o f nf/ pau;udkuf resolution jzifh tajctaersKd;udk yxrqHk; awGUMu&
30 vufr widescreen trsK;d jcif; jzpfonf/ yHk&dyfxkwfvkyfrI t&nftaoG;udk yDpD\ graphics
tpm;jzpfjy;D 2560 x 1600 card rsm;jzifh jznhfwif;rnfhtpm; XHD 3000 wGif yg&Sdvmaom
resolution &&Sdonf/ Silicon Optix Realta chipset tjyif high-end video pro-
cessor wpfc?k scaling pGr;f aqmif&nfrsm;? deinterlacing t&nf
Ports Included taoG;rsm;? ½dk;½kd; SD (Standard definition) ESifh HD (High
definition) wdYk ESpc f v
k ;kH twGuf toHqn l rH I uif;rJah ponfh tae
HDMI 1 S-Video 1
Component 1 VGA 1
txm;rsm; yl;wGJxnhfay;xm;onf/ tu,fí 5-Video ESifh
Composite 1 Audio in 3 Composite connection rsm; toH;k jyKrnfqy dk gu rD',D mud&,
d m
DVI 1 Audio out 3 6 cktxd wpfjydKifeufwnf; wyfqif toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ owfrSwf
IEEE 1394 0 USB 2.0 4 a&mif;aps;rSm 1699 a':vm jzpfonf/

34 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

azazmf0g&D? 2008aMu35
mfjim
 NEW PRODUCTS

Maxtor One Touch 4 Mini

Disaster recovery udk yHy h ;kd xm;í data backup vkyx f m;Ekid f
rnfh tdwfaqmif USB drive trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ odkrSD;yrmP
160 GB txd0ifqo hH nf/ ,cktcg aps;uGuw f iG f portable USB
pocket drive rsm;udk 250 GB yrmPtxd &&SdEkdifrnf jzpfaomf
vnf; tqkyd g Maxtor One Touch 4 Mini av;rSmrl xl;jcm;aom
toGiftjyifrsm; yg&Sdaeojzifh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m aumif;vSonf/
rdr\d yDprD S C: drive udk Mini av;twGi;f odYk ul;xnhx f m;jcif;jzifh
One Touch data backup program ESifh SafetyDrill utility udk
One Touch oHk;ykdifcGifh &SdoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/ tu,fí rdrd\uGefysLwm ½kwf
cvkwfudk w&uf jyóemjzpfjyD; &yfem;oGm;cJhvQif recovery boot pD'Dudk
drive light toHk;cs&if; rdrdyDpD\ data rsm;udk jyefvnf restore vkyf&mwGif
ESit
hf wl xkdufxkdufwefwef yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifrnf jzpfonf/ NTFS-
wyfqifay; formatted yHp k jH zifh tuste jyefvnf vnfywfomG ;apEkid yf gonf/
xm;onf/ odkYaomf Mac uGefysLwmrsm;twGufrl toHk;rjyKEkdifay/ ¤if;wGif
Mini USB port jzifh qufo,
G f
toH;k jyKEidk o
f nf/ 256 bit encryption utility wpfck yg&SdjyD;jzpfojzifh aysmufqHk;
onfjzpfap? tckd;cH&onfjzpfap safeguard jzifh xdef;odrf; apmifh
a&SmufoGm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 149 a':vm
jzpfonf/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Toshiba Qosmio G45-AV680

[JAD;0dwftqifh Laptop contender [k owfrSwfEkdifonf/
Toshiba taejzifh Qosmio pD;&D;udk xkwfa0cJh&mwGif G 45- AV HD DVD
burner
680 onf topfvGifqHk; armf',fjzpfonf/ yHkysufyef;ysufjzpf
avmufatmif xkxnfMuD;rm;onfh Laptop wpfrsKd;[k qkd&ygvdrhf
rnf/ tav;csdefrSmvnf; 9 'or 9 aygif av;onf/ xkdYtwl
wefzkd;owfrSwfcsufrSmvnf; 3199 a':vmjzpfaeojzifh tvGef Volume
dial
aps;EIef;jrifhrm;aeonf/ xkdodkYaomtcsufrsm;udkom arhavsmhxm;
Edkifrnfqkdygu qdkzG,f&mr&Sdaom Laptop uGefysLwmwpfvHk; jzpf Fingerprint
reader
oGm;apEkid yf gonf/ Display rSmvnf; 1080 p t&nf
taoG; tjynfht0ay;Ekdifaom 17 vufr t&G,f
widescreen trsKd;tpm; jzpfaeonf/ ¤if;wGif wyf
qifyg&Sdvmaom HD DVD - R writable drive ESifh
vdkufzufnDvSonf/ TV tuner udkvnf; toifhcsdwf
qufxm;jyD;jzpfjcif;aMumifh ,aeY tjyif;txef
awmif;qdkvmonfh high- definition udk tjynfht0
yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifygonf/ 2.0 GHz Intel Core
2 Duo I7300 processor udk oHk;xm;jyD; 2GBDDR2 SDRAM ESifh 320 hard drive wdkYESifh twl 512 MB nVidia GeForce
8600 M GT Card udk wyfqifxm;ay;onf/ aumif;vSygonf[k a<u;aMumfcJhonfh HP Pavillion dv 9500 t ESifh,SOfí
prf;oyfMunhf&m tppt&m&m omvGef aumif;rGefaeaMumif; awGU&onf/

36 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS

HP Photosmart A626 Compact Photo Printer

pwkdifusus "mwfyHkxkwfvkyfEkdifrnfh y&ifwmtrsKd;tpm;jzpf 4 'or 8 vufrt&G,f
onf/ owfrSwf a&mif;aps;rSm 179 a':vmom &Sdojzifh touch-screen
"mwfyx kH w
k v f yk rf u I kd rdrt
d rd w
f iG yf if t&nftaoG;aumif;aumif;jzifh stylus
xkwfvkyf,lEkdifrnfhtajctae&Sdonf/ 4 'or 8 vufrt&G,f
touch screen av; xnhfay;xm;jcif;aMumifh mini photo kiosk
[k ac:qkdowfrSwfEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ tav;csdeftm;jzifh 3 'or 2
aygifomav;onf/ bufx&D xnfhoGif;jyD;ygu 4 aygif jzpfoGm;
Edik o
f nf/ A 626 av;udk 4 vufr _6 vufrt&G,t f pm; "mwfykH
aygif; 75 yHkudk wpfqufwnf; xkwfvkyf&ef pDpOfay;Ekdifonf/
"mwfyHkxkwfvkyf&mwGif standard taejzifh 5 vufr _ 7 vufr
[k owfrSwfay;xm;jyD; panoramas yHkrsm;twGif; 4 vufr _
12 vufrtxd cGifhjyKxm;&Sdonf/ ¤if;udk uGefysLwmrSjzpfap?
uifr&mrS Pict Bridge taetxm;jzifhjzpfap? memory card
rsm;rSjzpfap odYkr[kwf USB key rSjzpfap wku d ½f ukd x
f wk v
f yk af y;Ekid f udk,fxnf
&ef pDpOfxm;&SdjyD;jzpfonf/ Touch-screen-based menu rSwpf t&G,tf pm; 5 'or 2 vufr _ 9 'or 9 vufr _
qifh "mwfyw kH nf;jzwfrrI sm;? frame xnho f iG ;f rIrsm;tm;vH;k aqmif 4 'or 6 vufr&Sod nf/
&Guf,lEdkifonf/ rifzkd;? puúLzkd;ESifh wGufcsufMunhfygu 4 vufr
_ 6 vufrt&G,f"mwfyHkwpfyHktwGuf 29 qifhom usoifhrnf
jzpfonf/ "mwfyx kH wk &f mwGif yuwd "mwfyo kH bm0udk &aponf/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Canon Selphy CP740

2 vufrt&G,f tvGefaps;EIef;csKdomaom "mwfyHkxkwf y&ifwmtrsKd;tpm;

LCD display wpfckjzpfonf/ ukd,fxnft&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 2 'or 5 vufr
_ 7 vufr _ 5 vufr&Sdum tav;csdeftm;jzifh 2 'or 1
aygifav;onf/ tMuD;qHk; "mwfyHkt&G,ftpm; 4 vufr _ 8
vufrtxdom xkwEf idk o f nf/ owfrw S af &mif;aps;rSm 99 a':vm
om &Sdonf/ bufx&D option yg&Sdjcif; r&Sday/ ¤if;wGifyg&Sdaom
2 vufrt&G,f display av;jzifh "mwfyt kH aetxm;udk preview
vkyEf idk o f nft
h jyif menus taejzifv h nf; toH;k csEikd rf nfjzpfonf/
3-in-1 Memory card ujzpfap? PictBridge taetxm;jzifhjzpfap ½dk;
Card reader
&Sif;pGm wkduf½dkuf xkwfEkdifaomfvnf; uGefysLwmrS y&ifhxkwfygu
tvdktavsmufpepfjzifh pDpOfxm;aom y½dk*&rfjzifh xkwfay;rnf
jzpfonf/ "mwfyq kH idk w
f pfcw k iG f xkw, f al om "mwfyt kH &nftaoG;
rsKd;udk &&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf tEkpdwfMunhf½IvQifrl tao;pdwf
yH&k yd rf sm; tenf;i,f tiftm;azsmhawmhaernfjzpfonf/ 4 vufr
_ 6 vufrt&G,f"mwfyHkwpfyHk xkwf,lvkdygu 1 rdepf? 4 puúefY
Mumjrifo h nf/ "mwfyw kH pfykH xkwvf yk rf tI wGuf 28 qifch efY usoifh
rnf jzpfonf/

38 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS

HTC Sprint Touch

Finger-friendly Windows phone jzpfjcif;aMumifh Apple

rS trTr;f wifajymqdak eonfh iPhone ud,
k OS v
f maom smartphone
trsKd;tpm;[kqkd&ayrnf/ Windows Mobile Smartphone rsm;
twGuf t"dupdeaf c:rIrmS tvGeaf o;i,faom cvkwaf v;rsm;jzifh
wefqmqifavh&Sdum interface udk vkyfaqmifapjcif;jzpfonf/
tvGejf refqefpmG tvkyf vkyuf ikd af y;Ekid o
f nf/ bufx&Doufwrf; Touch-screen
uvnf; tvGefaumif;rGefonf/ Microsoft application rsm;udk interface
txpftaighr&Sd csdwqf uf toH;k jyKEkid af ponf/ xdyw f ef;pm&if;0if
qufoG,fp&m w,fvDzkef;eHygwf 9 ck? tD;ar;vfESifh Sprint's
music wkdYudk vufnd§K;av;axmufí apcdkif;Edkifrnfhtjyif TV
options udkvnf; oHk;cGifhjyKxm;ay;onf/ pmpDpm½dkufvkyfief;
twGuf on-screen keyboard jzift h oH;k jyKEdik o
f nf/ BlackBerry
Pearl's \xm;okdrItwkdif; uD;rsm; qif,ifxm;&Sdonf/ QWERTY uD;bkwfudk toGiftjyiftjynfh yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;wGif 400
MHz processor udk wyfqifxm;jyD; high-speed EV-DO Rev o networking jzifh yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;xm;onf/ Processor
rSm tvGefjrefqefpGm vkyfudkifay;ojzifh music rsm;? video rsm;udk zGifh,lonfhtcg pdwfwkdif;us aumif;rGefpGm vkyfudkifay;Ekdif
onf/ Windows Vista oH;k Laptop wpfv;kH ESihf tvTt J ajymif;jyKvkyo
f nft
h cg wpfpuúeYf ukd wpfr*D gAku
d af usmaf usmf EIe;f xm;jzifh
vkyfaqmifay;onf/ udk,fydkifokdrSD;rItwGuf 140 MB &SdjyD; y½kd*&rftwGuf 72 MB oHk;xm;onf/ tydkaqmif; odkrSD;rItwGuf
4 GB micro SD card udk toHk;jyKcGifhay;xm;onf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 549 a':vmjzpfonf/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Samsung SCH-I760
pGr;f &nfjynfh oH;k cGiahf y;xm;aom mobile product [k ac:qkd
Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/ xl;jcm;csufrSm yDpDuGefysLwmMuD;rsm;wGif orm;½dk;
us toHk;jyKavh&Sdonfh number pad ESifh QWERTY uD;bkwf
tjynft h pHk yg&Sad ponfh dual keypad xnhaf y;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
uD;bkwfudk toHk;jyKvkdonfhtcg tay:vTmudk avQmxkwf,lí
oH;k Edik yf gonf/400 MHz processor udw k yfqifxm;ojzifh tvGef
vsifjref oGufvufpGm vkyfudkifay;onf/ odkYtwGuf Windows
Mobile y½dk*&rfaqmhzf0Judk ydkrdk awmufajymifoGm;aponf/ Pro-
gram memory twGuf 54 MB ay;xm;onf/ Piesel browser
jzifh PDF files rsm;udk zGi, hf l Munh½f EI idk o
f nf/ vkyif ef;oH;k twGuf
4 GB memory card jzifh toHk;jyKaponf/ AWOL jzifh 1M ESifh
GPS application rsm;udk yHy h ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;Ekid o
f nf/ tifwmeuf
0efaqmifrt I wGuf Verizon \ jrefqefaom EV-DO Rev o jzifh
csdwfqufaqmif&GufcGifhay;xm;cJhonf/ Wi-Fi 802. 11 b/g udk tvGef awmufajymif vSyaom
vdkufavsmnDaxG aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ I760 onf 2.5 mm ESifh dual-keyboard 'DZidk ;f jzpfonf/
Bluetooth headsets ESpfrsKd;vHk; toHk;jyKEkdif&ef pDpOfxm;ay;
onf/ bufx&Doufwrf;rSmvnf; aumif;vSonf/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;rSm 249 a':vmjzpfonf/

40 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 Sandisk Sansa Take TV

rdrd\ yDpDay:rSjzpfap? wDADGay:rSjzpfap AD'D,kd½kyf&Sifrsm;udk

tvG,fulqHk;enf;vrf;jzifh Munhf½IEdkifrnfh ud&d,mav;jzpfonf/
wpfenf;qkd&aomf ½kyfjrifoHMum;tpDtpOfESifh AD'D,dk½kyf&Sifrsm;udk
MunhfEkdifrnfh USB drive av;[kqkdvQifvnf; rSm;Ekdifrnf r[kwf
ay/ FanFare.com rS content rsm;udk download vkyf,lívnf;
aumif;? files rsm;udk drag-and- drop pepfjzifh ul;xnfhívnf;
aumif; xnhfoGif;xm;Ekdifonf/ Take TV ud&d,mav;rsm;udk 4
GB yrmP0ifqHhrItwGuf a':vm 100 jzifhvnf;aumif;? 8 GB
½d;k &Si;f aom
yrmP0ifqrhH t I wGuf a':vm 150 jzifv h nf;aumif; ESprf sKd;0,f,l
remote jzifh
&&SEd idk yf gonf/ Windows XP jzifjh zpfap? Windows Vista jzifjh zpf
toH;k csEidk of nf/
ap vku d af vsmnDaxG toH;k csciG &hf o
dS nf/ Take TV taejzifh DivX/
Xvid ESifh MPEG-4 Video files rsm;udk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdif
onf/ "mwfyHkrsm;MunfhcGifhESifh music rsm; em;axmifcGifhawmh &&Sd
vdrrhf nf r[kwaf y/ odYk aomf 0ifqrhH yI rmPESit hf nD acwåorkd ;DS xm;
cGifhawmh&Sdonf/ avmavmq,f Fanfare.com rS Dexter ESifh CSI Miami rsm;udk tcrJh&Ekdifygonf/ tu,fí 0,f,lvdkvQif
tpDtpOfwpfcktwGuf 1 'or 99 a':vmESifhtxuf usoifhrnfjzpfonf/ jyefvnfMunhf½IonfhtcgwGif 720 x 576
resolution jzifh Munhf½IcGifh&Muygvdrhfrnf/ Mac toHk;jyKolrsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf; r&Sday/

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Creative Zen

SD memory card slot Creative rS xkwv f yk af om ,cifu rD',

D myav,mrsm;wGif
hard drive udk toH;k jyKcJMh uonf/ ,cktopfxu G v
f maom ZEN
wGifrl hard drive-based udk pGefYcGmí flash-based jzifh wnf
aqmufvmonfukd awGU&onf/ yg&Sv d maom screen t&G,t f pm;
rSmvnf; 2 'or 5 vufrtxd ay;vmjcif;aMumifh emrnfMuD;ae
aom iPod nano xuf ydí k us,af eonf/ xkYdtjyif FM a&'D,Edk iS hf
Voice recording feature rsm; ydkygvmonf/ aemufqHk; tm;om
csufwpfckrSm owfrSwfa&mif;csonfhwefzkd; avsmhenf;jcif;yifjzpf
onf/ iPod ESihf capacity wlaevifu h pm; wefz;dk ydí
k oufomae
onfudk awGU&onf/ 4GB yrmPtwGuf a':vm 130? 8 GB
Actual 2 'or 5 vufrt&G,f
size yrmPtwGuf a':vm 200 ESifh 16 GB yrmPtwGuf a':vm
screen jzpfojzifh iPod 250 [lí owfrSwfa&mif;csjcif;jzpfonf/ Music rsm;twGuf
nano xuf ydkvG,fonf/ WMA, MP3 ESifh AAC formats rsm;udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; AD'D,kdrsm;
twGuf WMV udk cGifhjyKxm;onf/ xkdYtjyif DivX/Xvid ESifh
MPEG-4 files rsm;udk ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKEkdifaprnfh aqmhzf0Jrsm;
xnhaf y;xm;ygao;onf/ "mwfyMkH unh&f eftwGuf JPEG wpfrsKd;
om cGifhjyKxm;onf/

42 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 New Products In Yangon
MSI VR 321 Notebook
Desktop aps;uGuf avsmhusvmjyD; Laptop aps;uGuf ydkrdk
us,fjyefYvmcsdefwGif ausmif;om;tqifh tvG,fwul 0,foHk;Ekdif
rnfhaps;EIef;jzifh owfrSwfuma&mif;csvmaom notebook trsKd;
tpm;jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh jrefrmaps;uGuw f iG f 0ifa&mufvmonfh
brand new notebook rsm;teuf aps;tcsKdomqH;k [k ajymqkE d idk yf g
vdrrfh nf/ X86 mobile PC processor rsm;teuf ti,fq;kH t&G,f
tpm;jzpfonfh WIA C7®-M processor udk oHk;xm;aMumif;
awGU&onf/ tqkdyg processor onf tjrifhqHk; performance
udk ay;EkdifouJhodkY power sawing ESifh cool temperature
operating rsm;udkvnf; cHpm;cGifh &&SdEkdifonf/ yHkazmfrsufESmjyifrSm
13 'or 3 vufrt&G,f &Sdonf/ ACV widescreen trsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf 12 vufr notebook
rsm;xuf jrifuGif; ydkaumif;aeouJhodkY 14 vufr notebook rsm;xuf portable ydk jzpfoGm;aponf/ txl;jcm;qHk;tcsufrSm
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X 38 Diamond Mainboards

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azazmf0g&?D 2008 47
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

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50 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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User Interface enf;ynmwGuf "Microsoft Surface"
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ap? cHpm;EdkifcGihf pdwful;pdwfoef;onf
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54 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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Yoggie wpfck qdkonfrSm tb,f

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azazmf0g&D? 2008 55
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2007 ckESpf qef;opfwDxGifol
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w,f / ruú q D u d k E d k i f i H r S m
tcsdefwkdawmif;wJh umv
twGif; tusKd;jzpfxGef;Ekdif
rvm;vkdY ar;&if tajzu
rjzpfEkdifbl;yJ xGufygr,f/
b,folawG bmyJajym
ajym a&SUodkYyJqkdwmu Intel
yJ jzpfygw,f/ Calssmate
udk oHk;jyD; ypfrSwftopf &Sm
aejyefw,f/ tJ'gu tar&d
uefjynfaxmifpkyJ/ rMum
ao;rDu atm&D*Gefjynfe,f
qmc&mrefwkdeJY ayghvJifjrdKU
ESpfjrdKUrSm prf;oyfcJhw,f/
vmr,fhESpfrSmvnf; Class-
mate udk toGifopfeJY aps;
uGuf0ifOD;r,f/ wkd;wuf zGHU
jzdK;jyD;whJ EkdifiH&Sd uav;rsm;
twGuf vkyfaqmifrI tjref
qH;k jyD;ajrmuf&r,f/ rsm;rsm;
odak vSmifxm;Ekid &f r,fh tajc
taersKd; a&mufatmif pDpOf
aqmif&u G af ew,fvYkd qdo k mG ;
ygw,f/
armifarmif (tif;vsm;)
Ref : Business Week,
July, 07.
azazmf0g&D? 2008 67
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rke;f p&maumif;aom Windows Features-20
qef;opfvyS gonf qdak om Windows Vista onf Windows XP tm; tqihjfri§ w
awmfawmfrsm; rsm; yg0ifaeygvrd rfh nf/
odkY&mwGif ¤if;\ features wdkif;
onf csD ; rG r f ; Mobm ay;p&mcsnf ;
r[kwaf y/ Vista toH;k jyK olrsm;teuf
orm;½dk;us vrf;½dk;MudKufolrsm;tae
jzifh Aero user interface udk vdvk v
kd m;
vm; r&SdMuouJhodkY wcsKdUuvnf;
UAC (user access controls) udk pGefY
ypfvMkd uygvdrrfh nf/ þuJoh Ykdaom tae
txm;rsm;&SdaecJhjcif;onf wu,fwrf;
tm;jzifh topftqef; r[kwfay/ yDpD
toHk;jyKMuolrsm;taejzifh 1985 ckESpf
Windows 1.0 udk Microsoft rS pwif
xkwfvkyfvdkufuwnf;u rjzpfrae
toHk;jyK&onfh Windows tools trsKd;
rsKd;tay: qHyifuGufp&m pdwftaESmihf
t,Sufrsm; cHpm;vmcJhMu&jcif; jzpf
onf/
,ck t cg Microsoft [l o nf
trnfemrudk atmifyGJcHcJhonfrSm 22
ESpfwif;wif;jynfhjyD jzpfouJhodkY com-
70 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEWS: ANALYSIS
hf ifxm;csuf
puting platform rSm pdwfvuf rtD
rom jzpfp&m taMumif;tcsufawGudk
vnf; trSwfw&owdjyKrdonfh tcsuf
aygif; 20 avmuf &SdoGm;cJhjyD jzpfonf/
uav;wpfa,muf\ tqdk;tEGJUrsm;udk
auseyf ESpfodrfhpGm cHpm;rdwwfMuonfh
tvm; windows \ tMuD;rm;qHk;
flops ESifh flaws rsm;udk oabmus ESpf
jcdKufpGmjzifhyif wifjy&awmhrnf jzpf
onf/ tqdkyg trSwfw&jzpfzG,f&m
windows features rsm;udk tedrhfqHk;
tqifhrS pwifum tqihfvdkuf wifjy
ay;vdkygonf/
20 DRIVESPACE
odrk ;DS ud&,
d mav;awGrmS data awG?
files awGtwGuf ae&mydkrdkzefwD;ay;&ef
compress vk y f , l a paom tool ud k
drive space [k ac:a0:oH;k pGc J MhJ uonf/
odkrDS;yrmPESifh ywfoufí tera-byte
xuf0ufcefY yrmPcefY &Sdonfh hard
disk wpfck\ wefzdk;onf a':vm 90
cefYom usoihfaom tcsdeftcgwGif
megabyte cefY yrmPavmuf ydkifqdkif
cGihf&jcif;udk arhavsmhxm;vdkufMuawmh
onf/ tav; rrlwwfMuawmhay/
1993 ckESpfwGif DOS 6.0 ESifhtwl
Double Space udr k w
d qf ufay;cJo h nf/
jydKifqdkifbuf Stac Electronics jzifh
patent wpfckudk tay;t,lrQwpGm jzpf
cJjh yD;aemuf windows 95 wGif ¤if;tpm;
Drive Space udk toHk;cscGihf &oGm;
ap&ef pDpOf aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf/
Drive Space taejzifh data rsm;
udk disk wpfckay:wGif ae&mESpfqcefY
ydkvmaponftxd n§pfxnfhay;Edkif
onf/ odkY&mwGif tqdkyg data rsm;udk
recover jyefvy k o
f nft h cgwGirf l pGeYf peG Yf
pm;pm; &SdaeMu&onf/ Windows XP

rS pí Drive Space udk yHhydk;ay;jcif;
r&Sad wmhay/ xdt
k csuu
f kd rnforl Q owd
rjyKrdvdkufMuay/
19 WINDOWS MOVIE MAKER
xGufay:vmjyD;orQ windows
version rsm;teuf vlwdkif; pdwfwdkif;
rus jzpfMu&onfh version rSm win-
dows Me jzpfonf/ tqdkyg Win-
dows Me wGif Windows Movie
Maker udk yxrqHk; rdwfquf xnfh
oGif;ay;cJhonf/ Apple \ iMovie
video editor udk tm;usí xnfhay;
vdkufonf[k xifjrif,lq&onf/
yDpDtoHk;jyKolrsm;taejzifhrl tqdk
yg windows movie maker tm; bare-
bones y½dk*&rfwpfcktaejzifh tod
trSwf jyKvdkufMuonf/ Titling vkyf
ief;pOfvnf; aqmif&Gufr&? effects
rsm;vnf; xnfhr&? transition effect
yHkpHjyK tjzpfom toHk;csEdkifonf/ ouf
qdkif&m format wpfck abmiftwGif;rS
om video output udk jyKvkyaf y;Edik jf cif;
jzpfonf/
wpfzef windows XP wGif Movie
Maker 2.0 udk xnfah y;vmjyefygonf/
Movie Maker 2.0 taejzifh xdu k x f ukd f
wefwef toHk;csEdkifonfhtqihf &Sdae
aomfvnf; windows Me wGif yg0ifcJh
onfhtqihfrS plygrif;ac:í ysHwuf
vdkuf,l&ouJhodkY toHk;jyKolrsm; cHpm;
Mu&onf/ odkYaomf Madonna \
Ray of Light aw;oGm;aemufcHESihf
twl ay:xGufvmonf/ Windows
Vista wGifrl Movie Maker 6.0 udk
xnfhay;vmcJhjyefygonf/ Windows
3.0, 4.0 ESihf 5.0 rsm; b,fqaD &mufomG ;
onfrod jzpfMu&onf/
18 WEB TV FOR WINDOWS
Windows version wpfck wpfck
xGufay:vmwdkif; feature topfwpfck
ck yg0ifvmpjrJ[k yDpDtoHk;jyKolwdkif;
vufcH em;vnfxm;Muonf/ Win-
dows 98 wGir f l ouf0ifxad &mufrI enf;
yg;aom Web TV qdkonfh feature udk
xnfhjzpfatmif xnfhay;vdkufonf/
Tuner card wpfckudk wyfqifjyD; ra&
r&m toHk;cscGihf jyKxm;cJhonf/ Intel
\ short-lived intercast service udk
jzwfí web TV rS TV features rsm;udk
interactive jzpfapaomenf;jzifh cGihfjyK
ay;onf/ aES;auG;vSonfhtjyif sta-
ble vnf; rjzpfay/ screen savers
ESifh clash jzpfwwfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H
vnf y wf a e&if ; &yf w ef Y oG m ;wwf
onf/ rdrdyDpDtay: hackers orm;rsm;
tm; zdwfac:ay;aeonfhtvm; vHkjcHK
pdwfcs&rI uif;aom tajctaersm; &Sd
aeapcJhonf/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
17 SHUT DOWN
yDpD toHk;jyKoltcsKdUonf win-
dows tm; pwif&ef wif,lvdkufonf
ESifh toHk;jyKEdkifonfh tqihfa&muf
onftxd apmihpf m;ae&rItwGuf nnf;
wGm;ajymqdak vh &SMd uonf/ wu,fwrf;
rSmrl vkyfief;rsm;jyD;qHk;í windows
MuD;tm; ydwf,lonfhtcg apmihfqdkif;&
onfh tcsdeu f ydík pdwyf sufp&m aumif;
vSonf/ odkYtwGuf Microsoft rS
Windows Vista wG i f r l shutting
down vkyf&rI ydkí tqifajyvmapyg
vdrhfrnf[k tmrcHcsuf ay;vm&onf/
oHk;Munfhonfhtcg tmrcHcsufESihftnD
,cifu version rsm;xuf tcsdefukef
oufomvmrIudk awGU&onf/ odkYaomf
Windows session wpfckudk ydwf&ef
vkyfenf;vkyf[ef rwlawmhojzihf uod
uatmuf jzpfMu&jyefygonf/
16 PAINT
Paint y½dk*&rfav;onf 1985 ck
ESpfWindows 1.0 version xkwfvkyf
pOfuwnf;u wpdu k rf wfrwf yg&Svd mcJh
aom y½dk*&rfav; jzpfonf/ q,fpkESpf
ESpfckausmf jzwfoef;vmcJhjyD; jzpfaomf
vnf; rSwfavmufom;avmufonfh
tajymif;tvJ[lí tenf;tusOf;om
awGUMu&onf/
azazmf0g&?D 2008 71
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Vista wGirf l wu,f"h mwfyv
kH yk if ef;
ESihf qufET,ftoHk;jyKEdkifonfh features
rsm; yg&SdvmcJhonf/ ¤if;udk windows
photo gallery [k ac:wGifxm;onf/
axmifpkESpful;vmonfhwdkif Paint y½dk
*&rfav;udk þrQ safe bet wpfcktjzpf
cHpm;cGihfrsKd; Microsoft rS ray;tyfcJh
aMumif; ajymEdkifrnf jzpfonf/
15 WINDOWS AERO
Microsoft taejzifh Windows
Vista tm; OS topfwpfcktjzpf xdk;
azmuf ausmfvmT ;&mwGif Aero user in-
terface udk t"du aomhcsuwf pfct
k jzpf
toHk;csum trTrf;wif&if; a&TMudKvkyfcJh
yg onf/ xdk;azmuf jrifawGUapaom
tm½Hkzrf;pm;rIrsKd;ay;aom feature jzpf
onf/
tcsKdU a0zef qef;ppfolrsm;url
Aero \ tm;omcsufESifh [mh'f0J jznfh
wif;&onfh tajctaeESihf rumrd[k
ajymqdkMuonf/ awmif;qdkxm;onfh
[mh'f0J rjynfhpHkygu Aero onf sys-
tem udk qdkYydwfxm;ovdk jzpfapum
*&yfzpfpGrf;tm;udk avsmhenf;oGm;ap
onf[k ajymqdkMuonf/ awmif;cHrI
rjynfhpHkonfESifh rdrdtm; owif;ydkYjcif;
rjyKawmhbJ Aero interface udk ydwf
ypfvdkufwwfonf/
72 uGefysLwm*sme,f
14 ACTIVE DESKTOP
Active Desktop qdkonfrSm end
users awGtaejzifh ouf0if vIyf&Sm;rI
tjynfjh zihf cif;usif;jyorI jyKvkyEf ikd &f ef
tvdkYiSm Microsoft \ Internet Ex-
plorer-4 ESihftwl xnfhay;vdkufaom
Feature jzpfonf/ Internet Explorer
4.0 udk Windows 98 \ update tpdwf
tydkif;wpfcktjzpf yg0ifapcJhonf/ ¤if;
onf ¤if;udk,fwdkif auto-update vkyf
vsuf ae&m,lxm;onf/
Yahoo Widget Engine \
tajccHpw d u f ;l ESihf wpfxyfwnf;&So
d nf/
Apple \ Dashboard jzif h v nf ;
cyfqifqifwo l nf/ ,ckrS ay:xGuv f m
onfh Vista \ Gadgets rsm;jzifhyif
tajccH obm0 twlwjl zpfonf/ odYk &m
wGif ¤if;wdkYaMumifh yDpDrsm; vkyfief;
aqmif&Guf&mwGif aES;auG;rI &Sdaeap
onfhtjyif tifwmeuf dialup con-
nection rsKd;wGifvnf; aES;auG;oGm;ap
ygonf/ Active Desktop aMumifh
Windows vnfywfrIudk aES;auG;ap
aMumif; toHk;jyKolwdkif; od&Sd em;vnf
xm;jyD; jzpfMuonf/
13 WINDOWS XP SEARCH
,ckawmh Vista udk toHk;jyKcGihf&
aeMujyD jzpfonf/ yDpDtoHk;jyKolrsm;
taejzifh vGefcJhaom av;ESpfavmufu
wnf;u OS rSm yg&Sdvmonfh search
features ud k apmih f p m;cJ h M u&onf /
Windows XP Search onf ½IyfaxG;
jcif;? aES;auG;jcif; ponfwdkYuJhodkYaom
[efcsufrIrsm;aMumifh pdwfysufp&m
aumif;vSonf/ tqdkyg udpötwGuf
toH;k jyKoltcsKdU rESpjf rdKUaMumif; od&cdS &hJ
onf[k Microsoft ukrÜPDrSyif 0efcH
ajymMum;cJ&h ygao;onf/ &SmazGaeaom
acG;uav;udkyif &GHrkef;vmMuonf/
Vista wGir f l acG;uav; ryg&Sad wmhonfh
canine-free zone [kyif tom;ay;
azmfjycJhMu&onf/
12 THE MICROSOFT NETWORK
Windows 95 ESihftwl pwif yg&Sd
vmonfh MSN rl&if; version udk
rnfolrQ toHk;jyKcJhMuonfr[kwfay/
rdrdudk,fudk rdrdjyefvnf qef;ppfMunhf
onfhwdkif toHk;jyKrdjcif; r&SdaMumif;
awGU&ygvdrhfrnf/ Online service udk
windows 95 pwdkif interface wpfck
tjyif MSN 1.0 u o,fvmay;cJh
onf/ AOL acwfaumif;csdefu pre-
web tjzpf jrifawGU&jcif;jzpfonf/
odYk&mwGif ¤if;onf tvdv
k kd od&EdS ikd f
jcif;r&Sday/ cyfusJusJ contents rsm;
&SdaejyD; connection speeds rSmvnf;
tvGew f &m aES;auG;vSonf/ trsm;qH;k
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
14.4 Kbps EIef;xm;om &&Sdonf/ xdk
tcsed u
f yJOG ;D xGurf mS yif acwfaemufjyef
qJGaprnfh yHkpHrsKd;jzpfum Microsoft
tm; ISP wpfck taejzifhaomfvnf;
aumif;? web services jzefYcsrd I taejzihf
vnf;aumif; jyefvnf wDxGifEdkif&ef
wGef;tm;jyKcJhMu&onf/
11 WINDOWS EXPLORER
tu,f í rsm; owd & aeOD ; rnf
qdyk gu Windows 95 rwdik rf u D Win-
dows \ File Manager udk jyefí yHk
azmfMunhfrdygvdrhfrnf/ roHk;rdolrsm;yif
&Sdaumif;&SdEdkifygonf/ yHkpHwus &Sdaom
documents udk zGihfMunfh&mwGif filter
vkyfay;onfhtaejzifh wildcards rsm;
toH;k jyK&ef pGr;f tm;uJo
h Ykdaom file man-
ager \ taumif;qHk; features tcsKdU
yif windows explorer wGif ryg&Scd ahJ y/
folder wpfcktwGif; filter rsm;\
pm&if;wpfckudk print xkwf&ef pGrf;&nf
rsK;d uJo
h Ykdaom tcsurf sm; Explorer wGif
vdt k yfaeonf/ rMumcPqdo k vdk third
party tultnDjzifh aqmif&Guf,l&
wwfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh VCOM \
power desk udk qJGoHk;,lMu&onf/
10 WINDOWS 95 USB
,cktcg USB r&Sad om b0udk arh
11
74 uGefysLwm*sme,f
aysmufaeMuavmufjyD jzpfonf/ 1997
ckESpfavmufu USB udk oHk;cGihf r&&ef
cufcJvSonf/
Windows 95 taejzif h USB
standard acwfOD;udk MudKqdkcJhonf/
Patch wpfckrSwpfqifh xnfhoGif;yHhydk;rI
udk windows 95 OSR 2.1 taejzifh
od&SdMuygvdrhfrnf/ xdkpOfu prf;oyf
toHk;jyKMuaomtcg jywfawmif; jywf
awmif; tajctaersKd;jzihfom vkyfudkif
aqmif&Gufay;aMumif; awGU&onf/
wpfcgwpf&H yDpv D nfywfru I ykd if twm;
tqD; jzpfoGm;apwwfonf/ OSR 2.1
aMumifh Windows 95 jzihf vnfywf
aom uGefysLwm &yfwefYoGm;aponfh
tjzpfrsKd;rsm;vnf; MuHKcJh&onf/
Windows 98 wGir f l built-in USB
support xnfhoGif;vmonf/ odkYaomf
¤if ; onf v nf ; tH h M oavmuf z G , f
aumif;rGefrI r&SdEdkifcJhay/ Bill Gate
udk,fwdkif pifjrihfay:wGif USB scan-
ner jzifh wyfqif prf;oyfjypOfrSmyif
toHk;jyKaom yDpD &yfwefYoGm;&ao;
onf/
WINDOWS GENUINE
9 xdt
ADVANTAGE
Microsoft onf pirates rsm;jzifh
wdkufcdkufae&ygovm;[k ar;cGef;xkwf
vmcJhonf&Sdaomf taotcsm &Sdae
10
aMumif; csufcsif;ajzMum;rdrnfrmS trSef
yif jzpfygonf/ odYk&mwGif WGA (Win-
dows Genuine Advantage) onf pi-
racy check tjrJwap vkyfay;aeum
OS copy [k rSwf,lygu nag notes
rsm;jzihf wusnfusnf vkyfaeygvdrhf
rnf/ xdkodkY nagging feature ygonfh
yxrqHk; version wGif security up-
dates ESifh twloGif;xm;jyD; ckd;ul;acG
twGuf Windows \ w&m;0ifaumfyD
rsm; rSm;,Gi;f aejcif;twGuf ausmMf um;cJh
onf/
,aeYacwfydkif;wGifrl Firefox rS
wpfqifh Microsoft aqmhz0f u J kd down-
load vky, f &l ef MudK;pm;jcif;onf rouf
rom jzpfMu&onf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
Microsoft rS WGA a&mif;csjcif;onf
toHk;jyKoltm; cdk;ul;acGudk 0,f,l
toHk;rjyKap&ef pDpOf xkwfvkyfjcif;om
jzpfonf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
8 END TASK
y½dk*&rfwpfck hangs jzpfoGm;vQif
Ctrl/Alt/Del wdkYudk wGJESdyfvdkufjcif;jzihf
Task Manager xGufay:vmonf/
k cg tqdyk g application udk ydw&f ef
twGuf End Task udk click vkyfay;
vdkuf&onf/ tu,fí xdkodkY vkyf
aqmifonfhwdkif xl;jcm;rI r&Sdao;ygu
xyfumxyfum vkyfaqmifay;&onf/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
6
uHaumif;vQif tMudrfenf;enf;jzihf
jyD;oGm;rnfhoabm &Sdonf/
tb,faMumifh OS \ raorcsm
jzpfae&aom tqdkyg tajccHvu©Pm
toGit f jyif jzpfae&onfukd twdtus
rod&aomaMumifh t&nftcsif;rrDouJh
odkY cHpm;Mu&onf/ wpfcsdefwnf; ay:
xGufvmaom Mac OS X \ tvm;
wl feature rSmrl vkyfudkif aqmif&Guf,l
wdkif; pdwfwdkif;us jzpfMu&onf/
7 USER ACCOUNT CONTROL
UAC \ pdwful;&if;udk ajymqdk
jcif; r&SdcJhjcif;onf toHk;rusouJhodkY
jzpfomG ;&onf/ uGeyf sLwmonf pGeYf pm;
vkyfudkif&rnfh tajctaersKd; &SdcJhvQif
rdrdtwGuf ppfaq;csihfcsdef&ef tcGihf
tvrf; &&SdoGm;aponf/
vufawGUoabmt& rnfonfh
tcgwGifjzpfap UAC onf xl;xl;jcm;
jcm;yif tcsufjyay;ygonf/ alarming
screen ESihftwl aysmufoGm;jcif;rsKd;ESifh
pGefYpGefYpm;pm; vkyfudkif&rnfh tae
txm;&SdaMumif; cGihfawmif;csufudk
cryptic dialog box rS ar;jref;jcif;rsKd;
MuHKawGU&rnf/ odkYtwGuf Vista uJhodkY
aom version twGuf UAC udk ydkí
pG r f ; pG r f ; wrH jyKvk y f v moih f o nf /
taMumif;rSm Vista rS rpGrf;aqmifEdkif
aom puft&nftaoG;twGuf rMum
76 uGefysLwm*sme,f
cP owday;csufrsm;ESifh jynfhESufae
rnf jzpfojzifh pdwt
f aESmiht
f ,Suf uif;
a0;ap&ef vdktyfaejcif;aMumifh jzpf
onf/
6 WINDOWS UPDATE
Windows XP twGuf software
patches rsm;jzifh csOf;uyf,l&onfh
tajctaetwGuf rnfolrqdk a0zef
ajymqdkp&m wpfyHkwpfyif &SdMuygvdrhf
rnf/ odkYaomf vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk
ar;jref;pHkprf;Munfh&m a,bk,s tus
qHk; complaint onf Windows Up-
date twGuf pop ups box jzifh em;yl
emqmvkyfjcif; jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
xdk dialog box wGif "I'll reboot
when I'm ready" [l a om trS w f
tom;jyK cvkwfwpfckvdkaeonf[kyif
MuHrMd uH&m ,lqrdygonf/ Vista qdyk gu
tqdkygudpt ö wGuf tcsdef tawmfMum
ay;&ayawmhrnf/
5 MASSENGER SERVICE
tu,fí aMumfjimwpfckudk Mes-
senger Service [laom acgif;pOfyg
onfh windows av;wpfckjzihf yGihfvm
vQif rdrd system twGuf vHkjcHKrI r&SdEdkif
aom tajctaersm; &S d a eaMumif ;
oauFwtjzpf em;vnfxm;Mu&rnf/
5
tcsKd U aom aMumf j imorm;rsm;onf
tifwmeufrSwpfqifh tqdkyg service
udk toH;k csum information vTww f ifrI
rsm; pwif&Sdaewwfygonf/ xdkodkY &Sd
vmygu Adik ;f &yfpw
f pfcak wmh ygvmjyD[k
odxm;vdkufoihfonf[laom today;
aMunmcsuf aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fudk Mi-
crosoft rS jzefYa0cJhonf/
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xGufvmwmudkd awGU&ygr,f/ Windows 9.X series awG
uawmh Windows 95 OSR1, Windows 95 OSR2,
Windows 98 OEM, Windows 98 SE, Windows 98 ME
'DWindows awGrSmvJ oufqkdif&m DOS awGuawmh ygae
wm awGU&rSmyg/ 'gayr,fh a&SUuxGucf o Jh vkrd sK;d DOS oD;oefY
tvkyfvkyfwmawmh r[kwfawmhbl;/ tm;vHk; Combine
aygif;jyD; tvkyfvkyfwmudkawGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ Windows
xJuaejyD; DOS qdw k Jh Shell awGukd MS DOS Prompt awG
uaejyD; wpfqifhtoHk;jyKvkdY&ygw,f/ Background rSmawmh
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tm;vHk;[m Workstation series awGbufrS Microsoft
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bufuvkyfchJwhJ Product awGyJ jzpfw,f/ 'ghtjyif Micro-
soft uaejyD; NOS udk toHk;jyKzkdYtwGuf Server awGay:rSm
toHk;jyKr,f/ Network Operating System NT 3.5 ukdvJ
xkwfchJao;w,f/ odyfjyD; ratmifjrifchJbl;/ 'gaMumifh Win-
dows NT 3.5 series awGukd upgrade vkyx f m;whJ Windows
NT 4 series awGudk xkwfchJwm awGU&r,f/ Windows NT
4 Workstation eJ Y Server awG b uf r S m toH k ; jyKr,f /
Windows NT 4 Server awGqdkjyD; 2 rsKd; xGufvmrSm awGU&
ygvdrhfr,f/ 'ghtjyif 'DaeY a&yef;pm;aewhJ Windows 2000
Server, Server 2003 qkdjyD; server version awGuawmh
workstation version awGyg xGufaewmudk awGUae&rSm jzpf
ygw,f/ 'guawmh Windows vkdYac:whJ Microsoft Plat-
form wpfcx k u J ykd J uGujf yD;ajymwmyg/ wjcm; Environment
awG? Platform awGvJ &Sdaewm trsm;MuD;ygyJ/ Oyrm server
twGuf NOS yJxkwfwhJ Novel Network, Unix, Linux,
Apple MAC qkdwhJ Operating System awG? Network
Operating System awGvJ &SdMuwmyg/ trsm;MuD;ygyJ/
t"duuawmh 'Dae&mrSm OS wpfck[m wnfaqmufxm;whJ
Hardware awGtay:rSm b,fvkd tvkyfvkyfovJqkdwm
tajccH? tMurf;zsif;od&if &ygjyD/ Operating System Basic
aygh/
aumif;rGefwhJ Hardware awGay:rSm Disk Operating
System wpfcu k pkd jyD; Install vkyf toH;k jyKjyDq&dk if tJ'D DOS
ay:rSm uReaf wmfwYdkawGu tvkyv f yk zf Ydk oufqidk &f m Program
awG? Application awGeJY wjcm;aom toHk;cs Software
awGudk toHk;jyKwmvkdYyJ jrifMuygw,f/ 'gawGtjyif wnf
aqmufxm;whJ Hardware ypönf;awGudk Software layer
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Oyrm Software Layer awG[m Hardware Layer awGudk
toHk;jyKzkdYtwGuf jyefvJjyD; taxmuftyhH ay;&ygw,fvkdY
ajymcsiwf myg/ Storage Media, Memory, System Proces-
sor awG tqifhqifh Layer awGeJY qufoG,fwmygyJ/ wcsKdU
Hardware Layer awGuaejyD; csdwfquf qufoG,fwhJtcg
rSm wcsKUd udak usmv f mT ;jyD; csw
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ygr,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh wcsKdUaom Hardware awG[m
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System awG&JU Standard device awG[m System ROM
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tJ'D device awG&JU tvkyfvkyfr,fhtqifh (routine) awG[m
wpfcgwnf;ygjyD;om; jzpfaeygw,f/ Layer tqifq h ifu
h vJ
odaejyD;om;yg/ wcsKdUaom device awGusawmh System
90 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ROM BIOS awGxJrSm rygygbl;/ 'gudk Non-Standard
device awGvkdY ac:ygw,f/ 'D device awGusawmh tqifh
wpfqifhuae aemufwpfqifhudk tvkyfvkyfzkdYtwGuf device
driver awG vkdtyfygw,f/ device driver r&SdchJbl;/ OS u
rodbl;qkd&if tJ'D device awGudk (Hardware) Operating
System awGu oHk;vkdY r&ygbl;/ 'gqkd end user awGvJ
toH;k jyKvkYd r&ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'DaeY Windows pepf wpfcck k
udk Install vkyfjyD;jyDqkd&if vkdtyfwhJ? wyfqifxm;whJ Hard-
ware awGtwGuf OS uodaeatmif Hardware device
driver awGudk t&ifOD;qHk; Install vkyfay;&ygw,f/ 'grS
omvQif Windows OS awG[m Stable jzpfygvdrfhr,f/
tajccHtm;jzifh Stable jzpfwJh Windows OS awG[m System
crashes eJY conflict jzpfzkdY tcGifhtvrf; enf;ygw,f/ ysufpD;
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k kd qGjJ yxm;ygw,f/
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awGu taxmuftul? taxmuftyhHay;aewmudk awGU&yg
r,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DtajccH oabmw&m;udk Munhfjcif;tm;jzifh
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ay:rSm Windows NT Platform pepfwpfckudk Install
vkyfMunhfvkdufyg/ Hardware ypönf;awG wu,faumif;rS
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awmh Install rvkyfygeJY? 'D OS awG[m Hardware Error
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awGuawmh Hardware requirement awmif;qkdrIu Strong
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jzpfw,f/ Machine Language awGtwGuf assembler
program awGudk toHk;jyKwm awGU&ygr,f/ Low level pro-
graming vkdYvJ ac:ygw,f/ Hardware Level awGudk udkif
wG,fajz&Sif;wmqkdawmh Program Knowledge todynm

uawmh (externely Knowledgeable) programmer wpf
a,muftaeeJY tm;vHk; odjyD;om; jzpfae&ygr,f/ 'DaeYxdvJ
toHk;us toHk;0ifaeqJ jzpfygw,f/ wpfaeYwpfaeY xGufae
whJ Hardware ypön;f awGu enf;rS renf;wm/ 'D Hardware
awGtay:rSm assembler awGudk toHk;csaewkef;ygyJ/ 'g
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Platform trsKd;rsKd;ay:rSm Basic Code awG uGJjym;jcm;em;rI
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end user Level awG toHk;jyKzkdYtwGuf High-Level Pro-
gram awGukd oufqi dk &f m Platform awGrmS toH;k csvmwmudk
awGU&ygr,f/
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tvkyf vkyMf uwm? 'D Machine Code awGu qufo, G x
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ajymif;vJ (generated) ypfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYodxm;whJ
command.com qdkwhJ file ygyJ/ 'g[m system file wpfck
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bmomjyefvYdk&vmwhJ code awGukd process vkyrf ,fh oufqidk f
&m processor awGqDudk ydkY&ygw,f/ 'D Level udka&mufjyD
qkdwmu services awGtjzpfeJY toHk;jyK&jyDvkdY ajymwmeJY
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system wpfcp k wmeJY System BIOS awGxu J BIOS Routin
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file jzpfygw,f/ Attribute taeeJY Read only, system,
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operation system file wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'D file [mvJ
system file wpfck jzpfwt Jh wGuf Attribute awG &Syd gvdrrhf ,f/
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ac:wifxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 5 uawmh command.com
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program awG? Application awGtwGuf vkdtyfwhJ device
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w,f/ 7 uawmh user interface yJ jzpfygw,f/ tck &Sif;jy
wm[m DOS tajccHqkdawmh User Interface uvJ 'C:\>'
vkdYac:whJ 'C' prompt taeeJY ay:aerSm jzpfygw,f/ Com-
mand Line Interface vkdYvJ ac:ygw,f/ Disk 'A' uaejyD;
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disk udk bypass vkyfum RAM rS vHk;
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í tjcm; vHkjcHKa&;pDrHcsuf tpDtrHrSm udp?ö e-mailing udp?ö copying udpEö iS hf
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jcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;twGuf vufaAGjzifh rsm;twGuf
ppf aq; cGihfjyKjcif; jzpfojzihf y&if sensitive in-
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character set . Character rsm;tjzpf udk,fpm;jyKonfh character set tajymif;tvJwpf&yftjzpf ½IjrifEkdifonf/

t&mtm;vHk; yg0ifonfh tkyfpktjynfhtpHkwpfck jzpfonf/ toH;k trsm;qH;k erlem wpf&yftaejzihf (t*Fvyd f r[kwo f nh)f
Character set wGif EkdifiHjcm;bmompum; oauFw set wpfckukd Oyrm Munhf½I
Ä tu©&mpmvHk;rsm; Ekdifonf/ ,if; symbol set wGif set \ punctuation
Ä binary digit rsm; jzpfMuonfh 0 ESifh 1 rsm; rsm;tm;vHk; yg0ifMuonf/ odkYaomfvnf; pufukdtoHk;jyKrnfh
Ä morse code wGif toHk;jyKonfh singal twGJ tjynfhtpHk EkdifiHESifh oifhawmfatmif aiGaMu;oauFw? av,lavodrf;
Ä ASCII character 128 vHk;wdkY yg0ifMuonf/ ygonfho&rsm; ponfwkdYukdvnf; tpm;xkd; xnfhoGif;xm;
a,bk,stm;jzifh character set wpfckonf pmvHk;rsm;? onf/ Symbol set rsm;udk Internation Standards Organi-
*Pef;rsm; punctuation mark rsm;ESifh uGefysLwm odkYr[kwf zation u owfrSwfjy|mef;NyD; ISO–57 uJhodkY standard
peripheral rsm;u rSwfrdtoHk;jyKEkdifonfh oauFwrsm;ukd designtional rsm; yl;wGJowfrSwfay;xm;wwfonf/ uGefysL
&nfñTef;onf/ Set wpfcktwGif;rS character toD;oD;udk wmtoHk;csrIrSm urÇm&yf&yfwGif wkd;wuf rsm;jym;vmjcif;
single byte jzifh uk, d pf m;jyKEdik o f nfh numeric code wpfcok Ykd aMumifh uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh symbol rsm; aemufxyfzefwD;zkdY
0 rS 225 txd code vkyfxm;aom character rSm trsm;qHk; vkdtyfvmaponf/ odkYjzifh xHk;xrf;pOfvmt& 8 bit coding
256 vHk;txd &SdcGifhjyKonf/ pepfrsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufrI r&Sdawmhay/ vuf&SdtcsdefwGif
toHk;trsm;qHk; coding pepfrSm American Standard symbol set tajymif;tvJrsm;pGmudk vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
Code for Information Interchange odkYr[kwf ASCII jzpf
onf/ ]]Standard}} [kac:onfh ASCII onf byte wpfcpk \ D
yxr 7 bit ukdom toHk;jyKonf/ 0 rS 127 txd character
128 vHk;ygaom range udk owfrSwfjy|mef;onf/ IBM PC
ESifh Mecintosh architercture ESpfckpvHk;wGif standard
r[kwfaom tydk character 128 vHk;udk 128 rS 255 txd
extended ASCII character set wpfcktjzpf owfrSwf
jy|mef;xm;onf/ rnfokdYqkdapumrl map vkyfxm;onfh
character tppfrsm;onf platfrom ESpfcktMum; (IBM ESifh
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jcm;em;rI &Sdonf/
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wpf&yfrmS EBCDLC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code) jzpfonf/ tufbfqD;'pf[k toHxGuf
onf/ EBCDLC onf ppfreS o f nfh 8 bit coding pepfwpfck
jzpfNyD; tajccHtm;jzifh IBM rdef;z&drf uGefysLwmrsm;ESifh
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wpf&yfjzpfatmif yHkoGif;Ekdifonfh uGefysLwm\ tajccH ASCII Character Set

azazmf0g&?D 2008 101

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change directory. DOS wGif rdr\ d zkid rf sm;ukd pkpnf;&ef
disk wpfckay:wGif directory rsm;udk zefwD;Ekdifonf/
ay;xm;onfh directory rsm; (rdwåLul;yg? azsmufzsufyg?
zkdifukda&TUyg ponf) xJwGif&Sdonfh zkdifwpfckESifh tvkyf vkyf
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directory odkY ajymif;vJ&onf/
cd \ directory
md \ directory
rd \ directory
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mand ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ Diretcory qkod nfrmS rdrad jymif;a&TU
aqmif&Guf vdkonfh directory jzpfonf/
md \ directory onf make directory, rd \ directory
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memory directory zki
d rf sm; memeory sub-directory rsm;udk
t&ifqHk; &Sif;vif;ypf&onf/
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rsm;wGif disk drvie wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxufykdí yg&Sd
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udk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ D, E, F ponfjzifh tykd drives rsm;
twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ (path udk Munfhyg/)
chart recorder . rSwfwrf;wifud&d,mwpfckjzpfonf/
atmufbuf&Sd pm&Gufwpf&Gufu vm;&mwpfzuftwkdif;
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chassis. uGey f sLwmwpfv;kH \owåKz&deaf bmifudk ac:onf/
Chassis owåKtcGHxJwGif motherboard, power supply
unit, disk driver tp&SdonfwkdYukd csdwfquf xnfhoGif;
xm;&Sdonf/
chat. tif w meuf a y:wG i f
tjcm;aomolrsm;ESifh message
udk avmavmvwfvwf tjyef
tvSefay;ydkY vufcHqufoG,f
jcif; jzpfonf/ xkdvkyfaqmif
csuf &&S d & ef t wG u f txl ;
aqmhzf0JwpfrsKd; vdktyfonf/
check box. y½dk*&rfrsm;pGmwGif message rsm;udk azmfjyNyD;
tydkowif;tcsuftvufrsm; xyfjznfhay;&ef rdrdtm;
awmif;cHonfh dialog box rsm;udk MuHKawGYz;l vdrrfh nf/ Dialog
box wGif check box option rsm; okdYr[kwf radiobutton
option rsm; okdYr[kwf ,if; option ESpfrsKd;vHk; yg0ifaeEkdif
Muonf/ Radio-button option jzifhqkdygu tkyfpkwpfckxJrS
option wpfcu k okd m a&G;cs,Ef idk o
f nf/ tjcm; option wpfcuk dk
a&G;cs,fvdkufonfhtcgwGif vuf&Sda&G;cs,fxm;onfh option
rSm ab;z,fNyD;om; jzpfoGm;onf/ Check box option rsm;
jzifh tqkdygtkyfpkxJrS option rsm;ukd wpfckxufykdí a&G;cs,f
Ekid o
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f udk o
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tcsufu option zGifhxm;aMumif; ‘ñTefjyonf/ Option udk
ydwf&ef option udk jyefNyD; a&G;cs,f&onf/
check digit. udef;*Pef;wpfck\ rl&if; digit rsm;rSaeí
wGucf sux
f m;onfh tykd digit wpfcjk zpfNyD; ,if;ude;f *Pef;\
aemuf qH;k ae&mwGif xm;&So d nf/ vufjzifjh zpfap? vQypf pfBudK;
jzifjh zpfap tcsutf vufrsm; vTaJ jymif;ay;aepOfwiG f tajymif;
tvJrsm; vHk;0rjzpfay:aMumif; twnfjyK&ef toHk;jyKonf/
,if; digit onf BudKwifqHk;jzwfx;onfh udef;*Pef;wpfck
jzifh pm;xm;í &&Sdaom digit uJhokdY ½dk;½kkd;wGufcsufí&&Sdaom
&v'fwpfcv k nf; jzpfEidk o
f nf/ xkYd aemuf rl&if; ude;f *Pef;\
aemufq;kH ü xm;&S&d rnfh digit udk wGucf su&f ef t<uif; rSeof rQ
udk toHk;jyKonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pm;udef; 7 udk toHk;jyKNyD;

63360 twGuf check digit udk &Smrnfqkdygu
63360
7
rSaeí t<uif; 3 &&Sod nf/ okYd jzifh 3 ausmfonfu
h ed ;f wpfcck u
k kd
7 jzifh pm;í jywfonf[k ñTefjyEkdif&ef tqHk;wGif tydk digit
4 udk xnfhvkdufonfhtcg 7 jzifh pm;rnfqkdygu t<uif;
r&Sdawmhay/ odkYjzpfí 63360 udk 633604 tjzpf code
vkyfvkdufonf/ 4 onf check digit jzpfonf/ ppfaq;NyD;
onfah emufwiG f þude;f *Pef;ukd twGut f csuw f pfct
k wGuf
toH;k jyKrnfqydk gu 4 ukd jzKwfypf&rnf/ okYdaomfvnf; tpdwf
tydkif;wpfck odkYr[kwf oP²mefwltñTef;udef;jzpfaeygu
xkd 4 udk xnfx
h m;Ekid o
f nf/ Code vkyx f m;onfh *Pef;wkid ;f
onf (rSefuefonfh*Pef; a&;oGif;xm;ygu) pm;udef;jzifh
pm;ygu t<uif;r&Sd jywf&rnf/ qnDued ;f jyKxm;onfh check
digit (weighted check digit) uJo h Ydk ydrk ½kd yI af xG;onfh twGuf
tcsufrsm;udkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ þae&mwGif udef;
*Pef;ukd aygif;jcif;? pm;jcif;? code vkyfjcif;rjyKrD rnfuJhodkY
ajr§muf&rnfudk udef;*Pef;twGif;&Sd digit toD;oD;\ tae
txm;u qHk;jzwfonf/ odkYjzifh udef;*Pef;trSm;rsm; xnfh
oGif;rdrnfh tEÅ&m,fudk aemufxyf avsmhenf;oGm;aponf/
(weighted check digit wGif Munfhyg/)
check sum. trSm;&SmazGonfh enf;vrf;wpf&yfjzpfonf/
Modem qufoG,fa&;wGif &Hzef&Hcg toHk;jyKonf/ ,if;enf;
vrf;t& ay;ydkYonfhtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh vufcH&&Sdonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;udk EIid ;f ,SONf yD; tcsuftvufrsm; zvS,&f m
wGif ysufpD; xdcdkufrI &Sd r&Sd qHk;jzwfonf/ tcsuftvuf
ay;ydYk onfh uGeyf sLwmonf tcsuftvuf,el pfwpfcx k rJ S bit
ta&twGufukd aygif;ay;NyD; pkpkaygif;ta&twGufukd check
sum wpfcx k w
J iG f odr;f qnf;ay;onf/ Check sum qko d nf
rSm tcsuftvufrsm;\ tydk ]]pum;vHk;}} wpfck jzpfonf/
vufcHonfh uGefysLwmwGif tcsuftvuf,lepfxJrS bit
ta&twGufudk aygif;NyD; pkpkaygif;ta&twGufukd check
sum ESifh wkdufqkdifppfaq;onf/ pkpkaygif;ta&twGuf trSef
ESihf check sum ta&twGuf udu k nf jD cif;r&Syd gu vufco H nfh
uGefysLwmu ay;ydkYonfh uGefysLwmtm; tcsuftvufrsm;
aemufwpfMudrf xyfydkY&ef awmif;qkdonf/ (parity bit ESifh
stop bit udk Munfhyg/)
child. Disk wpfcak y:rS sub-directory wpfct k m; &nfneT ;f
&mwGif oH;k avho;kH x&So
d nf/ wpfcgwpf&w
H iG f root directory
uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
udk parent directory [k ac:NyD; sub-directory udk child
[k ac:Muonf/
child window. t"du main window twGif;wGif azmfjy
aom window ti,fav;udk ac:onf/ Oyrm font udk
ajymif;vJ&mwGif odkYr[kwf spelling check jyKvkyf&mwGif
a&G;cs,fEkdifaom option rsm;udk child window jzifh azmfjy
Ekdifonf/
chip. pkaygif;"mwfpD;ywfvrf;udk ac:qkdonfh emrnfwpfck
jzpfonf/ Chip udk qDvuD eG yf akH qmifcJ odYkr[kwf tjcm;ypön;f
rsm;jzifh jyKvkyx f m;onf/ wlnaD omvkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u
G &f ef
tDvufx&Gefepf tpdwftydkif;rsm; (x&efppöwm? &Dppöwm
ponf) ukd &mvdkuf?axmifvdkuf? oef;vkduf yHkpHjyK xkwfvkyf
xm;onfhypönf; jzpfonf/ ]BuD;rm;onfh} chip wpfckonf
rdrdwdkY\ vufonf;tcGHt&G,f &SdEkdifonf/ Chip rsm;onf
tvGeaf o;i,fNyD; tvGef tpGr;f aumif;aomaMumifh ,cktcsed f
wG i f uG e f y sLwm
xk w f v k y f o l r sm;
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ay: wifxm;Ekdif
aom od k Y r [k w f
vufqJG om;a&
td w f w pf v H k ; xJ
xnfhoGif;xm;Ekdif
aom pG r f ; yum;
aumif;onfh
uGefysLwmrsm;ukd
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taeeJY pdr;f aumif;pdr;f r,f/ Gameplay
t&awmh &Si;f w,f/ Map vdYk ac:wJh *dr;f
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vnf; &Sdr,f/ rjzpfapwmvnf;&Sdr,f/
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Ril, Flak Canon, Link Gun awG?
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deemer awG? aemuf qef;qef;jym;jym;
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rsufESmjyifom;? Zmwfaumif charac-
ter models eJY vIyf&Sm;yHk animation
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&Sw
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 (TECHNOLOGY)
PHYSICS IN
AD ' D , d k * d r f ; awG t wG i f ; ½l y aA'
bmom&yf physics oHk;pGJrIu topf
tqef ; awmh r[k w f y g/a&S ; a[mif ;
ay:OD;p *drf;upm;zl;cJholawG[m Lu-
nar lander eJY Marble Madness awG
jrwfEdk;pGmeJY trSwf&rdMuvdrfhr,f/ tJ'D
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wHYk jyefjcif; obm0awG tjynft
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ics awG yg&Sdvmwwfygw,f/
Physics management u wGuf
csurf q I idk &f m pGr;f tm;ykid ;f rSm awmif;qdrk I
tawmfav; MuD;rm;w,f/ multicore
CPU awGwkd;í a&mif;csvm&jcif;eJY
Ageia rS oD;oefYtxl;jyK physics
cards awG &&SdvmEkdifwJhtcg *drf;rsm;
GAMES
twGif; physics toHk;csrI trsm;MuD;
ydkí tav;uJ oHk;pGJzdkY&mudpu ö pOf;pm;
p&mtcsujf zpfvmw,f/ 'D&if;jrpftopf
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ar;cGe;f ay:xGuv f mw,f/ tckxad wmh
vIy&f mS ;rItom;ay; action games rsm;
twGif; physics toHk;csrI[m rsufjrif
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apzdkY 'gawGu ta&;MuD;wmrSefayr,fh
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ypfjcif;awmh r&Sdao;bl;/
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cGe;f u gameplay tykid ;f eJY ywfoufvYkd
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f vJ qdk
wJh ar;cGef;opfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ *drfrm
awGudk awGYMuHK cHpm;&rItopfawG
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h pHyk g0if
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co Graphics studio taeeJY Unreal
Tourmament 3 mod u CTF-Tor-
nado multiplayer map udk 'DZkdif;jyK
&if;&&Sdvmwm jzpfygw,f/
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atmif/ Physics &JU e,fy,ftus,f
t0ef;u j'yfqGJtm; gravity simula-
tion eJY 0w¬Krsm; ½dkufcwfjcif; colli-
sion rSmwifuefYowfcx H m;&wm r[kwf
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yg0ifygw,f/
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aiGY&nfvyI &f mS ; ajymif;vJrI fluid dy-
namics
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rsm; odkYr[kwf ow¬Kjym;eJY acgif;
ayguf ypön;f rsm;vdk t&m0w¬Krsm;\
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 (TECHNOLOGY)

- a&rS a&cJ ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;uJhodkY

½kyftajcajymif;vJyHkrsm;
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awGY&wJhtwkdif; physics &JU toHk;
csrIyHkpHawG us,fjyefYpGm&Sdygw,f/ tcsKdU
udk *drf;twGif; b,fwkH;urQ xnfhroHk;
cJMh uzl;bl;/ oH;k Ekid w f hJ tvm;tvm e,f
y,fu MuD;rm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh devel-
opers awG &ifqi dk f MuHKawGYp&m jyóem
pdeaf c:rIawGuvnf; ¤if;ESiq hf wl vkud f
jyD; MuD;rm;vmMuygw,f/
*drf;twGif; physics oHk;pGJ&mrS jzpfvm
wJh pdefac:rIawGu
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csuf
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sion eJY physics u azmfaqmifaom
uaomif;ueif;½Iy½f yI af yGayG obm0
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1. THE REQUIREMENTS IN TERMS
OF COMPUTING CAPACITY
Physics management [m MuD;
rm;vSaom wGufcsufrIpGrf;&nf vdktyf
ygw,f/ Havok vdk aumif;rGefwJh
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Munfh&atmif/
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§ ed ;f
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wHkYjyefrIawGudkvnf; wGuf&r,f/ wpfck
eJYwpfck >ywfodyfaewJh dynamic ob-
jects q,f c k t wG u f wG u f & wm[m
wpfckeJYwpfck xduyfaewJh q,fckpm
wGuf&wmxuf trsm;MuD; ydkvdkw,f/
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Multi-core CPU awG a&muf&v dS m
wJt h cg CPU pGr;f tm;udk yrmPMuD;rm;
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tm;enf;aewkef;yJqdk&if quad-cores
u physics application twG u f
vdktyfaom MuD;rm;vSwJh pGrf;tm;udk
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essors udk apmifhaumif; apmifh&p&m
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xkwfwJh oD;oefY dedicated physics
cards rsKd; oHk;zdkYygyJ/ Hardware topf
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tions awG vHkavmufpGm &&SdvmrSom
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Physics udo k ;kH pGjJ cif;aMumifh CPU

122 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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[m ¤if;twGuf tjyif tydt k vkyaf wGyg
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aMumif;&Sm path finding AI twGuf
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namic jzpfvm&r,f/ 0w¬KawGae&m
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tyf v mw,f / jywf o m;xif & S m ;rI
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2. T HE C HALLENGE P OSED IN
MULTIPLAYER GAMING
Gameplay ½Iaxmifhu Munfh&if
multiplayer *drf; twGif; physics
toHk;jyKrIu pdwf0ifpm;p&mawG jzpfap
w,f/ *drrf mawG[m ajrjyiftaetxm;
awG jyKjyifajymif;vJypfjyD; olYtwGuf
tusKd;tjrwf&atmif jyKvkyfEkdifvdkYyJ/
'gayr,fh single player *drf;eJY ,SOf
Munf h w J h t cg multiplayer *d r f ; u
xyfaqmif; wif;usyfrIeJY csKyfxm;ao;
w,f/ tifwmeuftay:upm;wJh ses-
sions twGuf &Ekdifaom bandwidth
eJY latency yJjzpfygw,f/ pdefac:rIu
awmh pufrsm;tm;vHk;ay:u game-
play tay: wkduf½dkuf ½dkufcwfrI&Sdaom
tjzpftysuf events awG jydKifus syn-
chronize jzpf atmifvy k zf Ykd jzpfygw,f/
tckxdawmh *drf;trsm;pkrSm *drfrm
awG&UJ wnfae&meJY OD;wnfa&GUvsm;rIukd
om synchronize vkyfp&mvdkw,f/
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rI jzpf a pzd k Y q d k & if physics events
tm;vHk;udkvnf; synchronized jydKif
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uHraumif;pGmeJY 'Dwif;usyf csKyf
xdef;rI[m *drf;puf&JU wGufcsufrI pGrf;
tm;rS MuD;rm;pGm uif;vGwfaew,f/
'gayr,fh multiplayer session wpfck
twGif; physics toHk;jyKrItwGuf ajz
&Sif;csufrsm;pGm &Sdygao;w,f/ enf;
AsL[muawmh vufcH client machines
tay: tm½HkpkdufwJh synchronization
rqdkpavmufbJvdkwJh physics imple-
mentation jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY
gameplay tay: ½dkufcwfrI&SdwJh MuD;
rm;vSaom t&m0w¬K (pufrsm;tm;vHk;
tay: synchronize vkyfzdkYvdkwJh t&m
rsKd;) ta&twGufudk uefYowfxm;&yg
r,f/
tjcm;wpfzufrSm trIefrsm;eJY vkyf
wJh wdrwf u
dk x
f ?k ao;i,faom0w¬Kav;
rsm;[m pufrsm;tm;vH;k tay: jyD;jynfph kH
wJh synchronization rvdktyfygbl;/
wdrfwkdufxk&JU wnfae&meJY ¤if;u jzpf
apwJh xdckdufysufpD;rI t0ef;t0kdif;
xkxnfavmufudkom jydKifus syn-
chronize vkyf½HkeJYwif vHkavmufygjyD
qdkygawmh/ uif;arQmfpifwpfck jydKvJus
rIudk synchronizing effects vkyfwJh
tcg pufrsm;tm;vHk;tay: jydKifus
atmif vkyfoifhwJh t&mawGu tysuf
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tpD; tpte usqif;rIeJY qufET,f&m
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tcg puwnf;udu k 'Dvw kd if;usyf csKyf
xdef;rIrsm; xm;&r,f/ ½kyfykdif; ouf
a&mufrq I idk &f m trsm;qH;k aom udp&ö yfukd
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3. THE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN
THE SCRIPTED DIMENSION OF
CERTAIN GAMES AND THE CHAOTIC
NATURE OF PHYSICS
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wJh >cif;csuf rsm;pGmvnf; &Sdawmh&Sdyg
w,f/ RPG trsm;pkeJY Far Cry vdk
outdoor jyify 0ef;usifrSmjzpfaewJh ac-
tion games rsKd;awG jzpfygw,f/ 'gay
r,fhvnf; action/ adventure *drf;
trsm;pku tpOfvdkuf wpfajzmifhwnf;
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chitecture udkyJ axmufyHhw,f/
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arQmfrSef;rxm;wJh tajctaersKd;vnf;
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gent gameplay vdkY ac:ygw,f/
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physics toHk;jyKrIaMumifh level &JU ajr
(TECHNOLOGY)
rsufESmjyif taetxm;awG ajymif;vJ
oGm;p&m &Sdw,f/ oGm;vmr&atmif
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vrf;pOf&JU ta&;MuD;aom ypönf; key
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 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Effect 9: Karaoke Titling

Karaoke pmwef;xdk;&eftwGuf enf;vrf;rsm;pGm toHk;jyKEkdif layer udk 1 (Red) [ktrnfay;yg/ pmwef;xkd;&mwGif
ygonf/ ,ckoifcef;pmwGif Adobe photoshop ESifh pre- ta&mifESpfck vkdtyfaomaMumifh yxrpmaMumif;udk
miere 6.5 wkYd ukd toH;k jyKí pmwef;xk;d jcif;vkyi
f ef;udk avhvm Copy ul;í ta&mifajymif;&ygrnf/
Munhfygrnf/ yxrOD;qHk; pmwef;rsm; zefwD;&eftwGuf
3/ Layer Palette xJrS 1 (Red) layer wGif click ESdyfyg/
Adobe photoshop wGif pmwef;ESifh ta&mifrsm; owfrSwf
jyD;vQif ctrl + J ESyd í
f Layer Copy ul;yg/ Layer Name
jyD; ta&mifajy;&eftwGuf premiere 6.5 wGif xnhfoGif;
ukd 1 (Blue) [k trnfay;í pmrsufESmrS text pmom;udk
toHk;jyK&rSm jzpfygonf/ ,ckoifcef;pmwGif oDcsif; wpfyk'f
tjyma&mif (B-255) ajymif;ay;yg/
vHk; tao;pdwfa&;&ef rjzpfEkdifonfhtwGuf Happy Birth-
day oDcsif;pmom;jzifh simple vkyfjyoGm;rSm jzpfygonf/

1/ Adobe photoshop xJokdY 0ifyg/ File > New wGif

click ESdyfyg/ New dialog box rS preset wGif NTSC
DV 720 x 480 (with gaides) ESifh background con-
tents wGif Transparent udk a&G;í OK jzifh xGufyg/

4/ usefaom oDcsif;pmom;rsm;udkvnf; txufygtwdkif;

pmwpfaMumif;udk copy ul;í ta&mifESpfckajymif;jyD;
½kdufay;&rSm jzpfygonf/ 'kwd,pmom;udk qufvuf
jyKvkyfygrnf/
5/ Tool Box xJrS Text tool ukda&G;í 'Happy birthday
2/ Tools bar xJrS Text Tool udka&G;í 'Happy Birthday to you' aemufwpfaMumif; xyf½kdufay;yg/ ta&mifudk
to you' pmom; ½kdufxnfhay;yg/ jyD;vQif ta&mifudk teDa&mif (R-255) xm;ay;yg/ Layer Palette xJrS
teDa&mif ajymif;xm;ay;yg/ Layer palette xJrS Text Layer name udk 2 (Red) [k trnfay;xm;yg/ aemuf

azazmf0g&?D 2008 125

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
wpfqifhtwGuf tqifh (3) rSmtwkdif; copy ul;í okdY qGJxnhfxm;ay;yg/ Happy Birthday oDcsif; file
ta&mif ajymif;xm;ay;yg/ udk Audio 1 xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;yg/

8/ pmom;ajy;&eftwGuf video transitions xnhfMunfhyg

rnf/ Window > Show Transitions ukda&G;í Tran-
sitions box udk zGifhcsxm;ay;yg/ Transitions box xJrS
wipe folder udka&G;í wipe transition udk video 1 A
rSwcf suf/ / usefaomoDcsif;pmom;tm;vHk;udk txuf ESihf video 1 B Mum;&Sd Transition ae&modYk qGx
J nhaf y;yg/
ygtwkdif; ½kdufoGm;ay;yg/ Layer rsm;rS pmvHk;rsm; rxyf
&eftwGuf eye icon wGif on/off vkyfí tqifajyovkd
pmom;rsm; ½kdufoGm;Ekdifygonf/ jyD;vQif Photoshop
format (.psd) jzifh odrf;xm;ay;yg/ pmrsm;½kdufjyD;vQif
photoshop xJrS xGufay;yg/

6/ Adobe premiere 6.5 xJokdY0ifí New project wpfck

,lxm;ay;yg/ File > import jzifh pm½kdufxm;aom .psd
file udk select vkyí
f open wGif click ESyd af y;yg/ xyfus
vmaom dialog box xJrS choose layer wGif 1 (Red)
ukd a&G;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/ txufygenf;twkdif;
photoshop xJrS 1 (Blue) layer ukd ac:xnhx f m;ay;yg/
xkYd aemuf aemufctH oH;k jyKrnhf Happy Birthday oDcsif;
file ukdvnf; ac:xnhfxm;ay;&ygrnf/

9/ Preview Munhf&eftwGuf project > project settings

7/ teDa&mifxnhx f m;aom pmom;udk Timeline xJrS Video
1 A xJodkY qGJxnhfay;í tjyma&mifpmom;udk video1B
> keyframe and Rendering wGif click ESdyfyg/ usvm
aom dialog box xJrS Real Time Preview pmom;a&SU&Sd
check box wGif trSefjcpfxm;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/
jyD;vQif Enter acgufí preview Munhf Munhfyg/ oDcsif;
toHa&m Karaoke pmwef;xkd;yHkpHa&m jrifawGU&ygrnf/
rSwcf suf/ / wpfcgwpf&H xnhfxm;aom transition tae
txm;ESihf oDcsif;rSm uGuw
f jd zpfwwfjyD; rjzpfygu tran-

126 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
sition udk oDcsif;ESifhvkdufí n§day;&ygrnf/ t&ifOD;qHk; csJUay;jyD; csdefn§dEkdifygonf/ yHkwGif pmwef;xkd;aES;aeí
oDcsif;\ yxrwpfaMumif; tptqHk;udk Timeline Transition udk csKHUxm;ay;ygonf/
xJwGif Enter acgufí oDcsif; tp^tqHk; ae&mudk
rSwfom;xm;í pmom;ESifh Transition udk vkdovdk n§dí
xm;ay;jcif;jzifh tqifajyEkdifygonf/ oDcsif;aES;vQif
Transition udk csJUxm;ay;í oDcsif;jrefvQif Transi-
tion csKHUí toHk;jyKay;&rSm jzpfygonf/ pmom; wpf
aMumif;vHk; r[kwfbJ pum;pkwpfpkpDtwGuf em;í
xkd;csifvQif atmufygtwkdif; qufvuf jyKvkyfygrnf/
Happy Birthday pmom; to ae&mwGif qGJíjyD;rS you
okdY qufoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh to ae&mwGif
cPxdef;jyD; you ae&mokdYoGm;&ef jyKvkyfMunfhygrnf/
10/ Timeline xJrS wipe transition ay:wGif ESpfcsufESdyfay;
yg/ Start = 0 % ESifh End = 100 % jzpfaeí pmom;wpf
aMumif;vHk; xkd;oGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ Show Actual
surcer ae&mwGif trSefjcpfxm;yg/ pmwef;xkd;&mwGif
to pmom;xd jzpf&eftwGuf End pmom;atmufwGif
12/ You pmvHk;xd tjynhfjzpf&eftwGuf qufvufjyKvkyf
&Sdaom slider bar wHk;rSwpfqifh ta&mifqHk;csifaom Munhfygrnf/ Wipe transition ay:wGif Right click
pmvHk;txd csdefay;&rSm jzpfygonf/ yHkwGif to pmvHk;xd ESdyfí copy ukd a&G;yg/ ab;xGufonfhae&mwGif right
click > paste udk a&G;ay;yg/ Transition pmom; &Snf
ta&mifa&mufzkdYtwGuf End wefzkd;udk 48 &mckdifEIef;
xm;ay;&ygrnf/ aevQif jyefcsKHUxm;ay;yg/

11/ Timeline xJwGif Enter acgufí pmom;ESifh oDcsif;

ukdufnDrI &Sd r&Sd preview Munhfay;yg/ pmwef;xkd;um 13/ 'kwd, wipe transition wGif ESpfcsufESdyfyg/ start wefzkd;
aES;aevQif wipe Transition ukd csKHUay;í? jrefaevQif 48 &mckdifEIef;ESifh End wefzkd; 100 &mckdifEIef;pD a&TUxm;

azazmf0g&?D 2008 127

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
ay;yg/ jyD;vQif OK wGif click ESdyfí dialog box rS
xGufay;yg/ preview Munhf Munhfyg/
14/ pmom;aemufwpfaMumif;tm; Transition tjynhfjzifh
qufvuf vkyfaqmifMunhfygrnf/ File > import jzifh
'kwd, toHk;jyKvkdaom file udk a&SUutwkdif; ac:xnhf
xm;ay;yg/
15/ 'kwd,pmom;ESpfckudk video 1 A ESifh video 1 B xJokdY
qGxJ nhx
f m;ay;yg/ jyD;vQif Transition panel xJrS wipe
> wipe transition udk video 1 A ESifh 1 B Mum;&Sd tran-
sition ae&mokdY qGJxnhfay;yg/ taES;tjref rnDygu
txufygtwkdif; Transition wefzkd;rsm;jzifh vkyfaqmif
Munhfyg/ usefpmom;rsm;twGufvnf; þenf;twkdif;
yif qufvuf jyKvkyfay;&rSm jzpfygonf/
128 uGefysLwm*sme,f
16/ pmwef;xk;d jyD;om; pmom;rsm;ESihf video file ESpcf k aygif;yHk
udk qufvuf jyKvkyfygrnf/ Time Line Tools box rS
Block Select Tool udk a&G;yg/ jyD;vQif pmwef;xkd;xm;
aom pmom;rsm; tprStqHk; Drag qGJí mouse ukdzdjyD;
video 2 track xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;yg/
17/ toH;k jyKvadk om Video file udk file > import jzifh ac:xnhf
xm;yg/ Copy taejzifh ,lxm;aom virtual clip
atmuf&Sd Video 1 A track xJokdY xkd video file udk
qGJxnhfay;yg/ Video 2 track wGif&Sdaom virtual clip
ay:wGif right click > video option > transporcency
usvmaom dialog box wGif Alpha channel ukda&G;í
OK wGif Click ESy d yf g/ Preview Munhí f toH;k jyKEkid yf gjyD/
18/ Movie wpfckvHk;taejzifh Export xkwfvkdygu Virtual
Clip file udk select vkyxf m;csed w
f iG f Home Key wpfcsuf
ESdyfyg/ (Alt+{) ESdyfí Workarea udk prSwf owfrSwfyg/
End key ESdyfyg/ (Alt+}) ESdyfí qHk;rSwf owfrSwfyg/
jyD;vQif File > Export Timeline > Movie udka&G;í
toH;k jyKvadk om video format udk Export vkyEf idk yf gonf/
VCD, DVD format ukd toH;k jyKvydk gu Export Timeline
rS Adobe MPEG Encoder udak &G;í toH;k jyKEkid yf gonf/
rsK;d rif;xGe;f
Photoshop Tutorial

tqifh (1)

500 x 200 pixel t&G,f 72 dpi eJY zdi

kt
f opf
wpfck zGifhyg/ Background udk black color
xm;xm;w,f/ Layers palette u Create a
new group button udkESdyfjyD; layer set topf
wpfck jyKvkyfyg/ ,ck Rounded Rectangle
Tool (U) udka&G;yg/ Options palette u ra-
dius rSm 20 px xm;yg/ Color tuGuu f kd uvpf
Web page ESdyfjyD; dark green (# 004653) a&G;yg/ Option
palette u Mu,fyHkav;ab;rS atmufpdkufjrm;
awGrmS
udk ESdyf&if Rounded Rectangle Options xGuf tqifh (2)
awGY&avh&SdwJh vmr,f/ Fixed size &JU W ae&mrSm 126 px, H
ae&mrSm 26 px xm;yg/ Canvas tay: uvpf Layer palette atmufajcu Add a layer
om;em; wpfcsufEdSyfyg/ ay:vmwJh Shape 1 Layer style button udk ESdyfyg/ Drop Shadow eJY
tuGuftay: right-click ESdyfjyD; Resterize stroke styles awGrSm atmufyg settings rsm;
awmufyaom Layer udk a&G;yg/ twkdif;xm;yg/
navigation

design button

av;wpfck
vkyMf unfh
Muygr,f/
Gradient drop down rSm uvpfwpfcsuf
ESdyfjyD; color start, color stop aq;yH;k awGtay:
uvpfESdyf ta&mifa&G;wmawG tqifhqifh vkyf
p&m &Sdw,f/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 129

Photoshop Tutorial
tao;pdwaf jymrjyawmhygbl;/ 'Davmufuawmh prf;vkyf
&if; &oGm;rSmyg/

tqifh (3)

Select > load selection udkoGm;yg/ Setting awG de-

fault twdkif;xm;jyD; OK udk uvpfESdyfyg/ Layers palette
u Create a new layer button udk ESdyfyg/ Edit > Stroke
udk oGm;jyD; width udk 4 px, color code udk #004653, loca-
tion udk inside rSmxm;yg/
tqifh (4)
tqifh (3)u vkyfcJhwJh layer tay: Add a layer style
button uvpfESdyfjyD; Drop shadow, Gradient overlay eJY
Stroke blending options &JU settings awG atmufygtwki d ;f
ay;yg/

130 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 tqifh (7)

oifh&JU tjzLa&mif polygon layer tay: Drop

tqifh (5) Shadow, Inner Shadow eJY Gradient Overlay blending
options layer styles awG&JU settings awGudk atmufyg
oifh&JU'DZkdif;u tck 'DyHkpHtwkdif; jzpfae&r,f/ twkdif;xm;yg/

tqifh (6)

tck Polygon Tool udk a&G;yg/ Side rSm 3 udk xm;yg/

Polygon option &JU smooth corners rSm check trSwfay;
yg/ Layer topf jyKvkyfjyD;wJhaemuf yHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif;
tjzLa&mif polygon udk qGJyg/ rqGJcif path taetxm;u
Fill pixels a&G;xm;wm aocsmygap/ Layer tuGufrSm
Resterize layer vkyf&wm wpfqifh oufomygvdrfhr,f/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 131

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (8)

Polygon layer udk right click ESdyf duplicate yGm;yg/

Edit > Transform > Flip Horizontal udk oGm;yg/ atmufyg
yHkpHtwkdif; &atmifa&TUyg/

tqifh (10)
Tools palette uaejyD; Horizontal Type Tool (T) udk
a&G;yg/ Font family udk Eurostile, bold, 18 pt, strong eJY
color code # BDE7EF xm;yg/
tqifh (9)

Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ tjzLa&mif rounded rectan-

gle udk 104 x 24 px t&G,feJYqGJyg/ Layer Style rSm Gradi-
ent Overlay blending options awGudk atmufygtwkdif;
ay;yg/ (Layer blend mode rSm linear Burn rSm xm;yg/)

132 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 Word Annoyance

pdwt
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tcef; (3) tykid ;f (2)
Outline View rS y&ifhxkwfjcif; Print Preview twGif; wnf;jzwfjcif;
Annoyance Annoyance
Outline format rSm &Sdaeaom documents udk y&ifh Print Preview xJwGif edit vkyfír& jzpfaeygonf/
rxkwfwwf jzpfae&ygonf/
Fix
Fix Print Preview toolbar ay:rS Magnifier cvkwfudk
Print dialog box twGif;rS Outline qdkwhJ option udk click vkyfí aqmif&Guf,lEkdifygonf/
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jcif;ESifh jydKvJysufjym;oGm;jcif;udpu
ö dk aqmif&GufpOfutwkdif; mode twGi;f Print View udk tvkt d avsmuf yGiahf pvdrk nfrmS
rdrd xkwf,lvkdonhf levels rsm;udk jyay;ygvdrhfrnf/ xkdtcg trSef jzpfonf/ Macro wpfckudk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifhom jyKvkyf
File rS print udk a&G;jyD; yHkrSeftwdkif; y&ifhxkwfvdkuf½Hkom Ekid yf gonf/ tao;pdwf vkyu
f idk yf u
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&Sdonf/ ygrnf/

Selecting Text and Objects

Shortening pages rsm;rS Print Layout view udk
Word \ automatic selection udk qifojcif;
&yf j cif ; Annoyance
Annoyance Text rsm;udk mouse jzifh select vky,
f &l mwGif rdrt
d vk&d dS
Word 2003 wGif print Layout view udk toH;k csc&
Jh mwGif aom pum;vHk;rsm;xufykdí ½kwfw&uf zrf;,lwwfonhf
pmrsufESmt&G,ftpm;ESifh rudkufnDaom cGwD;cGusyHkpHrsKd;jzifh tajctaersKd; &Sdaeygonf/
xGuvf mygonf/ pmrsuEf mS \txufyidk ;f ? atmufyidk ;f rsm;wGif
wpfvufr\ av;yHkoHk;yHkavmuftxd vGwfaeygawmhonf/ Fix
Word \ pepfusvSaom a&G;cs,fa&; toGiftjyifudk
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Word rS toHk;rjyKonhf tjzLom;ae&mrsm; zHk;ay;xm; rnf/ xko d Ydk aqmif&u
G &f ef Tools rS Options a&G;,ljyD; Figure
wwfonf/ document udk yDyDoo jrifawGUapvkdonhf 3.3 wGif jrifawGU&ouhJokdY ay:vmjyD;aemuf Edit tab udk
oabm jzpfonf/ tqkdyg tjzLom;ae&mrsm;udk restore click vky, f &l ygonf/ xkad e&mwGif When selecting, auto-
vkyf&eftwGuf Tools udka&G;um Options okdYoGm;jyD; View matically select entire word ESifh Use smart paragraph
tab udk click vkyfvkduf&ygonf/ jyD;vQif 'White space selection wkdYudk check trSwt f om; jyKvkyaf y;&onf/ Un-
between pages (print view only)' \ box av;wGif check check trSwt f om;jyxm;pOfu tajctaeESihf rwlawmhaom
trSwftom;jyay;vkduf½Hkom jzpfonf/ tajctae ajymif;vJoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 133

 vuf wkYd t nTe;f
Word 2000 wGifrl smart paragraph selection jzpfap?
Smart-cut-and-paste settings jzpfapcGifhjyKxm;jcif;
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Smart-Cut-and-Paste settings rsm;tm;

xd e f ; csKyf , l j cif ;
Annoyance
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vkdtyfonf/ Word XP wGifrl tqkdygvkyfief;pOftwGuf
upgrade vkyx f m;ay;onf/ jzwfvo dk nhaf e&mwGif jzwfxw k f
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f mG ;aom pmvH;k ae&mxuf csJU
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jyD;onhfwkdif ae&mykd usef&pfaechJonf/

tu,fí yxr box wGif 'when selecting, auto- Fix

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csif;aumuf,ljyD; tvkdtavsmuf extend vkyfoGm;wwfyg oabm jzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/ odkYtwGuf Tools udka&G;um
onf/ rdrt d vd&k adS om pmvH;k udk at;at;rSerf eS f drag vkyo f nhf Options udo k mG ;jyD; Edit tab udk ESyd ,
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tajctaersKd;wGif pmvHk;wpfvHk;csif; aumuf,l&rnhftajc ESdyfjyD; xGufay:vmaom Setting dialog box rS Figure 3-4
tae jzpfoGm;aponf/ twkdif; Options rsm;udk toHk;csEkdifygao;onf/
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selection' [lonfhtcsufudk check trSwftom; vkyfxm;chJ
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a&G;cs,, f &l ef txl;*½kpu dk &f onf/ pmvH;k rS paragraph mark
udk rnfokdYyifjzpfap vSrf;qGJ,lrnhfoabm &Sdonf/ Word
taejzifh vkt d yfovkd tvG,w f ul vkyu f ikd Ef idk &f ef &nf&,G pf pD Of
xm;chJaomfvnf; toHk;jyKol awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk uod
uatmuf jzpfaeapawmhonf/ (tu,fí xkdokdYaom para-
graph mark udk rrSm;,Gi;f ap&eftwGuf jrifawGUvkv d Qif stan-
dard toolbar ay:rS show/Hide qkdonhf cvkwfudk click
vkyfjyD; Tools ukda&G;um Options udk oGm;&onf/ xkdYaemuf
View tab udk click vky, f u l m box rS 'paragraph marks' udk
check trSwftom;jyxm;ay;&onf/

134 uGefysLwm*sme,f
rSmMum;xnhfoGif;aom Text wdwdusus a&G;,ljcif;
Annoyance
*Pef;ta&twGufpm&if; odkYr[kwf aMumfjimudk pm&if;
Z,m;yHkpHjyK pmvHk;awGudk a&G;cs,f aumuf,laomtcg
jyóem rMumcP MuHKawGU&onf/ pmykd'fwpfydk'f\ aemuf
qHk;rSpmvHk;udk a&G;cs,f,lvkdufonfhtcgwkdif; aemufpmykd'f\
tpykdif; character tcsKdUyg ygvmwwfonf/ xkdokdYjzpfvm
onft h cgwdik ;f armufpu
f kd jyefa&TU,l&jcif; okYd r[kwf uD;bkwf
rS b,fbufjyjrm;udk toH;k cs,jl cif;rsm; jyKvky&f avh&ydS gonf/
Fix
Options dialog box \ Edit tab ay:&Sd 'Use smart
paragraph selection' [lonfh feature onf wu,fwrf;
tm;jzifh ,ckudpt ö wGuf trSefwu,f tultnDay;Edkifyg
onf/ jyóemrSm List style twGuf vkdif;vGwf usef&pfae
wwfonf/ taMumif;&if;rSm rawmfwq pmydk'ftrSwftom;
List item \ tqHk;wGif jzwf&mü y,fzsufvkdufrdjcif;aMumifh
jzpfwef&monf/
pmvHk;ydk ryg&Sda&;twGuf atmufygenf;rsm;udk toHk;cs
Edkifonf/
uD ; bk w f
Extend selection mode onf armufpfESifh drag vkyf
jcif; okdYr[kwf shift ESdyf,ljcif; uif;apjyD; a&G;cs,frI wkd;csJU
,lEkdif&ef pDpOfxm;onfh Feature wpfck jzpfonf/ Extend
selection mode udk zGifh,l&eftwGuf status bar ay:&Sd EXT
oauFway: double-click vkyfíaomfvnf;aumif;? F8 udk
ESyd í
f aomfvnf;aumif; vky,f El idk o
f nf/ rdrd csJUum;,lvadk om
a&G;cs,frIae&mwGif click vkyfí jzpfap? csJUum;,lvkdaom
a&G;cs,fcsufudk arrow key udk toH;k csíjzpfap vkyEf idk o
f nf/
Extend Selection mode udk jyefydwf&eftwGuf Esc cvkwf
udk ESdyfíaomfvnf;aumif;? EXT oauFwudk wpfzefjyefí
double-click vkyfíaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfEkdifonf/
armuf p f
Text rsm;udk drag vky,f jl cif;xuf Left margin twGi;f
drag vkyjf cif;u ykí
d tqifajyaponf/ «xkt d csed w
f iG f armufpf
ydGKifhwm\ jrm;vm;&mrSm ajrmufESifh ta&SUajrmuf vm;&m
twkdif; &Sdaevdrfhrnf/»
uD;bkwfESifh armufpf
rdrd a&G;cs,fvadk om text \ tpykid ;f ae&mwGif insertion
point udk click vkyjf yD; &nfre
S ;f xm;onfh tqH;k ydKG ifah e&mtxd
scroll vky,f &l ygonf/ xkpd OfwiG f shift udk ESyd x
f m;jyD; csxm;
rnfhae&mwGif click vkyfvkduf&onf/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
Extend Selection mode yGiahf epOfumvtwGi;f rdro d nf
vuf&Sda&G;cs,fxm;aom pmykd'frSm 'kwd,tMudrf a&G;cs,f
rIESifh pwkw¬tMudrf a&G;cs,frIwkdYudk F8 udk ESdyfjcif;jzifh jyK
vkyfEkdifonf/ pmvHk;wpfvHk; okdYr[kwf pmydk'fwpfykd'fudk
a&G;cs,f&ef &nf&G,fcsuf&Sdonhftcg Extend Selection
mode onf toHk;0ifvSonf/ Document wpfckvHk; a&G;
cs,frItwGufrl Extend Selection udk toHk;csjcif;xuf
jrefqefap&eftwGuf Ctrl + A odkYr[kwf Ctrl - click udk
toHk;jyK&onf/ b,fbuf&Sd margin udk double clicks
vkyfívnf; document wpfckvHk;udk a&G;cs,fEkdifonf/
Click and Type ckdif;aprIudk ydwfxm;jcif;
Annoyance
Word document wpfcktwGif;&Sd vdkif;vTwfwpfae&m
wGif double-click vkyfvkdufaomtcg Word rS tab cha-
racters ESifh paragraph marks twGJvkdufMuD; xnfhay;vkduf
onf/ jyóemrSm a&SUbufoYkd ,&l ef document ay:okYd click
vkyaf epOf rMumcPqko
d vkd jyefay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
Fix
wpfcok x
d m;&efrmS application wpfcrk S wpfcq k o D Ydkjzpfap
okYdr[kwf word window av;wpfcrk S tjcm;wpfcq k oD Ydk jzpfap
'coolswitch' jzpfap&ef Alt + Tab udk wGJESdyf&eftwGuf
rodrom ajymqkcd jJh cif; jzpfonf/ okYd&mwGif wu,fjh yóemrSm
Word \ "click and type" qko d nfh feature udk zGiohf ;kH xm;rd
jcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ tqdkyg feature aMumifh þtcsdeftxd
roHk;&ao;onhf document \ {&d,mwpfcktwGif; click
vkyfaomtcg pm½kdufoGif;&ef pwifaejcif;jzpfonf/ Click
and Type vkyi f ef;pOfonf rnfonhf rdrd click vkyo f nhaf e&m
wdkif;okdY insertion point udk o,faqmifoGm;&ef tpDtrH
jyKvkyfxm;jcif;om jzpfonf/
okdYtwGuf ¤if;udk ydwfxm;&ef Tools rS Options
okYdomG ;í Edit tab ukEd ydS u
f m Enable Click and Type [laom
azazmf0g&D? 2008 135
tcsufudk box wGif Uncheck trSwftom; jyxm;ay;vkduf pmom;tykdif;av;udk tjcm; document rS &,ljyD;
&onf/ jyef o H k ; jcif ;
Source document rS text udk copy vkyfjyD; rdrd xnhf
vuf wkYd t nTe;f oGif;vkdaom document wGif paste vkyf,lvkduf&onf/
tu,fí rdrdonf Click and Type udk toHk;cs&ef Document wpfck\ Contents wpfckvHk; jyefoHk;jcif;
oabmus ESpfjcdKufrdygu Option dialog box \ Edit Word 2003 wGif File rS New odkYoGm;jyD; New Docu-
tab ay:&Sd drop-down list rS 'Default paragraph Style'
ment task pane twGif;&Sd 'From existing document' udk
udk toHk;jyKonf/ okdYrSom paragraph style udkcs,ljyD; click vky,f &l onf/ Word XP qkyd gu File rS New odYkomG ;jyD;
Word rS paragraph twGuf ¤if;zefwD;rIudk toHk;cs
'Choose document' qdkonfhtcsufudk click vkyf,l&onf/
ay;apygvdrhfrnf/ tqkdyg default style onf yHkrSef vuf&dS document dialog rS New wGif document udk select
toHk;jyKrIomvQif jzpfonf/ vkyfum Create New button udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/ Word
2000 wGif vuf&Sd document udk zGifhum file ukda&G;jyD; Save
Autocorrect and AutoText As udk aumuf,u l m tjcm; trnfwpfcjk zifh odr;f ,lvu
dk yf g/
Document wpfcktwGif; rnfonhf text yrmPrqkd Insert rS File udk toH;k csum avmavmq,f toH;k jyKaeaom
tvsif t jref xnh f o G i f ; jcif ; document wG i f tqk d y g document ud k xnh f o G i f ;
Annoyance ,lEkdifygao;onf/
pmvHk;twlwludk rMumcP ae&mtoD;oD;rSm jyefjyef
xnhfae&onfrSm pdwfnpfnL;p&m jzpf&onf/ Word tpD Documents trsm;tjym;\ Contents rsm; tm;vHk;udk
tpOfjzifh vkyfvkdygonf/ jyef o H k ; jcif ;
Document topfwpfckudk zefwD;,lvkdufyg/ xkdYaemuf
Fix Insert rS file command udo
k mG ;í rdrx
d nhv
f adk om document
rnfonhv
f yk if ef;rsK;d udk vkyaf qmifaeonfqo
dk nht
f csuf rsm;udk wpfckcsif; xnhfoGm;½Hkyif jzpfonf/
ay: rlwnfí enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd; &SdaejyD;jzpfonf/
Enter Sample Text
pmom;wk d w k d w pf c k u d k tvk d t avsmuf xnh f o G i f ; jcif ; pmpDpm½kduftcsKdUudk vkyfjcif;jzifh erlempmom;wpfckudk
Text twGuf AutoCorret wpfck zefw;D ,lvu dk &f onf/ tvsiftjref zefwD;,lEkdifonf/ xkdYaemuf Copy and Paste
(tao;pdwo f v d vdk Qif 'Use AutoCorrect Most Effectively' udk toHk;csjyD; xnhfoGif;,lEkdifonf/ okdY&mwGif Word tae
qkdonhf pmwdkifwpfckjzifh oD;jcm; azmfjyay;ygOD;rnf/ ¤if;wGif jzifh tvkdtavsmuf xnhfoGif;ay;onhfenf;vrf;vnf; &Sdae
tao;pdwf avhvmEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ wpfckjcm;pD xnhfoGif;vkdrI ygao;onf/
ESifhywfoufí 'Use AutoText or Don't It's You Choice Type = rand (x,y)
u@wGif qufvufazmfjyay;ygrnf/) þae&mwGif x ESifh y onf ta&twGufjzpfjyD; Enter
udk ESdyfay;&onf/
Word onf x ta&twGu& fo
dS nhf 0gusyg&Sod nhf wpfcpk D
pmom;tajrmuftjrm;udk document wpfcktwGif;
xnf h o G i f ; jcif ; udk y ta&twGu&f adS om paragraph rsm;wGif zefwD;,lay;yg
Document Type twGuf template wpfcuk kd zefw;D ,l& vdrhfrnf/
onf/ (¤if;udk tcef; (2) wGif&Sd Templates u@wGif azmfjy Oyrmtm;jzifh = rand (10,5) qkyd gpdYk? 0gus 5 aMumif;pDukd
chJhjyD; jzpfonf/ Templates twGif; standard text tm;vHk; pmyk'f 10 ckwiG f wpfcck sif; tvkt
d avsmuf zefw;D ay;oGm;rnf
xnhf,lyg/ ¤if;onf document topfwpfckcsif;wGif rdrd jzpfonf/
zefwD;xm;aom template tay: rlwnfjyD; ay:aygufvmyg
vdrhfrnf/ qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/

136 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop

jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
'Dwpfv jzwfvrf;enf;rSm "mwfykH effect twGuf tajccH output uyHkESdyftwGufqdk&if 300 dpi eJY web, on screen
uswJh design concept wpfckjzpfaom halftone screen awGtwGufqdk&if 72 dpi xm;wm aumif;ygw,f/
ESifh xyfí yHkazmfenf;udk ajymjyygr,f/ yxrqHk; yHk&dyfenf;
ynm tajccH oabmw&m;awG &Sif;jyzdkY vdkvdrfhr,f/
yHkESdyfpm&Guftay:u ½kyfyHkawG ta&miftaoG; tEkt&ifh
tvif;tarSmifu b,favmufxd pHv k if<u,f0ygap? wu,fh
t&if;cH cyan, magenta, yellow, black qdw k hJ CMYK tajccH
ta&mif av;a&mifwnf;udkom tcsKd;tpm;trsKd;rsKd;eJY pyf[yf
xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D ta&mifwpfa&mifpDtwGufawmif
saturation wefzdk; tjynfhygjyD; half tone screen vdkYac:wJh
ao;i,faom tpufuav;rsm;&JU t&G,t f pm; tMuD;tao;
>ywfoyd rf eI YJ omyHak zmfjyD; rsufpt
d jrifukd vSnphf m;ay;jcif;jzpfyg
w,f/ a&aq;? qDaq;yef;csq D oJG vdk ta&mif tEkt&ifh pau;
trsKd;rsKd; oHk;xm;wmrsKd;awmif r[kwfygbl;/ vufukdif rSefbD
vl;eJY teD;uyf qGMJ unf&h ifoEd idk yf gw,f/ omreftm;jzifah wmh tqihf «2»
halftone screen ray:bJ Eknufatmif wpfvufrtwGif; Halftone screen &atmifvy k zf Ykd Image mode udk wpfrsK;d
0ifqHhwJhtpufuav;rsm; ta&twGuf dot per inch (dpi) wrnf oH;k &w,f/ Document wpfcx k rJ mS mode ESprf sK;d oH;k vdYk
Line per inch (lpi) wefzdk;jrifhjrifhxm;jyD; oHk;Ekdifav aumif; r&wmaMumifh document topfxJrSm jyKvkyf jyifqif,ljyD;
avyJ/ 'gayr,fh wpfcgwavusawmh artistic value ay: jyefac:oHk;&r,f/ vkyfief;pOf acsmarGY jrefqefatmif trick
atmif ¤if; halftone screen awGudk wrifoufouf csJUum;
xyf,ljyD; effect awG jyKvkyfavh &Sdw,f/ ,ck þenf;vrf;
awGudkwifjyoGm;&mrSm wif;usyf w&m;aoqefwJh step by
step rsKd;r[kwfbJ photoshop tricks eJY tMurf;zsif;enf;pOf
frame-work udkom wifjyoGm;ygr,f/ udk,fvdktyfwJh 'DZkdif;
taetxm;t& ÓPf&Sdovdk upm;Munfhyg/

tqihf «1»
ud,
k f halftone screen tjzpfjyKvkycf sifwhJ ½kyyf u
kH kd zGiyhf g
w,f/ rl&if; rxdckdufbJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfvdkY&atmif
Ctrl + J ESdyfjyD; layer udk yGm;ygw,f/ ukd,fh&JU tqHk;owf

azazmf0g&D? 2008 137

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tqihf «5»
Filter >Blur > Gaussian Blur odkYoGm;jyD; Blur wefzdk;
ay;zdkYvnf; vdkaumif;vdkr,f/

av;wpfck ajymjyygr,f/ Layers palette u yGm;xm;wJh

layer topfrmS right click ESy d jf yD; Duplicate layer udak &G;yg/
ay:vmwJh dialog box u Destination &JUtykdif;? Docu-
ment drop down menu rSm New udk a&G;yg/ emrnfay;csif
ay;? ray;csifae OK udk ESyd jf yD;wJah emuf rwlwhJ tjcm;Image
mode eJY vdk&m jyifqif,lEkdifr,fh ,m,D workspace oabm
document topfwpfck &vmr,f/

tqihf «3»
,m,D document rSm Image> Mode>Grayscale odYk
ajymif;yg/

tqihf «6»
tck halftone screen twHk;awG &atmif Image >
Mode > Bitmap odkY ajymif;yg/ Flatlen layers rSm OK udk
ESdyfyg/ 'gu aumfyDyGm;xm;wJh ,m,D workspace yJ[m/

tqihf «4»
tjzLtrnf; jzpfoGm;csdefrSm Image > Adjustments>
Threshold odkYoGm;jyD; tvif;tarSmif ukd,fvdk&m tykdif;&
atmif Threshold level a&G;,lyg/ vdktyfygu ukd,fh'DZkdif;
taetxm;t& Adjustments tykid ;f u vd&k m a&G;cs,fo;kH pGzJ Ykd
vdkygvdrfhr,f/
tqihf «7»
Resolution tydkif;&JU output rSm yHkESdyftwGufqdk 300,
web on screen twGufqdk 72 xm;yg/ method tydkif;&JU
Use rSm Halftone Screen udka&G;yg/ OK udk ESdyfyg/

tqihf «8»
'Dtykdif;uawmh dot av;awG&JU t&G,ftpm; vdk&m&zdkY
wefzdk;udk a&G;cs,fupm;zdkYyJ? dot MuD;MuD; uGJuGJjym;jym; vdkcsif

138 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqihf «10»
rl&if;yHkeJY color mode jyefwloGm;&if rl&if;yHktay:
Move Tool (V) eJY jyefvnf qGJwifEkdifygjyD/ ,m,D docu-
ment udk rvdkcsif&if save rvkyfbJ ydwfypfvdkY&ygjyD/

tqihf «11»
tay:u tkyfxm;wJh layer rSm Add layer mask but-
ton tay: cvkwE f ydS jf yD; brush eJY rvdck sifwt
hJ ykid ;f awGzsuf&ef
jzKwfxkwfvdkYvnf;&w,f/ tjcm; selection enf;awGeJY jzwf
xkwfvkdYvnf; &w,f/
&if frequency rSm wefzdk;MuD;MuD; ay;yg/ a&m,SufpGm vdkcsif
&if wefzdk;enf;enf;ay;yg/ Dot &JU shape udkvnf; Round,
Diamond, Elhpse, Line, Square Cross vdk&m a&G;,lEkdif
ygw,f/ Ctrl+Z ESyd jf yD; pdwMf udKurf &rcsi;f prf;oyf vkyaf qmif
yg/

tqihf «9»
tck rlvyHkqD jyefydkY&r,f/ Image>Mode> Grayscale
odkYajymif;yg/ aemufwpfqifh Image > Mode> RGB color
odkYr[kwf CMYK color odkY ajymif;yg/ tqihf «12»
aemufwpfykdif;uawmh layer blending mode eJY opac-
ity udk upm;Munfhyg/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 139

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

0if;'dk;Apfpwm ed'gef;
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA

tydkif; (2) tcef; (7)

Getting Stuff Into and Out of Your Computer
rdrdyDpDuGefysLwmrsm;wGif 'pf*spfw,fobm0tm;vHk;jzifh odrf;qnf;
odrk ;DS xm;&mrS puúLjzifh tjrJwrf; odr;f xm;Ekid of nfh yHpk rH sK;d udv
k nf; vky,
f l
&&Sd&ef vdktyfaeMurnfom jzpfonf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf Soft Copies
rsm;xuf Hard Copies rsm; jyKvkyf&ef tajctaersm;vnf; tpOftjrJ
&Sdaernf jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf rdrdwkdYtaejzifh printing vkyfief;pOf
taMumif;udyk g xnho f iG ;f wifjy&ef vdt
k yfvmygonf/ xkYdtwl Apfpwm\
fax program ESit hf wl fax machine yHpk t H oGif toH;k csyHrk sm;vnf; yg0if
aeygvdrhfrnf/ aemufqHk; scanner ESifhtwl vkyfukdifaqmif&GufyHkudkyg
xnhfoGif;wifjyay;&OD;rnf jzpfonf/

Printing Your Masterpiece

0if;'kd;ApfpwmESifh y&ifwmwdkYtMum; tjyeftvSef qufoG,f
vkyfudkifrI enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd; &SdEkdifaomfvnf; atmufazmfjyyg enf;vrf;
oHk;ckudk trsm;qHk; toHk;jyKMuavh&Sdygonf/
Ä rdrdy½kd*&rf&Sd File menu rS Print udk a&G;cs,f,ljcif;
Ä Document icon ay:wGif right-click vkyfum Print udk a&G;cs,f
,ljcif;
Ä Document icon udk y&ifwm\ icon ay:odkY drag and drop
vkyf,ljcif;

Dialog boxay:xGufvmcJhvQif OK [laom cvkwfudk click

vkyfvkdufonfhtcg 0if;'kd;Apfpwmonf csufcsif;qkdovkd y&ifwmqDodkY

140 uGefysLwm*sme,f

yHEk ydS x
f w
k rf nfh papers rsm;udk ydYk ay;vku d of nf/ xko d Ydk vkyif ef;
oHk;twGuf wpfrdepfcefY apmifh&rnf jzpfonf/ y&ifwmudk
zGifhxm;vkdufonfESifh 0if;'dk;onf tvkdtavsmuf vkyfief;
aqmifwmrsm;udk qufvuf aqmif&Gufay;oGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
y&ifhxkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief; tqifrajycJhvQif y&ifhxkwf
onfh puúLjzifh ruku d n
f aD omaMumifv h nf;aumif;? rSed w f ed w
f ed f
jzpfaeívnf;aumif; jzpfwef&monf/ xko d Ykd aom tajctae
rsKd;wGif print setting udk csdewf , G jf cif;jzifh jzpfap? puúLt&nf
taoG; ajymif;vJíjzpfap jyKjyifjyD; qufvufaqmif&u G ,f El idk f
onf/
y&ifhxkwf&mwGif tcsdefukefoufomap&ef atmufyg
tMuHÓPftcsKdUudk toHk;csoifhonf/
Ä 0if;'k;d pepf\ Help twGi;f rS wduspmG tultnDay;Ekid f
aom tcsufwpfckjzifh trSwfrxif udkufnDcJhvQif
topic odkYr[kwf page twGif;wpfae&modkY right-
click vkyfvkdufum print udk a&G;cs,fvkduf&onf/
0if;'k;d rS rdrt
d wGuf aumfyw
D pfcuk kd y&ifv
h yk af y;ygonf/
Ä y&ifwmudk tjrefqHk; access vkyf,lap&eftwGuf y&if
wm\icon udk right-click vkyfjyD; Create Shortcut
udk a&G;cs,f,l&onf/ xkdYaemuf twnfjyK&eftvdkYiSm
Troubleshooting your printer
tu,fí rdrdtvdk&Sdaom document udk y&ifhxkwf,lí
r&EkdifcJhvQif yxrOD;pGm rdrdy&ifwm\ vQyfppfcvkwfukd zGifh
xm;jcif; &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;,l&onf/ odkYr[kwf uGefysLwmESifh
y&ifwmqufoG,fMudK; aocsmpGm qufoG,fxm;rI &Sdr&Sd
ppfaq;&rnf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf y&ifwmwGif puúLjznfhwif;
xm;jcif; &Sdr&Sd Munhf½Ippfaq;&rnf/
tu,fí ¤if;wdkYESifhywfoufí tm;vHk;tqifajyajy
vkyfxm;jyD;onfhwkdif y&ifwmarmif;ESifxkwfay;jcif; r&Sdygu
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azazmf0g&?D 2008 141
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azazmf0g&?D 2008 143

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
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144 uGefysLwm*sme,f

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azazmf0g&?D 2008 169

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
Java Developer Guide
Chapter (6)
6.1 JAVA AWT COMPONENTS (CONTAINERA CLASS)
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AWT Components (Container Classes)
• AWT Components can be used to construct
graphical user interface (GUI) for JAVA program-
ming Language.
• Most common user interface such as menus, but-
tons, lists, drop down lists, frames and dialogs
are already available-provided by the java.awt
package.
• These user- interface components fit in with the
platform on which the application/applet is
excuted.
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Container Classes 15. Class WinClosing extends WindowAdapter
{
• A container class is a sub-class of component
16. Public Void WindowClosing (WindowEvent
that provides a rectangular display area on the
we)
screen.
• GUI components and other containers can be 17. { System. exit (0);}
placed inside a container object. 18. }
• A container class contains the following class.
uJ container class &JUqufE,
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Dialog Frame
import java.awt.*;
FileDialog import java.awt.event.*;

Figure Layout of the AWT Container Classes
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Listing 6.1 Using the JAVA AWT Package
1. import java.awt.*;
2. import java.awt.event.*;
3. public class AWTFrame extends Frame {
4. AWTFrame ( ) {
5. addWindowListener (new WinClosing ( )
);
6 . SetTitle (''Simple Frame Using AWT
package")
7 . SetResizable (false);
8 . SetBounds (200, 200, 300, 300);
9 . SetVisible (true);
10. }
11. Public Static Void main (String args [
] )
12. { AWTFrame at = new AWTFrame ( );}
13. }
14. // The WinClosing class terminates the
program when the window is closed
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azazmf0g&D? 2008 171

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
SetTitle ("Simple Frame Using AWT
Package");
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Figure 6.2 Compile & Run of the AWTFrame.java
azazmf0g&D? 2008 173
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Frame Class, java.awt.*; package
• A Frame is a window with window-manager type
features such as title, border and menu bar.
• Frames provide the basic building block for screen-
oriented applications.
174 uGefysLwm*sme,f
• Frame constructor ( ) method - public Frame ( ) (or)
public Frame (String title) are used. These methods
are overloading method.
uJ Frame Class wpfenf;ajym&&if java.awt.*; pack-
age atmufrSmyg0ifwJh Frame Class taMumif;udk &Sif;vif;
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methods awGeJY uGJjym;jcm;em;w,fqkdwmudk odapcsifw,f
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• public String setTitle (String title);
example :
SetTitle ("Sample Frame Using AWT Components");
Double quote Mum;rSm yg0ifvmwJh pmom; String [m
Frame &JU Title Bar rSm yg0ifvmrSmyg/
• public Void SetResizable (boolean resizable)
example :
setResizable (false); >
boolean type aMumifh ture (or) false argument wpfcck k
uko d m vufcjH y;D awmhrS qH;k jzwfay;rSmyg/ True udk argument
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vdYk &ygw,f/ Argument udk false xm;cJ&h ifawmh frame &JU
t&G,t f pm;udk csK^UH csUJ jyKvyk v
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• public void SetBounds (int x, int y, int width, int height)
x, y coordinate system
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Frame \ width
Frame \ height
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uwnf;u aoaocsmcsm &Sif;jycJhjyD;om;yg/ rdrday:apcsifwJh
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Frame &JU t&G,tf pm;udk rdrpd w
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• Public Void SetVisible (boolean visible) addWindowListener ( ) method uvnf; WindowEvent
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cszl;rSmyg/ wu,fawmh Frame udk Output display taeeJY iconified, deiconified, activated or deactivated tp&Sw d hJ
azmfjyay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf SetVisible ( ) method udk xnhfoGif; vkyfaqmifcsufawGudk HandLing vkyfay;EkdifwJh Event
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'gaMumifh oufqidk &f m oifcef;pmusrSom jynfjh ynfph pkH ekH YJ
setVisible (true);
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'g[m Frame udk display vkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGufyg/
JFrame [m bmawGrsm;uGmjcm;ovJ rodb;l aemf/ tck vuf&dS
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avhvmMunhfygvm;/ uGmjcm;csufudk od&wmayghaemf/
setVisible (true);
Javax.Swing.*;package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS program
a&;om;&if java.awt.*;package udkyg xnhfoGif; declare
qkdwJh Code_Line wpfaMumif;vHk;udk jzKwfxm;&ifyJjzpfjzpf
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methods awGudk jznhfoGif; toHk;jyKcsifvdkYygyJ/ Java.awt.*;
package udk import & Declare vkyfjyD;awmh toHk;jyKr,f
javac AWTFrame.java ↵
qkd&ifawmh Javax.swing.*;package udk ac:p&mrvdkbJeJY
java AWTFrame ↵
'D package wpfckwnf;eJYwif standalone vkyf a&;om;vdkY&
Ekid yf gw,f/ bmaMumifv h q J adk wmh AWT Components pack-
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age [m Swing Package xuf Components Tools awG
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[m jyefay:vmrSmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ 'g[m setVisible
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qGJjyD;awmh toHk;jyKayghaemf/ [kwfjyDvm;/ uJ qufvufjyD;
vHk;udk jzKwfxm;cJhvdkYyJjzpfjzpf awtpackage xJrSm yg0ifwJh
awmh 6.2 Using the AWT Components Buttons udk
Frame udk display vkyr f ay;Ekid w
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KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf; (txuf)?
ausmufww H m;jrKd eU ,f? &efuek /f

azazmf0g&D? 2008 175