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nVidia GeForce GTX 280 xuf
enf;enf; ydkrsm;aew,f/ 'gayr,fh
orm;½dk;us obm0 system awG
ay:rSm taumif;qHk;*drf;awGudk
pwifupm;EdkifapwJh pGrf;aqmif&nf
ay;ygw,f/ vufr 30 armfeDwm
tqifhtxdawmh jynfh0wJh settings
awG ay;Ekdifvdrhfrnfr[kwfay/
'gayr,fh Direct X 10.1 udk ydkifydkif
EdkifEkdif yHHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifw,f/
Power Connector ESpfckrvkdbJ
wpfckwnf;yJ vdktyfw,f/ uyfvsuf
&SdwJh slot awGudk vHk;0taESmifht,Suf
rjzpfapbl;/ DVI- to- HDMI
adapter ygw,f/ Dual Link DVI
ports ESpfcku High-Bandwidth
Digital Content Protection
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apygw,f/ S-Video eJY component
- video output udk yHhydk; aqmif&Guf
ay;EkdifwJh analog video port wpfck
ygw,f/ tvkyfvkyfaecsdefrSm tvGef
jidrfoufw,f? tm;enf;csufuawmh
rsm;rsm;tvkyfvkyf&if ylvmw,f/
Single - slot cooler eJYom oHk;&if
awmh Ekdifeif;rSm r[kwfay/
42 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Western Digital Velociraptor
300 GB yrmPavmufeJYyJ auseyfr,fqkd&ifawmh
tvGef jrefqefwJh desktop oHk; hard drive udk
0,fr,fqkd&if Western Digital Velociraptor udk
om oHk;awmhvdkY ajym&ygvdrhfr,f/ Velocirapton
u 10,000 rpm EIef;xm;eJY vkyfudkifay;w,f/
2 'or 5 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh hard drive jzpfjyD; lce PAK vkdYac:wJh
pyg,f&S,f tvsLrDeD,H heat sink eJYtwl standard PC hard drive cage
xJrSm xnhfoGif;xm;wmjzpfw,f/ 'DZkdif;tm;enf;csufwpfckuawmh SATA
connectors awGudk ,lepf&JUtv,favmufrSm wyfqiffxm;wmjzpfw,f/
aemuftm;enf;csuf &Sdygao;w,f/ aps;EIef;MuD;jrifhvSw,f/ Hot-
swappable rjzpfay/ SATA II interface wpfckeJYtwl data transfer rates
u wpfpuúefYrSm 3 gigabits txd aqmif&Gufay;Edkifw,f/ (300 megabytes
per second ) olYxufydkjrifhwJh 'burst' rate udkvnf; cGifhjyKay;xm;w,f/
tvGefw&m jrefqefw,f? jidrfoufw,f? at;aeapw,f/ xkdufxdkufwefwef
capacity vnf;&Sdw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 299 a':vmjzpfw,f/
Canon Pixma MX7600
Canon ukrÜPDu 399 a':vmeJY
all-in-one inket udk &Edkifovdk avqm
t&nftaoG;&SdwJh text rsKd;? photo t&nf
taoG;jynhf "mwfyHkawGudk xkwf,lEdkifcGifh&apzdkY Pixma MX7600 udk
xkwfvkyfa&mif;csay;vdkufwmvdkY qkd&ygvdrhfr,f/ MX7600 taeeJY scan
vkyfief;? copy vkyfief;?fax vkyfief;awGtjyif autoduplexing pGrf;aqmif
&nfeJY y&ifhvkyfief;udk aqmif&Gufay;EkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ ,lepf&JU a&SUydkif;rSm
multiformat memory - card reader wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ wpfckcsif; y&ifh
vkyfief;aqmif&Gufay;Edkifovdk network eJY csdwfqufjyD; toHk;jyKcGifhvnf;
ay;xm;w,f/ PictBridge USB ports vnf; rsufESmpmwGif&SdaejyD;
uifr&mawGu wkduf½dkufjzpfjzpf? removable USB drives av;awGu
wpfqifhjzpfjzpf vkyfukdif aqmif&GufcGifhvnf;&Sdw,f/ 1 'or 8 vufr
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1 rdepf 46 puúefYyJMumw,f/ 4_6 vufrt&G,ftpm; "mwfyHkudk
38 puúefYeJY xkwfvkyfay;jyD; 8_10 vufrt&G,ftpm; "mwfyHkudk
1 rdepf 30 puúefYeJY xkwfay;w,f/
 NEW PRODUCTS

View Sonic VP2250wb

22 vufr t&G,ftpm;udk pro image quality awG ay;Ekdifayr,fh 559 a':vm

avmufeJY &Edkifr,fh tcGifhtvrf;udk View Sonic VP 2250 wb u ay;xm;ygw,f/
b,fvkd beauty contests rsKd;rqdk tEdkif&rSmygvdkY ajymEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ xl;jcm;
jcm;em;csufwpfcku tjrifhtedrfh csdefn§dEkdifjyD; rsufESmrl&mudk MudKufovdk csdefwG,f
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wyfqif yg&SdvmwmyJjzpfw,f/ Native resolution u 1680 x 1050 &Sdw,f/
ViewSonic &JU tqdkt& NTSC gamut &JU 106 &mckdifEIef;txd &&Sdapw,fvdkY od&
w,f/ .28 millimeters &JU pixel pitch wpfck yg&SdjyD; response time u 2ms eJY
pGrf;aqmifEkdifjyD; tvif;tm;u wpfrDwm pwk&ef;rSm 300 candelas tm; &Sdw,f/
Contrast ratio u 1000:1 jzpfw,f/ 1080p resolution tjynfhtxd udkifwG,f
aqmif&GufEkdifjcif;r&Sdovdk HDMI tquftoG,fvnf; ay;rxm;ay/ *&yfzpf
'DZdkif;vkyfief; vkyfolawGtwGufawmh tjynhft0 jznfhqnf; aqmif&Gufay;Edkifyg
vdrhfr,f/ ½kyf&SifawG Munhfr,fqkd&ifvnf; pdwfMudKufjzpfapEdkifygw,f/

Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo Wheel

jydKifum;rSm wyfqifxm;wJhtwkdif; wnfaqmufxm;wmrdkY

um;jydKifyGJ*drf;udk upm;r,fqkd&if wu,fhjydKifum;udk K9N2 SLI
udk,fwkdifarmif;ESifaewJh cHpm;rIrsKd;udk &oGm;apEkdifzdkY Platinum/
Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo Wheel u aqmifMuOf; K9N2 Zilent
ay;Edkifygw,f/ Windows PC *drf;awGeJY Play Station 3
MSI rS aemufqHk;xkwf motherboard wpfck jzpfw,f/
*drf;awGudkawmh upm;EdkifrSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dvkdaqmhupm;wJh
vG,fvG,f&Sif;&Sif; ajym&r,fqdk&if Phenom CPU
ae&mrSm MudK;rJhpepfeJY csdwfquf aqmif&GufapwmjzpfwJh
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twGuf upm;olawG taESmifht,Sufuif;uif;eJY vkyfudkif
r,f/ AM2+ Socket udk toHk;jyKxm;w,f/ AM2 +
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CPU twGuf FSB/ hyper transport bus taeeJY
yJjzpfjzpf? USB dongle av;udk wyfqifxm;jyD; upm;&wm
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jzpfw,f/ Controller udk pm;yGJrSm n§yfjzifh wyfqif,l&
AM2 CPU twGuf 2000/1600 MT/S EIef;xm;eJY yHhydk;
w,f/ armfawmfum;armif;ESifwhJtcg toHk;jyK&wJh vufudkif
aqmif&Gufay;ygvdrhfr,f/ DDR2 memory udkyJ cGifhjyK
bD;? *D,m? b&dwf? uvyfeJY vDAm tm;vHk;yg0ifw,f/
xm;ygw,f/ Memory yrmP 8GB txd cGifhjyKEkdif
*D,majcmufcsuftxd wkd;jr§ifhjyD; armif;EdkifwJhtjyif
w,f/ PCI - Ex16 ESpfckeJY toifhtaetxm; &Sdaeapyg
aemufqkwfwJh*D,mvnf; ygygw,f/ owfrSwf
w,f/ LAN twGuf 10/100/1000*1 udk cGifhjyKxm;
a&mif;cswJhaps;u a':vm 350 jzpfw,f/ tm;enf;csuf
ay;w,f/ USP ports ESpfckeJY audio parts awGudk
taeeJY aps;EIef;MuD;wmyJ
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ajymp&m&Sdw,fqkday
tqifhqifh pDpOfay;xm;jyD; aemufbufrSmvnf; USB
r,fh ajceif;awGu
ports av;ck? audio ajcmufck? 1394 optional twGuf
yvwfpwpfeJY vkyf
wpfck? eSATA twGuf ESpfck? DVI wpfckwkdYudk toHk;jyK
xm;wmrdkY wpfrsKd;
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wpfrnf cHpm;&apEdkifw,f/
cGifhjyKay;xm;ygw,f/

44 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCTS
Xerox Phaser 3250 / DN
Xerox Phaser 3250 / DN uawmh
monochrome laser printer wpfvHk;
jzpfjyD; tvGefjrefqefrI &Sdapw,f?
expandable vnf; &Edkifw,f/
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w,f/ Wired networking twGuf
cGifhjyKxm;ay;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cs
wJhaps;EIef;u 349 a':vmvdkY owf
rSwfxm;ayr,fh non-networked
version udkrl 279 a':vmeJY a&mif;cs
ygw,f/ 26 aygifomav;wmrdkY
Phaser 3250 u ayghw,fvkdY qkd&rSm
jzpfw,f/ Xerox u package eJYtwl
USB cable udk toifhxnhfay;vkduf
rSm jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh Ethernet
cable wpfckrQ rxnhfay;vdkufovdk
Wi-Fi qufoG,frIvnf; r&Edkifyg/
y&ifhxkwfMunfhwJhtcg pmrsufESm 30
xGufwmrdkY pmrsufESm 10 rsufESm&SdjyD;
charts awG? photo awGeJY text awG
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eJY jyD;pD;oGm;Edkifw,f/ plain text
oufoufeJY pmrsufESm 20 &SdwJh
document udk y&ifhxkwfcJhygu 44
puúefYyJ Mumygvdrhfr,f/ Standard
toner cartridge udk toHk;jyKwJhtcg
pmwpfrsufESmtwGuf 2 'or 5
qifhyJ usoifhw,f/ wu,fvdkY 128
MB RAM xyfjr§ifhjyD; pm&Gufa& 250
qHhwJh paper tray udkvnf; xyfxnhf
r,fqkd&ifawmh xyfjyD; wefzkd;wuf
vmEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
46 uGefysLwm*sme,f
LaCie 324
Professional awG&JU dream monitor wpfrsKd;vdkY
qdkEdkifygw,f/ aeYpOfawGUjrifae&wJh consumer
monitor awGrSm rMuHKzl;wJh aps;EIef;eJY a&mif;cswm
rdkY tjypfqkdzG,f&m &SdEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;
aps;u a':vm 1000jzpfw,f/ t&G,ftpm; 24 vufr
&SdjyD; native resolution 1920 x 1200 &Sdw,f/ 1080 p tjynhf&SdwJh Blu-ray
playback awGudk aumif;rGef crf;em;pGm wifqufay;EdkifjyD; High-Bandwidth
Content Protection (HDCP) twGuf vkdufavsmnDaxG vkyfaqmifay;Edkifw,f/
Response time u 6 ms &SdwmrdkY toHk;jyKoltwGuf vufcHavmufwJh tajctae
&Sdw,f/ Viewing angle u 178 'D*&Dtxd cGifhjyKay;xm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tvm;
wl t&G,ftpm;&SdwJh armfeDwmawGxJrSm wpfrlxl;jcm;aeapw,f/ LaCie 324 rSm
built- in Faroudja DCDi processor wpfckygwmrdkY video playback t&nf
taoG;udk ydkrdkjr§ifhwifay;Edkifwm jzpfw,f/ Color transitions wGufcsufwJhae&mrSm
standard 8-bit armfeDwmawGxuf ESpfq &&SdoGm;Edkifw,f/
HP TouchSmart IQ506
Touch Revolution awmh paeygjyD/ Touch technology
eJYywfoufjyD; ESpftawmfMum Labs awGxJrSmyJ&SdcJhygw,f/
'gayr,fh Apple u iPhone udk pwifrdwfqufay;
vkdufcsdefupjyD; vufawGUavmuxJudk xdxd rdrd
0ifa&mufvmwmvkdYqkd&ygvdrhfr,f/ pm;yGJ
ay:rSmjzpfjzpf? {nfhcef;rSmjzpfjzpf 'Denf;ynmudk toHk;cs
EkdifapzkdY HP u vdkif;opfxGifjyD; TouchSmart all-in-one PCs
awG xkwfvkyfvmcJhw,f/ tcktcg Touch Smart IQ 506 ukd toHk;jyKol vufxJ
1499 a':vmeJY xnhfay;zdkY MudK;pm;vdkufjyefw,f/ tjyifyef;taeeJY teufa&mif
udkawmufawmufajymifajymif zefqif;ay;xm;w,f/ Ultra-glossy trsKd;tpm;
22 vufrt&G,f LCD display eJY wefqmqifxm;wmrdkY uGefysLwm obm0tjyif
wDAGDtpm;xkd; taetxm;rsKd;eJYvnf; toHk;csEkdifw,f/ 2.16 GHz Core 2 Duo
T7400 processor wyfqifxm;jyD; 4GB-DDR2 RAM eJY integrated nVidia
GeForce 9300 M GS graphics eJY tm;jznhfay;xm;w,f/ okdrSD;yrmPtwGuf
500 GB txd &,lEdkifw,f/ Optical drive taeeJY DVD ± RW drive yg&Sdw,f/
wDADGtpm;xkd;tjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifapzdkY TV tuner wpfckudkvnf; xnhfay;xm;w,f/
vnfywfpepftwGuf Windows Vista Home Premium (64 bit) udk xnhfay;xm;
jyD; rmvfwDrD'D,m pGrf;aqmif&nfawG vkyfudkifapzdkY jznhfqnf; aqmif&Gufay;xm;
w,f/ rmvfwDrD'D,mtwGuf [mh'f0Jaqmhzf0JawG vHkvHkavmufavmuf yg&SdjyD;
tHhMop&maumif;avmufwJh touch experience udk &&SdEdkifapygw,f/ IQ 506
twGuf tm;enf;csufuawmh Blu-ray option ryg&SdwmyJjzpfw,f/ 'DtwGuf HD
potential udk uefYowfvkdufovdk jzpfoGm;apw,f/ Intergrated graphics udk
toHk;jyKxm;wmaMumifh 3D games awGtwGuf tiftm;csnfheJYovdk&Sdae&w,f/
NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON
Toshiba Satellite L310 - N 403 notebook
uGefysLwmeJY vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEdkifp&mudptö 00udk
aqmif&GufEdkifjyD; usyfaiG 7 odef;avmufeJY 0,f,l
&&SdEdkifr,fh notebook tvdk&SdcJhygu Toshiba Satellite
L310 - N 403 udkom 0,f,lygawmhvdkY nTef;qdk&rSm
jzpfw,f/ Intel celeron M 550 2.0 GHZ processor
eJYtwl 512 MB DDR RAM eJY Intel GL960 graphics
wdkYudk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ 120 GB yrmP&SdwJh SATA
hard drive udk zHk;xm;jyD; optical drive tjzpf DVD RW
super yg&Sdygw,f/ Drive awGtwGuf shock absorber
wyfqifay;xm;wmrdkY awmf½Hkwef½Hk wkefcgrIawGudk
cHEkdif&nf&Sdapw,f/ 14 vufr t&G,f WXGA LCD
display eJY 1.3 MP webcam wdkY yg&SdvmwJhtjyif
Toshiba &JU xl;jcm;wJh Smart Face vHkjcHKa&;pepfudk
toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;ygw,f/ MudK;rJh qufoG,frItwGuf
WiFi 802.11g udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 10/100 Ethernet LAN eJY
56 K fax/modem wdkYvnf; toifh yg&Sdvmygw,f/
Toshiba Satellite M 300-N400 notebook
Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;w,f/
Mercury silver ta&mifudk,fxnfeJYa&m Crinsen Red (tvkd&Sdygu Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l
ta&mifeJYyg vSvSyy'DZdkif;eJY awGUjrif&w,f/ wpfukd,fa& &&SdEdkifygw,f/)
entertainment twGuf toHk;csEkdifovdk REGZA - Link
udk toHk;csjyD; TV eJYvnf; qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEdkifzdkY
HDML tqifh yg&Sdvmygw,f/ FM tuner udkvnf;
bulit-in wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ vHkjcHKa&;pepftwGuf
Smart Face udk toHk;jyKxm;ay;w,f/ 14 'or 1
vufrt&G,f WXGA clearSuperView TFT display
av;uvnf; cefYcefYxnfxnf &Sdaeygw,f/ Intel Core 2
Duo T 5750 processor udk wyfqifxm;jyD; 1GB DDR
RAM wdkY? Intel GM 965 graphic wdkYeJYtwl 160 GB
hard drive udkvnf; wyfqifxm;w,f/ MudK;rJhqufoG,f
pepftwGuf WiFi 802.11 g udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 56 K Fax/
Modem wpfck 10/100 Ethernet LAN wpfckvnf; toifh
wyfqifay;vdkufygw,f/ Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toifh
oHk;Edkifygw,f/ tydkaqmif;tjzpf webcam wdkY? card
reader wdkYudkvnf; jznfhqnf;ay;xm;ygw,f/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;u 13 odef;0ef;usif &Sdygw,f/(tvkd&Sdygu
Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygw,f/)

48 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

MSI MEGA PR200 notebook

Professional series twGuf vSvSyy aMumhaMumh&Sif;&Sif;'DZdkif;eJY xkwfvkyfvkdufwJh notebook
jzpfw,f/ 'Red dot' design award vnf; &&Sdxm;w,f/ MSI xkwfypönf;jzpfwJhtavsmuf ,HkMunf
pdwfcs&rItjynhfeJY &SdaeapjyD; aps;EIef;uvnf; oifhavsmfwJhtqifh &Sdw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh
wefzdk;u 820 a':vm jzpfygw,f/ Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile 1.83 GHz T5550 processor udk
oHk;xm;w,f/ Intel i965GM + ICH8 - M chipset yg0ifw,f/ DDR2 - RAM 2GB eJY Intel GMA
3100 graphic wdkYudk yl;wGJ aqmif&Gufapw,f/ SATA hard drive160GB yrmPyg&SdjyD; DVD
SuperMulti drive udkvnf; jznhfqnf;ay;xm;ygw,f/ TFT WXGA + ACV display trsKd;tpm;
12 vufrt&G,fudk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ qufoG,f aqmif&GufrIawGtwGuf 56 K Fax/ Modem wdkY?
10/100/1000 Mbps LAN wdkY? 802.11 b/g WLAN wkdY? Bluetooth wdkYudk yHhydk;aqmif&GufEkdifjyD; Card
Reader wpfck? 1.3 Mp webcamera wpfckwdkYeJY Fingerprint system wpfck xnhfay;xm;wm
awGU&w,f/ HDML output wyfay;xm;jyD; built-in Digital TV receiver udkawmh
option taeeJY &Edkifygw,f/ (tvkd&Sdygu Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifwGif
0,f,lEdkif&ef toifh&Sdaeygw,f/)

MSI MEGA VR420 notebook

MSI ukrÜPDu MEGA VR 420 udk bwf*suform;awGtwGuf
Value serices tjzpf xkwfvkyfay;vdkufwm jzpfw,f/
pGrf;aqmif&nfeJY pwkdifudk rQrQww 'DZdkif;jyKxm;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u
655 a':vm jzpfygw,f/ Intel Pentium Dual Core Mobile 1.60 GHz T2330 processor
wyfqifxm;jyD; 1 GB - DDR2 RAM wkdY? Intel GMAX 3100 grpahics wdkYeJY
120 GB SATA hard drive wdkYeJY yl;wGJ vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEkdifzdkY pDpOfxm;wJhtjyif DVD SuperMulti drive udk
optical twGuf jznfhqnf;ay;xm;wm awGU&w,f/ 14 'or 1 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh WXGA LCD display av;
wyfqifxm;jyD; display &JU abmifxdyfrSm 1.3 MP webcam av; yg&Sdw,f/ Card reader 4 in 1 udkvnf;
wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ qufoG,fa&;twGuf 56KFax/Modem wkdY 10/100/1000 Mbps LAN eJY 802.11 bg WLAN
wdkYvnf; jznhfqnf;ay;xm;w,f/ toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf Ergonie yHkpHjyKxm;wJh full-sized uD;bkwfuvnf;
tqifajyajy toHk;jyKEkdifapw,f/ udk,fxnft&G,ftpm;u 332 _ 240 _ 26 'or 5 uDvdkrDwm&SdjyD;
2 'or 2 uDvkdyJ av;wmrdkY tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;zdkY tqiftajyqHk; jzpfaeapw,f/
(tvdk&Sdygu Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygw,f/)

atmufwkdbm? 2008 49
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"mwfjym;zGipfh ufvufwaH wGeYJ
wlw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DvufwH
udk xdef;ausmif;armif;ESif
ae&ma&TUay;rIu drive rS
wyfqifxm;wJh firmware
ac:wJh y½dk*&rf twdkuav;
eJY interface vdkY jzpf
w,f/ Drive taeeJY write
or read order &vm&if
vuf w H [ m vd y f p myg
tracks vrf;aMumif;ay:udk
a&muf&SdjyD; wnfxm;w,f/
Write commend 0ifvm&if
file wpfckudk track ay:u
ra&; &ao;wJh ae&mvGwf
&SmazGjyD; pwif a&;r,f/
Track rSm ae&m file
wpfc[ k m wcsKUd ae&m rqH&h if
aemufxyf ae&mvGwfwpfck
udk &SmazGjyD; qufvuf a&;
om;oGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
tJ'D file [m ae&mrsKd;pHkrSm
jyefYusJ wnf&Sdaer,f/ tJ'D
vdkae&mpHk jyefYMuJ wnf&Sdae
wmudk fragments vdkY ac:
w,f/ tJ'D file udk jyefvnf
&SmazGzwfEikd zf Ykd disk &JU cata-
logs file ae&mrSm directory
table qdkwJh vdyfpmtñTef;
wpfck jyKpkxm;zdkYvdkw,f/
wu,fvdkY read command
0if v m&if a wmh drive u
tJ'D vdyfpmudkt&if&SmazGjyD;
vufwHudk vdk&m track vrf;
aMumif;ay: a&TUay;jyD; vdk&m
ae&mu pzwfoGm;apw,f/
vdyfpmtay: rlwnfjyD;
ae&mrsKd;pHkudk ausmfvTm;zwf
½I oGm;Edkifapw,f/ 'Dvdk &Sm
azG zwf½I&wJhtwGuf wpfcg
wpfcg aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI
awG &S d w ,f / 'gaMumif h
buffer ac:wJ h rS w f Ó Pf
Mum;cHwpfckudk xm;&Sday;&
w,f / 0if v mwJ h tcsuf
tvufeYJxu G o f mG ;wJh tcsuf
tvufawG[m tJ'D buffer
Mum;cHu wpfqihf tqihf
qihf jynfhpHkjyD; wpfwGJwnf;
jzpfjyDqdkrS ydkYvTwfw,f/ rSwf
ÓPf uGe;f axmufpcef;aygh/
OPTICAL DRIVE
1980 jynfEh pS f 0ef;usiu f CD player Mu;D awG[m
t&G,t f pm;Mu;D rm;jy;D "mwfjym;vnf; a&G;w,f/
'DaeYacwf optical drivesawGuawmh
vmorQ"mwfjym;tm;vk;H tay:rmS
a&;zwfvyk af y;Ekid pf rG ;f &Sv
d mw,f/
'DaeYacwfay: DVD
burner awG rSm DVD burn
zdkY avqmwpfrsKd;udk oHk;jyD;
CDs burn zdkY aemufxyf
avqmwpfrsKd;udk oHk;w,f/
Laser sled [m
sliding rails ac:wJ h
avQmvrf;ay:rSm &Sw d ,f/ a&SU
wdk;aemufiif a&GUvsm;atmif
motor u armif;ESifay;
w,f/ Laser sled &JU a&GU
vsm;rI [ m disc hub
"mwfjym;vSnhftHk puf0dkif;
A[dkcsufeJY tcsif;rsOf;yHkpH
twd k i f ; a&G U vsm;w,f /
avqma&mifjcnfukd avqm
'dkiftkwftae xkwfvkyfay;
jyD; Lens rSefbDvl;u
pkqHkay;w,f/ Read and
write twGuf vdktyfr,fh
avqmjyif;tm;udk vdkovdk
twdk;tavQmh vkyfEdkifatmif
pDrHxm;w,f/ aw;oHoGif;
qdkifawGu jzefYcsdwJh rmpwm
acGvYkd ajymajymaeMuwJh rlv
CDs udk commercial pres-
sed CD-Rom dics vdkY ac:
w,f / tvG e f r mausmwJ h
poly carbonate yvwf
pwpfjym;ay:rSm tcsKdihf&m
uav;awG yHkzd,lxm;wm/
tJ'D tcsKdihf&m uav;awGudk
pits vdkY ac:w,f/ pits
&Sdjcif; r&Sdjcif;tay: rlwnf
jyD; 1 eJY 0 bits wefzdk;awG
jzpfvmw,f/ DVD "mwf
jym;ay:u pits uav;awG&UJ
t&G,t f pm;[m CDs ay:u
pits t&G,t f pm;xuf trsm;
MuD; ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
DVD "mwfjym;[m tcsuf
tvuf 0ifqHhrIyrmP MuD;
rm;w,f/ tJ'D pits xGif;
xm;wJh polycarbonate csyf
jym;ay:rSm reflective ma-
terial ac:wJh a&mifjyef
tvTmwpfck xif&w,f/ tJ'D
a&mifjyefvTmudk tvsLrDeD
,rf? aiGeJY a&T oHk;rsKd;pyfxm;
wJh owåKpyfeJY jyKvkyfavh &Sd
w,f/ tJ'Dtay:urS pro-
tective coating ac:wJh
xdcdkufcH tumvTm wyfqif
&w,f/ tJ'Dtay:rSm label

atmufwb
kd mv 2008 97
surface
ac:wJh tay:,H
rsufESmjyif &Sdr,f/
"mwfjym;ay:rSm odrf;
qnf;xm;wJh tcsuftvuf
awG zwf½IzdkY avqma&mif
jcnfudk c½kywfacGyHkpHudk
oGm;&r,f/ Pits ac:wJh wGi;f
csKdihfxJ oGm;uswJh avqm
[m tay:wnf h w nf h o d k Y
tvif; rjyefEdkifbJ ab;bD
udk jyefYMuJuek wf ,f/ vd&k mudk
ra&muf E d k i f a wmh b l ; aygh /
wu,f v d k Y a&mif j yef v T m
tkyfxm;wJh jyifnD (lands)
eJY xdawGU&ifawmh tay:
wnhfwnfh tvif;tm½HkcH
ud&d,mqD tvif;jyefr,f/
tvif;jyefeJY tvif;rjyefwJh
taetxm;udkvdkufjyD; 0 eJY
1 wef z d k ; awG jzpf a y:vm
w,f/
yHkzdenf;eJY xkwfvkyfwJh
pressed CD-ROM tjyif
avqma&mifjcnfeYJ wdu k ½f u
kd f
a&;Edkif? zsufEdkifwJh pD'D "mwf
jym;awGvnf; &Sdao;w,f/
tJ'D pD'cD syfukd optical drive
xJ xnfhvdkufpOf sirmwere
u dics type udk cGJjcm; od&Sd
vdkufw,f/ b,fvdk pD'Dcsyf
vJaygh/ Look-up table rSm
media's parameter tcsuf
tvufawGudk cGJjcm; em;
vnfvdkufjyD; avqm 'dkif
98 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tkwfuae
csihfawmfr,fh jyif;
tm;&SdwJh avqm a&mif
jcnf xkwfvkyf jzpfay:ap
w,f/
"mwfjym;&JU A[dkcsuf
uae tjyifbufudk c½kywf
acGyHkpH avqmeJY a&;xGif;
awmhw,f/ avqmtiftm;
eJYawmh pressed CD-Rom
rSm&SdwJh pits awGudk yvwf
pwpf trmay:rSm xGi;f Edik rf mS
r[k w f b l ; / tJ ' gaMumih f
a&mifjyefvTm wpfckavmuf
cHjyD; tJ'Dtay:rSm tvif;
xdod wkHYjyefrI&SdwJh organic
dye layer tvTm wpfck vkyf
ay;vd k u f w ,f / 'D t wd k i f ;
Munf h & if a wmh a&mif c s,f
tvTm[m tvif;aygufjyD;
Munfvifaer,f/
avqmtm; jyif;jyif;eJY
xdk;vdkuf&if xdk;rdwJh ae&m
[m tvif;ydwfvTm jzpfoGm;
r,f/ olYtay: usvmwJh
avqm tvif ; wef ; ud k
tvif; rjyefapEdkifawmhbJ
pits wG i f ; csKd i h f u av;awG
oabmrsKd; xrf;aqmifay;
w,f/
tJ'Dtay:urS protec-
tive Layer eJY Label sur-
faces wdkY &Sdw,f/ CD-R eJY
DVD-R awG[m 'DvdkyHkpH
wnfaqmufxm;w,f/ wpf
MudrfyJ a&;Edkifw,f/ tMudrf
Mudrf jyefzwfEdkifw,f/
CD-RW eJY DVD ±
RW wd k Y [m tMud r f M ud r f
txyfxyf jyefa&; jyefzsuf
Edik af tmif vkyx
f m;w,f/ xl;
jcm;wmu organic dye
layer tpm; mutable
phase change
chemical layer ac:wJh
avqm a&mifjcnfjyif;tm;
tay:rlwnfjyD; taetxm;
wpfrsKd;rSm tvif;aygufvTm
jzpfr,f/
aemuf taetxm;
wpfrsKd;rSm tvif;ydwftvTm
jzpfr,f/ tvif;ydwfaewJh
ae&mudk aemufxyf avqm
jyif;tm; wpfrsKd;oHk;vdkuf&if
tvif;aygufvmT jyefjzpfomG ;
r,f/ a&;jyD;om;udk jyefzsuf
jyD; e*dktwdkif; jyefvkyfwJh
oabmyg/
CRT MONITOR
rjrif&wJh a&mifjcnf&,f? tDvufx&Geaf oewf&,f CRTawG[m
acwfuek w f ,f xif&ayr,fh olrY mS tok;H ûyxm;wJh wcsKeUd nf;ynmawGuawmh
vufzsm;cgavmufygay&J/U

zefom;eJY jyKvkyfxm; ypf aoewfoHk;vuf wyf tDvufx&Gef vQyfr trIef vQyfppfoHvdkufvIdif;xkwf

wJh Cathoderay tube qif x m;w,f / Cathode wef;tjzpf vGwfajrmuf ay: uG d K if a wG u d k wyf q if x m;
uufokwfa&mifjcnf rD;oD; "mwfr vQyfacgif;u vGwf xGufvmw,f/ rD;oD;&JU t0 w,f/ yHkazmf jyuGufay:rSm
MuD;xJrSm av[me,fjyKxm; xGufvmwJh tDvufx&Gef usOf; xdy0f uyfvsufrmS de- RGB vdkYac:wJh teDuGuf?
w,f/ tJ'D rD;oD;MuD;aemuf awGudk anode vQyfzdk vQyf flection yoke ac:wJh tpd r f ; uG u f ? tjymuG u f
rSm electron guns ac: acgif;u vSrf;jyD; zrf;qGJwJh tDvufx&Gef a&mifjcnfwef; oH;k rsK;d oH;k zvS,f phosphor
wJh tDvufx&Gef a&mifjcnf twGuf electronbeams udk yHkazmf rsufESmjyifay: dot azmh p zd w f a&mif
tvsm;vd k u f ? a'gif v d k u f ajymifawmufawmuf yHkazmf
b,fnm? xufatmuf vdk pufuav;awG okwfvdrf;
ovdk aoGznfay;Edkifr,fh um xm;w,f/ tJ'D tajccH
ta&mifoHk;rsKd; yHkazmfpuf
tay:udkusa&mufwJh
tDvufx&Gef a&mif
jcnfjyif;tm; tenf;
trsm;ay: rlwnfjyD;
usefta&mif trsKd;
rsKd; pyf[yfjzpfay:
vmw,f/
CRT yHkazmf rsufESm
jyif [ m shadow
mask eJY opera-
ture grill qd k j yD ;
pepf ESpfrsKd;eJYvm
w,f/ yHpk tH a[mif;
CRT yHkazmfrsufESmjyif
awG r S m RGB phosphor
awG[m eDjympdrf; tvSnfhus
pDxm;wJh tpufyHkpHeJY vmjyD;
aemufydkif; yHkpHawGrSm tpuf
yHkpH roHk;awmhbJ eDjympdrf;

atmufwb
kd mv 2008 99
vdkif;uav;awG tvSnhfus
pDxm;wJh RGB stripes yHkpH
eJYyJ vmygawmhw,f/ Sha-
dow mask ac:wJh yHk&dyfcs
ZumoH k ; wJ h CRT awG r S m
yHkazmfyHkuawmh oihfyDpD uGef
ysLwmrSmwyfxm;wJh graph-
ics adapter u ay;ydkYvmwJh
command awG monitor udk
a&muf v mwmeJ Y tD v uf
x&Gefaoewf oHk;vufu
tDvufx&Gefwef oHk;ckudk
xk w f v T w f a y;vd k u f w ,f /
tJ'gudk detlection yoke eJY
vdk&myJhxdef;jyD; azmhpzdwf
a&mifajymifatmif okwv f rd ;f
xm;wJh yHkazmf rsufESmjyif
aemufuyfvsuf mask
yH k & d y f c sqef c g&J U tayguf
wpfcku 0ifa&mufjyD; ouf
qdkif&m a&mifajymif;awmuf
yHkazmfvdkif; wpfvdkif;pDudk us
a&mufapw,f/ Trinitrons
'grSr[kwf Diamondtrons
monitor awGrSmawmh yHk&dyfcs
qefcgtpm; wires MudK;awG
a'gifvdkuf pDxm;wJh Aper-
ture-grill udk toHk;jyKxm;
w,f/ 0ifvmwJh tDvuf
x&Gef a&mifjcnfwef; oHk;ck
udk triad ac: wJh Mwd*yH pkH H
eDjympdrf; tpufoHk;cktay:
twd t us usa&muf a p
w,f/
yH k & d y f t&nf t aoG ;
taetxm;tay:rlwnfjyD;
yHk&dyfwpfck&JU tao;i,fqHk;
tpdwftydkif;jzpfwJh pixel
udk triad wpfckodkYr[kwf
wpfcx k ufyw kd hJ ta&twGuf
eJY zGJUpnf;,lw,f/
100 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tDvufx&Gef aoewf
[m yHkazmf rsufESmjyifudk
tvsm;vdkuf b,frSnm ypf
cwfjyD; wpfvdkif;jyD;wpfvdkif;
ypfcwf yHkazmf,lw,f/ ypf
csufwdkif;rSm tDvufx&Gef
a&mifjcnf tjyif;taysmh uGm
jcm;rI &SdwJhtwGuf yHkazmf
tvif;pufawGudk tvif;
enf;enf;awmuf? tvif;
rsm;rsm;awmuf jzpfay:ap
&mu yHk&dyfoP²mefawG jzpf
ay:xif[yfapw,f/
azmhpzdwf a&mifajymif;
awmuf yHkazmfpufawG[m
tvif;tm;udk Mum&Snf xde;f
rxm;Edkifygbl;/ 'gaMumifh
wpfqufwpfpyfwnf; vIyf
&Sm;aewJh yHk&dyfawG jrifEdkifzdkY
wpfpuúefYtwGif; frame 60
uae 80 tMum; ypfcwfay;
zdkY vdkw,f/ 'gudk refresh
rate vdkY ac:w,f/
'gaMumifh tvsm;vdkuf
eJY a'gifvukd f yHak zmfpuf ta&
twGuf 1280 x 1024 &SdwJh
Hi-det TV yHkazmfrsufESmjyif
udk wpfpuúeYf 75 frame (75
Hz refresh rate) eJY ypfcwf
yHkazmfr,fqdk&if wpfpuúefY
qdkwJh tcsdeftwGif; pixel
aygif; oef; 100 udk udkif
wG,f ypfcwf&wJh oabmyJ/
LCD MONITOR
Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD monitor
'grrS [kwf notebook uGeyf sLwm&JU ykaH zmf
jyuGu[ f m wu,fawmh tqifjh rifeh nf;ynmeJY
tqifh qifh xkyyf ;dk xm;wJh vTmcsyw
f pfcyk gy/J Liquid
crystal armfvu D sL;awG [m
Mum;cHaygi;f ul;ay;olawGayg/h
LCD panel &JU aemuf
bufrSm tvif;jyefvTm&SdjyD;
tJ'DrSm rD;acsmif;vdk t&mrsKd;
eJYtvif;a&mifay;xm;w,f/
'gudk light source 'grS
r[k w f back light
vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D&JUa&SU
eJY rSm &Sdaewmuawmh
polarizing filter ac:wJh
tajrmif ; ajrmif ; awG y gwJ h
vIdif;oefYvTmcsyf ESpfckygyJ/
vTmcsy&f UJ wpfcek YJwpfcu k kd 90
'D * &D axmih f r S e f u satmif
xm;ay;xm;w,f / 'D v d k
taetxm;[m tvif ;
vIdif;wpfck&JU b,fnmxuf
atmuf vT J c G i f h t m;vH k ; ud k
jzwfoef;cGifhrjyKbJ ydwfqdkY
taetxm;jzpf a ew,f /
tvif;ydwftaetxm;aygh/
tJ'DvTmcsyfESpfckMum;udk liq-
uid crystal molecules
xnhaf y;vduk &f ifawmh armfvD
usL;&JU xdyfpGef;ESpfzuf[m
90 'D*&DoefYwef; jzpfaewJh
vIdif;qefYvTmcsyfrSm jzpfay:
aewJh tajrmif;eJY tjydKifus
wG,u f yfwmrdYk armfvu D sL;&JU
tv,facgif[m 90 'D*&D
tvdkufoihf vdrfacgufae&
w,f/ 'Dvdk taetxm;[m
tvif;ayguf taetxm;
jzpf o G m ;jyD / yxrvT m csyf
tajrmif;taygufMum;u 0if
vmwJh tvif;[m armfvD
usL; wpfavQmuf jzwfoef;
&if; 90 'D*&D vSnfhoGm;wm
aMumif h 'k w d , vT m csyf & J U
tajrmif;taygufeJY tvdkuf
oihf jydKifusjzpfoGm;jyD; quf
vuf xdk;azmuf jzwfoef;
oGm;Edik &f w,f/ wd;k vQKad yguf
jzwfoef;Edkifjcif;aygh/ Liq-
uid crystal armfvDusL;udk
vQyfppf enf;enf;oihf&if
tacGtacguf enf;enf;ajy
oG m ;r,f / 90 'D * &D acG
acgufae&muae 60 'D*&D
avmufyJ acGacgufwmrsKd;
jzpfomG ;r,f/ 'Dvq kd &kd if 100
&mcd k i f E I e f ; tvif ; ayguf
taetxm;uae 65 &mcdkif
EI e f ; yJ tvif ; ayguf a wmh
r,f / aemuf x yf 'D x uf
vQyfppf enf;enf;ydkoihf&if
40 'D*&D avmufyJ acGacguf
awmhr,f/ enf;enf; ydak jzmihf
vmjyD/ tvif;aygufEIef; 35
&mcd k i f E I e f ; usef a wmh r ,f /
'gqdk tvif;ydwfbufudk
ydkeD;pyfvmjyD/ vHkavmufwJh
vQyfppfoihfap&ifawmh armf
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acgufae&mu wpfajzmihf
wnf; jzpfoGm;wJhtwGuf
yxrvTmcsyfu armfvDusL;
xJ jzwf o ef ; wJ h tvif ;
wef ; ud k 90 'D * &D vrf ;
aMumif; ajymif; vSnrhf ay;Edik f
wmaMumifh 'kwd,vTmcsyf
tvif;0ifayguf tajrmif;eJY
90 'D*&D uefYvefYjzpfjyD;
jzwfoef;r&bJ vH;k 0 tvif;
ydwfoGm;r,f/ Black dot
aygh/ tJ'v
D kd vQyfppfoihaf pzdYk
Liquid crystal eJY 'kwd,
polarizing filter tMum;rSm
transister grid ud k
cHay;xm;&w,f/ Transis-
ter grid &JU tvsm;vdkufeJY
a'gifvdkuf qHkrSwfwpfckrSm
&SdwJh x&efppöwmwpfck[m
sub-pixel wpfcu k kd ud,
k pf m;
jyKw,f/Sub-pixel wpfc[ k m
eDjympdrf; (RGB) tajccH
ta&mifxJu wpfckck jzpfEdkif
w,f / Sub-pixel oH k ; ck
aygif;&if pixel wpfck jzpf
vmr,f/ Sub-pixel wpfcu k oef;eJYcsD yg0ifavh&Sdw,f/
jzwfxu G vf mwJh tjzLtvif;
wef ; ud k ta&mif p pf v T m
(color filter) wpfckxJ jzwf
oef ; apjcif ; jzif h teD od k Y
r[k w f tjym od k Y r[k w f
tpdrf; tvdk&Sd&m ta&mif
wpfa&mifujkd zpfay:apw,f/
eDjympdrf; tcsKd;us aygif;pyf
rIuae vdk&mta&mif pixel
wpfcjk zpfay:vmw,f/ LCD
yHak zmfrsuEf mS jyifwpfcrk mS tJ'D
vdk yHak zmf pixel ta&twGuf

atmufwb
kd mv 2008 101
INKJET PRINTER
Inkjet printer wpfv;kH udk armif;ESir
f ,fh control into
awG[m yDpu D eG yf sLwm&JU driver u
vmcsi&f ifvm? rvm&if printer rSm
wpfygwnf; yl;wGJ wyfqifxm;wJh onboard
electronics awGu vmw,f/
puú L wpf & G u f a y:rS m
yHkESdyfzdkY yxrqHk; paper
tray puúLAef;xJu puúL
wpf&u G u f kd roller u vSrd q hf JG
,l j yD ; printhead/car-
tridge assembly a&SUudk
ydkYaqmifxnfhay;xm;vdkuf
w,f / ud k sliding
rod avQmvrf;ay:rSm wyf
qifxm;w,f/ avQmvrf;
ay:rSm b,fa&TU nma&TU udpö
twGuf printhead step-
per motor eJY cg;ywf
MudK; belt wdkYu wpfqihf
vkyfaqmifay;w,f/ print-
head uav;awG [ m
tvGef tEkpw d f ao;i,fwm
rdkY semiconductor xkwfwJh
etching process oHk; xkwf
vky, f &l w,f/ wcsKUd printer
awGrSmawmh head eJY ink
cartridge rif b l ; [m
wpfww JG nf;jzpfw,f/ Head
rSm tvGefao;i,f tEkpdwf
wJh nozzles pufacgif;
uav;awG ygw,f/ Noz-
zle ta&twGuf[m wpf
104 uGefysLwm*sme,f
'gZifuae axmif
eJYcsDvnf; &SdEdkifw,f/
ink chamber rifvTwf
cef;xJu rifawG&JU xGuf
aygufvnf; jzpfw,f/ rif
vT w f c ef ; xJ u rif a wG u d k
awmh cartridge xJu &,l
w,f/ Nozzle vTwfacgif;
wpfcku rIwfxkwfvdkufwJh
rifpufuav; wpfpuf&JU
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ao;i,f v G e f ; wJ h t&G , f
tpm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifrSm
r[k w f b l ; / Epsons u
vGJ&ifusefwJh inkjet printer
awGrSm rifvTwfcef;t0rSm
tvGefao;i,fwJh resistor
uav;awG wyf q if
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vQyfpD;wpfck jzwfpD;csdefrSm
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nozzle acgif;t0u t&Sdef
t[kefjyif;pGm xdk;xGufjyD;
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awmhbJ [moGm;&if capil-
pG J x if a pw,f / Epsons
lary action t& riftopf
inkjet printer rSmawmh tyl
awG a&mufvmw,f/ Print-
ay;wJhenf;roHk;bJ vQyfppf
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usH K Utm; piezoelectric
udk wpfvdkif;jyD; wpfvdkif;
process oabmw&m;ud k
yHkESdyf xif[yfvmapw,f/
toH k ; jyKxm;w,f / Ink
Ink chamber rifvTwfcef;
chamber rifvTwfcef;xJrSm
uav;awGrSm tylay;? ypf
xnfhxm;wJh crystal wpfrsKd;
vTwf? tat;cHqdkwJh jzpfpOf
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LASER PRINTER
oifph m;yJcG aHk y:u £ajEw
r&Sw
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photocopier awG e J Y nD
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printing data awG[m con-
troller circuitry udk
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data awGudk translate vkyf
ay;w,f/ Raster image
processor (RIP) u image
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f w
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trix dots rsm;tjzpf ajymif;
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vQyfacgif;uae jywfawmif;
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awG vl;uyfxm;wJh devel-
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sembly uae paper
tray puúLAef;xJu puúL
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kd mv 2008 105
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rif r I e f Y eJ Y qef Y usif b uf
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ppftm;eJY uyfaewJh puúL[m
tylay; wvdrhfwHk; fuser
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roller awGukd jzwfoef;tjyD;
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intermediate belt wpfck
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Mum;cHaygif;ul; csdwfquf &Sw
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Wi-Fi hotspot wpf c k awGrSm rSm jyxm;wJh top ac:wJh MudK;rJh a&'D,kd
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ay;&&ifawmh wpfzufeYJ wpf
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awGU&mMuHK&m Wi-Fi ena-
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ukvd ufcaH qmif&u
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vmjyD; tcsuftvuf a&;rI
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&mcdik Ef eI ;f
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atmif pDpOfxm;w,f/ tck
aemufqkH;ay: hardware
awGrmS awmh multiple input,
multiple output (MIMO)
technology xnf h o G i f ;
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uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

wD;ay;wJh oabmyJ jzpfwJhtwGuf firefox &JU (Ctrl+N)

13. Browser command eJY qifwlygw,f/
Google Chrome &JU vQKd 0U u
S cf suf 30

pufwifbmvtwGif;rSm google uae web browser

wpfcu k kd pwifrw
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tJ'D browser &JU vQKdU0Suf csuf uav;rsm;udk azmfjyvdkuf&yg
w,f/
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start menu ay:udk ac:wifjyD; shortcut wpfcktaeeJY
zefwD;Edkifygw,f/ udk,ftoHk;rsm;wJh web pmrsufESmwpfck
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(Oyrm tm;jzifh Gmail qdyk gawmh) t&ifq;kH zGijfh yD; tvG,f
google chrome &JU rl&if; home page udk jyefa&muf
wuleJYyJ pm&GufyHk options rSm &SdwJh 'creat application
oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D homepage rSm user wpfa,muf
shortcuts' button udk uvpfESdyfvdkuf½HkygyJ/
toHk;rsm;wJh pmrsufESmawGudk 'thumbnail' pDpOf ay;xm;
wmudk awGU&ygr,f/
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jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvYkd Tab wpfcu k kd drag qGcJ sr,f qd&k if
window topfwpfcktaeeJY zGihfvSpfay;ygvdrhfr,f/

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topf w pf c k taeeJ Y
home page ay:rS m
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r,f qd&k ifawmh (incognito) qdw
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108 uGefysLwm*sme,f

6/'Ctrl, Shift eJY T' wdYkukd wGzJ uf ESyd v
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'save' rvkyv f u
kd rf w
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jyefvnf rSwfrdzdkYtwGuf odyftoHk;0ifygw,f/ Google
chrome [m tedrhfqHk; tab (10) cktxd rSwfrdaeygw,f/
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twGufuawmh Ctrl key udk zdESdyfxm;jyD; keyboard &JU
tay: bm;wef;rSm&SdwJh 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . number awGeJY
a&m,Suf zdESdyfvdkY &ygw,f/ Oyrm pmrsufESm ig;ckajrmuf
udk oGm;csifwJhtcgrSm (Ctrl +5) udk wGJzuf ESdyf&ygr,f/
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ing ac:,ljyD;cJw
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rsufESmawGudk pdwfMudKufae&mcsjyD; txm;todk a&TUajymif;
zdkYtwGuf mouse udk zdxm;jyD; drag qGJ,l&ygr,f/
11/odyfMudKufwJh pmrsufESmwpfckudk awGU&wJhtcgrSmawmh
rSwfom; bookmark vkyfxm;zdkYtwGuf 'Ctrl eJY D' udk
ESdyf&ygr,f/ tJ'DurS ay:vmwJh edit box xJrSm udk,fh
pdwfMudKuf trnfay;wmeJY folder wnfaqmufwmawGudk
vkyfaqmifEdkifygw,f/ Address bar rSm &SdaewJh Mu,fyGihf
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w,f/
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mark bar udk cP azsmufay;xm;ygw,f/ jrifuGif; us,f
us,u f kd Munfvh o
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ton) av;udk Right click ESy dvf ukd w
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ing OyrmrSm tufaq;wpfyk'fa&;zdkY
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tor wpfO;D &SE d ikd w
f ,f/ aqmif;yg;wpfy'k f
udk wnf;jzwfzdkY word processor udk
oH;k wJh editor actor vnf; &SEd ikd yf gw,f/
vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;wnf;u roles rsm;pGmrS
yg0ifEdkifw,f/ Student, editor, pub-
lisher ponfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm
taeeJY RMO &JU create new order
use case rSm ta&mif;udk,fpm;vS,fxH
azmufonfu zke;f eJYwpfqihrf mS Mum;wm
yg0ifEdkifw,f/ tJ'Dtcg sales repre-
sentative u actor jzpfw,f/ tjcm;
wpfzufrSm azmufonfu tifwmeuf
ay:u wdkuf½dkuf atmf'grSmwmqdk&if
customer u actor jzpfvmygw,f/
yHkrSm use case wpfckudk rSwfwrf;
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 121
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
azmufonfu 0ufbt
f rSm ûyvkyo
f nf scenario
wifyHk jyxm;w,f/ ½dk;pif;aom wkwf
acsmif;yHk vl½yk ef YJ actor ud,
k pf m;jyKw,f/
k ½l yk yf rkH mS actor yg0ifwhJ tcef;u@
xdv
role udk rSnfhac: trnfay;xm;w,f/
Use case udk,fEIdufudkawmh txJrSm
¤if;&JU trnfeJY bJOyHk azmfjyxm;w,f/
Actors eJY use cases awGMum; rsOf;
vdkif;uawmh b,f actors awG? b,f
use cases awGrSm yg0ifovJ ñTefjyyg
w,f/
Scenarios
Use case wpfck[m actor wpfOD;
u uGeyf sLwm system jzifh wHYk jyef quf
oG,íf business activity aqmif&u G yf kH
122 uGefysLwm*sme,f
udkom azmfjyw,f/ Use Case wpfck
[m tay:tqihf tao;pdwfrusaom
vTr;f jcHKrdonfh azmfjycsujf zpfw,f/ Use
case wpfck jyD;ajrmufapzdYk &m tpOfvu kd f
vkyfaqmif&wJh oD;jcm;tqihfuav;
awG yg0ifEdkifw,f/ xdkwpfqihfcsif;udk
ZmwfaMumif; jyefajymjywJhtaeeJY flow
of activities vdkY ac:Muw,f/ Use
case wpfcktwGif; twGif;ydkif;tqifh
internal steps 'grSr[kwf activities
awG azmfjyw,f/ "Create new Order"
use case twGuf t"dutqihfawGu
"Record customer information",
"Record order", "Process order
transaction" eJY "Produce confirma-
tions" awG ygEdkifw,f/ xdkwpfqihfcsif;
pDudk xyfrHí owfrSwfazmfjyEdkifao;
w,f/ Flow of activities qdkwm use
case wpfcktwGif;u steps tqihfawG
&JU taxGaxG azmfjycsufygyJ/ udpö
trsm;pkrSm xdkazmfjycsufudk ydkíyif
tao;pdwf xyfusatmif csJUxGifzdkY vdk
w,f/ rMumcPqdo k vdk use case wpf
ckrSm a&G;p&m tpDtpOf enf;aygif;
rsm;pGmeJY twGif;ydkif; vkyfaqmifzG,f in-
ternal activities awG yg0ifEdkifw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh system eJY wHkYjyef quf
oG,faewm[m customer vm;? clerk
vm; qdkwmtay: rlwnfjyD; "Create
new order" use case rSm vkyf&rnfh
tasks tpDtpOf twdtusu uGJjym;
oGm;Edkifw,f/ wlnDaom use case rSm
rwlwJh sequence &Sdaer,f/ xdkrwl
aom sequence awGudk Zmwfvrf;pOf
scenarios vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
scenarios qd k w m use case wpf c k
twGi;f oD;oefYvrf;aMumif;cGJ wpfcjk zpf
aom internal activities rsm; tpkudk
owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/
Use case wpfcktwGif; oD;jcm; udk,f
ydkifvrf;aMumif;wpfckudk udk,fpm;jyK
w,f/ RMO OyrmrSm 'Create new
order' use case twGuf tenf;qHk;
Zmwfvrf;pOf scenarios ESpfck&Sdw,f/
Scenario wpfckudk ]]azmufonfu
w,fvDzkef;jzifh trSmjyKvkyfonf}} jzpf
EdkifjyD; tjcm;wpfckudk ]]azmufonfu
0ufbftrSmjyKvkyfonf}}[k ac:Edkif
w,f/ atmufrSm Zmwfvrf;pOf ESpfck&JU
tao;pdwfudk jyxm;w,f/
azmufonfrS w,fvzD ek ;f trSm
jyKvyk jf cif;twGuf flow of activities
Main Flow
azmufonfu RMO odkY zkef;ac:
um trSmpma&;ESifh pum;ajymonf/

trSmpma&;onfh azmufonf\ owif;
tcsufrsm; rSef rrSef ppfaq;onf/
tu,fí yxrqHk;tMudrf azmufonf
jzpf v Qif customer record topf
zefwD;onf/ azmufonfu atmf'g
trSmtwGuf yxrqHk; item trnf
awmif ; cH o nf / þonf u order
topfzefw;D zdYk &m cvkwjf zKwfay;onf/
pma&;onf xdk items u stock vuf
usef&Sdao;vm; ppfaq;jyD; trSm ta&
twGuf awmif;cHonf/ azmufonfu
items wpfcp kq
D ufí awmif;cHjyD; pma&;
u ppfaq;um order wGif aygif;xnfh
onf/ aemufqHk;wGif azmufonfu
ay;acs&rnfh tcsufrsm; payment in-
formation udk awmif;onf/ pma&;u
ppfaq;onf/ Order udt k oih[ f k trSwf
tom;jyKjyD; scenario jyD;qHk;onf/
Exception Conditions
Item u vufusef stock wGif
r&SdvQif azmufonfonf ¤if;udk rrSm
awmh&ef a&G;Edkifonf/ azmufonf\
Credit u ,HkMunfzG,f raumif;vQif
checkvufcHr&rcsif; order qdkif;iHh
xm;&onf/
azmufonfrS 0ufbftrSmjyKvkyfjcif;
twGuf flow of activities
Main Flow
azmufonfu RMO &JU home-
page odYk qufo, G o
f nf/ Order page
\ Link odkY ESdyfum oGm;onf/ azmuf
onftopftaeeJY jzpf&if customer
page topfoYkdomG ;jyD; vdt
k yfwhJ owif;
tcsufawG jznfhoGif;onf/ vQKdU0Suf
password vnf;ygonf/ aemuf sys-
tem u catalog pmrsuE f mS odYk links jzifh
ydkYay;onf/ azmufonf[m catalog
udk category eJY item tvdkuf &Smonf/
rSmp&mawGUwJhtcg "Add to shopping
cart" button udk ESdyfjyD; item udk cart
odkY aygif;xnfhonf/ tm;vHk; aygif;
xnfhjyD;wJhtcg rSmxm;wJh items awG
jyefvnf ½Ijrif oHk;oyfzdkY display jyefjy
ay;onf/ azmufonfu b,f item
rqdk ajymif;Edik af o;onf/ 'Daemuf sys-
tem u aiGay;acszdkY&m form jyonf/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
azmufonfu aiGay;acsrI informa-
tion a&;oGif;onf/ trSmudk vufcHjyD;
wJhaemuf tusOf;csKyf 0ufbfpmrsufESm
jyonf/ tusOf;csKyf tD;ar;vfudkvnf;
azmufonfxH ydkYonf/ System [m
oufqikd &f m items trsK;d tpm; vdik ;f t&
vnf; order udk aqmufonf/
Exception condition
wpfcg rSmzl;jyD; azmufonfjzpfí
password arhaecJhvQif billing infor-
mation topfeJY customer account
topf zefwD;&rnf/ Credit card u
tusHK;0if rSefuefrI Validation udk
rausmfvTm;EdkifvQif check udk vufcH
r&rcsif; order udk qdkif;iHhxm;&rnf/
azmufonf[m 24 em&DtwGif; order
qD jyefoGm;jyD; jyifcsif&m jyifEdkifonf/
Use Case Diagram
Use case diagram qdkwm ac-
tors eJY use cases awG taMumif;
owif;tcsufawG tusOf;½Hk; azmfjy
aom yHkjy model jzpfw,f/ Use case
analysis jyKvkyfzdkY&m system udk wpfck
vHk;taejzifh Munfh&jyD; pepfudk t"du
toHk;jyKrIrsm;tm;vHk; owfrSwf azmf
xkwfzdkY&m MudK;pm;&w,f/ xdktjyKtrl
awG[m yHkrSeftm;jzifh event table
twGif; owfrSwfcJhaom business
events awGrS qif; ouf vm w,f/
Use case yHkjyum;csyfudk tjcm; wpf
enf; vSnfhawG;Ekdifwmu pepfwpfckvHk;
&JU vkyfaqmifrI functional azmfjycsuf
jzpfygw,f/ System topfu axmuf
yHah y;&r,fh vkyif ef;aqmifwm function
udk owfrSwf azmfxkwfay;ygw,f/
aemufvrSm Use case diagram
taMumif; tao;pdwf qufí wifjy
ay;oGm;ygr,f/
Modula-2
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 123
 Preview
RA3 xGufzdkY eD;uyfvmcsdef xkwf
vkyfolGreg Kasavin eJY awGYqHkum
Gamespot u rocket launchers eJY
sonic disruptors tMum; jcm;em;rI
aqG;aEG;jzpfcw
hJ ,f/ jyD;awmh Jenny Mc
Carthy eJY o½kyfaqmifrIeJY tem*wf&JU
okwfoif owfjzwfa&; assassins
taMumif;rsm; yg0ifw,f/
RTS *dr;f awG[m wrif oufouf
aES;atmifvkyfxm;wJh *E¦0if turn-
brsed strategy *drf;awGudk ydkjrefjyD; ydkí
csufcsif;vufiif; ta&;ay:jzpfwJh awGY
MuHKcHpm;rIjzpfatmif MudK;yrf;jcif;rS
pwifcJhw,f/ &if;jrpfawG &dwfodrf; pk
aqmif; vnfywf vkyaf qmifzYkd &m tajc
124 uGefysLwm*sme,f
pdu
k f pcef;awG tprSaejyD; wnfaqmuf tajcpkduftjyif a&aMumif; ppfrsufESm
&efoal wGacsrIe;f zdYk &m army udk wwfEidk f jyifyg xnfhoGif;xm;wJhtwGuf upm;
orQ jrefjrefvrdS xhf w k &f w,f/ ESprf sm;pGm ol[m todÓPf&Sd&Sd uif;axmufaezdkY
MumvmwJt h cg ydí k yifjrefvmjyD; action vdkjyD; a&xJqif;zdkY qHk;jzwfxm;ol jydKif
tjynfh jzpfvmw,f/ tMuD;qH;k eJY tpGr;f bufudkoGm;í rwkdufEkdifjcif; risk rSm
txufqHk; armies rsm;jzifh upm; a&Smif&mS ;zdYk &mvdak ew,f/ RA pD;&D;xH;k pH
olrsm;tMum; oGuv f ufaom ,SOjf ydKifrI yHkpHus xHk;wrf;r[kwfaom ,lepfawG
tjrJjzpfcw
hJ hJ oufawmf&n S f Command (avxD;eJYckefqif;wJh0uf0HwkdY? oabFm
& Conquer pD;&D;&JU xnfh0ifrI aus;Zl; qGEJ pS w
f hJ uif;rGew f Ykdukd pOf;pm;Munfah v)
awG trsm;MuD; yg&Scd w hJ ,f/ C & C vkid ;f pGr;f tm;MuD;vufeufeYJ &,farm aysmf&iT f
&JU aemufvmr,fh*drf;Red Alert 3 rSm p&m [morsm;vnf; qufvufyg&Sv d m
action-packed game play tpOf w,f/
tvm qufí o,faqmifvmqJrSm
twefi,f enf;y&d,m,fygaom me- Soviets bufvnf; jrifc&hJ jy/D Japanese
thodical pace yg&Sv d mvdrrhf ,f/ ajrjyif bufvnf; jrifc&hJ jy/D tck Allied faction
u Red Alert 3 odkY bmawG aqmif,l
ay;vmrvJ ajymjyygvm;/ ckjrif&wJh owd?å
rsK;d csppf w
d ef YJ yDjyifoyf&yfwhJ Munfah umif;rI
awG tjyifayg/h
Allies bufu RA3 urÇmudk pdwf
oabmxm; &ifhusuf rQwrI ay;xm;
w,f/ olwdkYu Soviet war machine
eJY Empire of the Rising Sun rS 0g;rsKd
oGm;rIukd a&Smif&mS ;zdYk &m MudK;pm;wJh urÇm
vH;k qkid &f mtiftm;pkukd uk, d pf m;jyKw,f/
Freedom twGuf wku d cf ukd zf Ykd&m pkpnf;
rdaom ppfrSefwJh global faction jzpf
w,f/ 'gayr,fh yHkpHusuvDa&S;jzpfae
wJh "good guy" faction rjzpfatmif
awmh a&SmifMuOfxm;w,f/
tjynfjynfqkdif&m nGefYaygif;tzGJY
Mo*kw?f 2008 124

jzpfwmeJYtnD tawmfav; ½IyfaxG;
tqifhjrifhwJh enf;ynmjzifh qif,if
jc,foxm;w,f/ Faction oHk;ckxJrSm
ukdifwG,f xdef;ausmif;&wm ynmom;
ygjyD; open-ended combat tactics
awG yg0ifw,f/ pGrf;tm;jyif; wpfrl
xl;wJh powers eJY txl; pGrf;aqmif&nf
awGygw,f/ Defensive approach
MudKufwJholawG jydKifbufxuf ydkí om
vGefaom ,lepfrsm; udkifwG,fvdkolawG
u Allies udk MudKufMuvdrfhr,f/ MuD;
rm;wJh uke;f a&ESpaf xGom; wdu
k o
f abFm
MuD ; awG ? tmumoywf v rf ; xJ u
satellite defense networks 'grS
r[kwf tajymaumif; smooth-talking
pykdifu &efoludk vmbfxdk;jyD; 0wfpHk
ajymif;0wfwmrsKd;awG yg&Sdw,f/
Soviets bufu tcsdefc&D;oGm; assa
sins udk twdwfodkYvTwfjyD; Einstein udk
z,f&Sm;ypfcJhw,fqdkawmh Allies tay:
b,fvkd oufa&mufapcJo h vJ/ yxr RA
*dr;f ESpcf rk mS tao;pdwyf akH zmfcw
hJ hJ Soviets
tay: atmifyGJtm; tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapcJhjcif;
tjyifayg/h
t&omysufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY trsm;
MuD;awmh xkwfrajymcsifbl;/ ouf
a&mufru I Allies udk cHppfbuf a&muf
oGm;apw,f/ topfjzpfjyD; rwljcm;em;
aom Allied Technologies tjzpf ¤if;
&J U tusKd ; quf xif & S m ;ay:xG u f c J h
w,f/
xl;qef;wmu tcsdefc&D;oGm;[m
Allies awG & J U taumif ; qH k ; vuf
eufawG zsuq f ;D ypfEidk cf w
hJ mawmh r[kwf
bl;/ RA y&dowfrsm;tMudKuf Attack
Dogs eJY Aircraft Carriers awG qufí
yg&Sdvmr,f/ Athena Cannons eJY
Preview
Century Bombers vdk pGrf;tm;MuD;
,lepftopfawGvnf; awGY&r,f/
C & C *drf;awG&JU mission rsm;tMum;
Mum;jzwf½kyf&Sif cut scenes rsm;pGmrSm
a[mvd0k'ftqifh&Sd o½kyfaqmifrI orkdif;
aMumif;MuD; &SdcJhw,f/ t&if Jenny Mc
Carthy u uGerf ef'kd Tanya tjzpf jyefygO;D
rSmvm;/ ajymjyprf;yg/ [kww
f ,fvyYkd J Mum;
csiw
f ,fAsm/
[kwfygw,fwJhAsm/ Jenny Mc
Carthy u RA3 eJY tone eJY style t&
tHus0ifaew,f/
Einstein u Allies awG twGuf wDxiG rf I
awG ray;urf;Ekid af wmhwt hJ cg Allies awG
pdwMf uKd uo
f ;kH zdYk units topfeYJ ,mOfawGu
bmawG jzpfvmrvJ/
Allies awG[m Einstein rygay
r,fhvnf; xl;uJaom units topf
rsm;pGm yg&Sdygw,f/ Assault Destro-
yers awGu {&mr ppfoabFmMuD;awG
jzpfjyD; ukef;ay:armif;wufum &efol
awGukd ypfEidk w
f ,f/ Black-hole armor
tumtuG,zf iG jhf yD; ypforQ pky,f 0l g;rsKd
Ekdifw,f/ tumtuG,f tm;enf;wJh
Hdyrofoils av;awGudk umuG,fay;
xm;Ekdifw,f/ 'DaumifawGu vsif
jref j yD ; zsuf t m;MuD ; antiaircraft
vufeufeJY &efolawG rypfEkdifatmif
vkyfwJh weaponjammer device yg
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 125
 Preview
w,f / Allies awG r S m *d r f ; twG i f ;
taumif;qHk; aircraft awGvnf; yg
w,f/ Vindicator u twdtus AH;k MuJ
EkdifwJh precision bombers prf;oyf
Cryocopter u tm;taysmq h ;kH aom ypf
cwfrI hit eJYwif uGaJ MuoGm;atmif &efol
awGukd freeze vkyEf idk af pw,f/ olwYkd[m
&efolawGudk &,fp&maumif;avmuf
atmif ao;i,foGm;apjyD; tvG,f eif;
MudwfEkdifavmufatmif usKHUoGm;apEkdif
wJh txl;pGrf;&nfvnf; &Sdw,f/ usKHU
oGm;wJh &efolawGu toHpl;pl;xGufvm
wm &,fp&myJ/ Apocalypse Tank
usKHUoGm;r,fhtoH rSef;qMunfhyg/
Dawn of War II eJY Company of
Heroes vdk RTS *dr;f awGu oif,h el pf awG
vIyf&Sm;upm; atmifEkdifav upgrades
jr§ifhay;av jyKvkyfay;wJh roleplaying
elements tajccHawG xnfhoGif;ay;vm
w,f/ xdkenf;twkdif; upm;olawGu
olwdkY&JU squads eJY units awGtay: pdwf
cHpm;rIeJY wG,jf iv
d mapzd&Yk m cifAsm;b,fvkd
pDrHxm;ovJ/
Solo campaign rSm pdwf0ifpm;
126 uGefysLwm*sme,f
p&m wGJzuf co-Commander Zmwf
aumif trsKd;rsKd;eJY vIyf&Sm;&w,f/
Story ZmwfaMumif; tjzpftysufawG
awGYMuHK&r,f/ upm;olawGu 'DieJawG
udk tawmfav; wG,fjidvmr,fvdkY xif
w,f/ upm;wJh campaign tay: rl
wnfjyD; olwdkYeJY wefjyefwkdufckduf&wm
'grSr[kwf twl vufwGJ&wmawGu
pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;vdrfhr,f/ ydk
aumif;wmu 'DwGJzuf Commander
ZmwfaumifawGu skinmish txd csJU
xGifa&muf&Sdvmr,f/ 'Dawmh uGefysL
wmeJY jydKifupm;&wJt
h cg vly*k Kd¾ vf per-
sonal toGif wu,f&Sdovdk cHpm;&
atmif vkyfay;w,f/
'DhtvGefrSmvnf; yifr core fac-
tion units awGrmS olwYkd wpfcc
k sif; uk,
d f
Edu
I u
f pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f meJY trSw&f pGjJ id
zG,f&mjzpfzdkY trsm;MuD; tm;pkdufxkwf
xm;w,f/ (unit profiles awG yHkrSm
wifjyay;xm;ygw,f/) RA3 twGif;
,lepfwpfckpDrSm ukd,fykdifpum;ajymeJY
udk,fykdiftoH? [efyefp½dkufawG yg&SdMu
w,f/ trSwf& pGJjidjyD; upm;&wm aysmf
p&m aumif;apr,f/
'ghtjyif acsrIef; atmifEkdifrI vHk
avmufpGm&wJhtcg olwdkY&JU touf
bm; health bar ab; Mu,fao;ao;
av; ay:vmr,f/ Damage 'Pf ydk
cHEkdifvmjyD; toufudk wjznf;jznf;
jyefwufapr,f/ umvMumvmwJhtcg
oifhtaeeJY oHa,mZOfjzpfvmjyD; qHk;½HI;
&rIudkvnf; pdk;&GHUvmygvdrfhr,f/
RA3 rSm a&aMumif; wkdufyGJtay: ydkjyD;
tm½HkjyKxm;w,fvdkY Mum;w,f/ Aqua-
tic tanks eJY hybrid jets/submarines
vdk wpfrlxl;jcm;wJh amphibious units
awGtaMumif; ajymjyygvm;/ Rocket-
launcher wyfxm;wJh vif;ydkifawG
taMumif;vnf; arhrxm;yg eJOY ;D /
cifAsm; tawmfMuD;udk wvGw J acsmf
rSwfxm;rdjyD ukd,fhvl/ RA3 xJu vif;
ykdifawGrSm sonic disruptors (toH
wkdufckdufa&;)yJ ygw,f/ Rocket
launcher r[kwfbl;As/
RA3 xJu trkdufqHk; ,lepftcsKdU
u naval units awGjzpfw,f/ *drf;
twGif; tMuD;qHk;eJY pGrf;tm;tjyif;qHk;
wkdufckdufa&;tiftm;pkjzpfaewJhtwGuf

yg/ Soviet Dread-nought rS {&mr
rocket launchers oHk;ckygw,f/ Ri-
sing Sun &JU Shogun Battleship rS
yifr tajrmufajcmufckypftm; t&rf;
aumif;w,f/ ypfvkdufwkdif; oabFmu
a&SUwdk;aemufiif jzpfw,f/ olwdkYu
*drf;twGif; ta&miftaoG;pHkaom Zmwf
aumifawGvnf; jzpfw,f/ Navy buf
tom;ay;wJh RTS *drf;awGu enf;
vGef;w,f/ jyD;awmh naval units rS
wu,fhvlom; toHxnfhay;xm ydk
awmif enf;OD;r,f/ Soviet Akula
Sub udkMunfh/ olUtoHu a&atmuf
rSm tMumMuD;aecJh&wmudk pwifí
rausrcsrf;jzpfovdk yHkpHaygufaewm
rsKd;aygh/
aemufqHk;ajymcsifwmu RA3 udk
pdw0f ifpm;p&m taumif;qH;k vkyaf y;wJh
rsufESmpm[m coorperative play ywf
vnfrIwnfjzpfyGm;wJh mission design
ygyJ / &rf ; a&mf rS e f ; qrI a wG t pm;
vufawGYazmfaqmifMunfhjyD; tusKd;
&v'fMunfhzdkY&m tcGifhtvrf;rsm;pGm
yGifhusvmcJhw,f/
pD;&D;&JU campaigns awGu ydkí
ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;vmjyD; pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m
jzpfvmw,f/ RTS *drf;rSm urÇmudk
u,fzdkY MudK;pm;&if; MuHKawGY&avh&SdwJh
xbDrEkdif y0grEkdiftjzpfrsKd; avsmhap
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&Sad er,f/ RTS *drf;udk online upm;wJh
tcg ESpfa,mufwpfzGJY two-on-two
matches u one-on-one battles
xuf ydkaumif;wm cHpm;cJhzl;r,f/ Ally
wpfa,mufeJY upm;&wm[m trSm;
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topf wpfyHkwpfacgif;MuD; zGifhcsay;
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solo rSm oifu uGJjym;aom co-Com-
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tay:rlwnfjyD; tcsKdUu oifhrdwfaqG
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olru Tanya r[kwb f ;l / Tanya &JU
ûydifbuf soviets bufu Natasha
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wdkY rsm;pGmrSm upm;ol&JU tm½HkpkdufrIudk
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r,f/ tiftm;pkudk cGJjzefY&if jzefY&r,f/
twl vufwGJí vkyfcsif vkyf&r,f/
tcsKdU objectives awGrSm upm;ol wpf
OD;csif;&EkdifwJh resources trsKd;tpm;
uefYowfxm;w,f/ tykdif; trsm;pkrSm
awmh co-op awGYMuHKcHpm;rIu open-
ended jzpfjyD; nGwfaysmif;w,f/ upm;
ol&JU wDxGif zefwD;ÓPf creativity
&Sd&if &Sdoavmuf reward ay;jyD; jyef
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Persia udk opfvGifvwfqwfaom pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m pGefYpm;cef; *drf;odkY
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xm;ayr,fh upm;olrsm; &if;ESD; tom;
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tajymif;tvJu pdwfMudKuf vSnhfvnf
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tiftm;pktMum; y#dyu©Zmwfvrf; jzpf
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aom prince u olY freeroaming vSnfh
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vduk vf may;ygOD;r,f/ Puzzle-solving
vrf;aMumif;&Sm oGm;vmjcif;eJY wkdufyGJ
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adventure awmh r[kwfao;yg/ 'DpD;&D;
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acrobatic a&TUuGuaf wG&UJ tusK;d tjrwf
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twkdif;twmtxd linear tpOfvdkuf
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duels yHkpHjzpfr,f/ wpfOD;csif;pD[m
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tonf;toeftm;xkwrf eI YJ yg;eyf csuf
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veloper tzGJUu illustrated style vkdY
ac:w,f / 'pö a e;&J U cel-shaded
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istic udk unrealistics eJY yHkazmfay;ovdk
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dk m? 2008 131
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Creating a Good Picture in Picture

,ckoifcef;pmwGif Frame wpfckudk Title window xJwGif
pdwfwkdif;uszefwD;jyD; video file twGif;xnfhum yHkwpfck
ay:wGif yHw
k pfcx
k yfí vkyaf qmifEidk af om Effect yHpk u
H kd jyKvkyf
oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/
1/ 1. Adobe premiere pro 2.0 xJoYkd0ifí project topf
wpfck ,lxm;ay;yg/ File > New > Title <F9> udk
a&G;yg/ Title dialog box usvmygu "Frame title"
emrnf½dkufxnfhay;yg/ Rectangle tool udka&G;í
screen tjynfhqGJay;yg/ atmufygwefzdk;udk Title
properties panel wGif ½dkufxnfhay;yg/
#BOA272) Inner Stroke rS Fill ae&mwGif Bevel udk
a&G;jcif;tm;jzifh oH;k zufjriftem;vkid ;f yHpk H &&Sv
d mygrnf/
tvif;tarSmif ta&mifrsm; twdtus&&eftwGuf
HSB (H : Hue, S: Saturation, B: Brightness) Color
udk toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfygw,f/
3/ Stroke wefzdk;rsm;xJrS lit pmom; check box udk
trSefjcpf jzKwfay;yg/ tem;vkdif;tpGef;rsm;wGif ydkrdk
vif;vmonfudk awGY&ygrnf/

Width = 648, Height = 480

Position : 324 X , 240 Y
Opacity : 100 % , Rotation : 0. 0

2/ 2. Title styles panel xJwGif Fill pmom;a&SU&Sd Check 4/ Frame tem;vkdif;rsm; azmif;<uyHkpHjzpfcsifygu Tube
Box wGif trSefjcpf jzKwfay;yg/ Stroke a&SU&Sd jrm;wGif wGif trSefjcpfudk xnfhay;yg/
ESdyfí inner stroke xnfh&ef Add button wGif click
ESdyfyg/ Inner stroke wefzdk;rsm;udk azmfjyygtwkdif;
½dkufxnfhay;yg/
Type : Edge , Size : 40 , Fill Type : Bevel , High-
light Color : 47, 35,100 (HSB, Golden Color # FFE
CA6)
5/ Title > Templates <Ctrl +J > udka&G;yg/ Title tem-
Highlight Opacity :100
plate dialog box usvmygvdrfhrnf/ Arrow button
Shadow Color : 47, 35, 69 (HSB, Brown Color menu wGif click ESdyfí save frametitle as Template

132 uGefysLwm*sme,f

udk a&G;yg/ Template emrnfwpfckowfrSwfí OK
wGif click ESdyf/ User Templates folder atmufwGif
Title Template wpfck&&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ txufyg
vkyfaqmifcsufjzifh custom Template rsm;udk zefwD;
Ekdifygonf/ Close button wGifESdyfí Template xJrS
xGufay;yg/
6/ Close button wGif xyfESdyfí Title panel xJrS
xGufxm;ay;yg/ File > Import jzifh toHk;jyKvdkaom
video file wpfckudk project panel xJodkY ac:xnfh
ay;yg/ Video file udk video 1 Track wGix f m;í Frame
Title udk video 2 track xJoYkd qGx
J nfah y;yg/File >Save
jzifh odrf;ay;yg/ Play button ESdyfí preview Munfhay;
yg/
10/ Effect > video Effects > Perspective > Drop
7/ File > New > Sequence udka&G;í Sequence topf
,lay;yg/ Sequence 02 taejzifh &&Sdvmygrnf/ File
> Import jzifh toHk;jyKvdkaom video file wpfckudk
ac:xnfhay;yg/
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
8/ ac:xnfhxm;aom video file ukd video 2 track xJodkY
qGJxnfhay;yg/ Project panel xJrS Sequence 01 udk
video 1 track xJodkY qGJxnfhyg/
9/ Video 2 track rS Sequence 01 file udk click ESdyfí
select vkyfay;yg/ Effect Controls panel xJrS Mo-
tion udka&G;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 40 % ½dkufxnfhay;yg/
Position udk 530 ESifh 123 ½dkufxnfhay;yg/ tay:
nmbufaxmifhwGif &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/
shadow effect udk video 2 track &Sd sequence 01
ay:odkY qGJxnfhay;yg/ azmfjyygtwkdif; wefzdk;rsm;udk
effect controls panel rS Drop Shadow wGif ½du
k x
f nfh
ay;yg/ Preview Munfhay;yg/ Color : Default Dis-
tance : 46 Black Opacity: 45 Softness : 40 Direc-
tion : 135
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kd m? 2008 133
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
11/ vIyf&Sm;rIwpfckudk qufvufjyKvkyfyg/ Video 2 track
rS Sequence 01 file udk select vkyfay;yg/ Home
key ESdyfí Edit line udk a&SUodkY a&TUxm;ay;yg/ Effect
Controls rS Scale ae&mrS Toggle animation but-
ton wGifESdyfí keyframe xnfhay;yg/

14/ DVD format taejzifh Export jyKvyk Mf unfyh gr,f/ File

12/ Timeline xJrS Duration ae&mwGif 300 ½dkufxnfhí
Edit line udk 3 second ae&modkY a&TUay;yg/ Scale
wef z d k ; ud k 25 % ½d k u f a y;yg/ Keyframe auto
xnfhoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ End key ESdyfí Edit line udk
aemufqHk;odkY a&TUay;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 0 ½dkufay;yg/
MuD;&mrS wjznf;jznf; ao;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
> Export > Export to DVD udk a&G;yg/ Burn DVD
dialog box wGif setting 3 rsKd;&Sy
d gr,f/ DVD acGtjzpf
xkwfvkdygu Burn to ae&mwGif Disc udka&G;í pufxJ
wGif odrf;xm;vkdygu Folder udk a&G;csjyD; Image
taejzifh odrf;xm;vkdygu ISO Image udk a&G;ay;&yg
r,f/ pufxJwGif DVD format (VOB) taejzifh Ex-
port vkyfMunfhygr,f/ Burn to ae&mwGif Folder
udka&G;yg/ Folder Name udk emrnfwpfck owfrSwfí
odrf;rnfhae&mtwGuf Browse button wGifESdyfjyD;
vrf;aMumif;wpfck owfrSwfay;yg/ Burn button wGif
click ESdyfí Export xkwfay;yg/ Export xkwfjyD;ygu
owfrSwfxm;aom folder atmufwGif VOB format
jzpf DVD file udk jrifawGY&ygr,f/

13/ Edit line udk 3 second ae&modkY jyefa&TUay;yg/ Rota-

tion a&SU&Sd Toggle animation button wGif click ESdyfí
keyframe xnfhay;yg/ End key ESdyfí Edit line udk
aemufqHk;odkY a&TUay;yg/ Rotation wefzdk;udk 180º
½dkufxnfhay;yg/ Preview Munfhí odrf;ay;yg/ rsK;d rif;xGe;f

134 uGefysLwm*sme,f

pdwt
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hf wl Spaced Indents rsm;udk
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rdwfaqGwpfOD;u paragraph wpfckpD\ tpwkdif;wGif
space av;ck csxm;vkyfudkifavh &Sdonf/ vufESdyfpuf ½kduf
vmcJah om tavhtusiw hf pfc[ k k xifjrif ,lq&onf/ rnfoYdk
yif jzpfap tqkdyg space rsm;ae&mwGif first-line indent
wpfcjk zihf tpm;xk;d xm;&Sv
d ydk gonf/ odYk&mwGif rnfoYkdvyk u
f ikd f
,l&rnfukd tajz&Smr&cJhay/
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Double replace tvkyfwpfckjzifh tvm;oP²mefwlae
onf/ ^P tpm;xk;d jcif;ESihf space av;cktwGuf ^P tpm;xk;d
jcif;wdkYtjyif uGJjym;jcm;em;apaom distinctive string wpfck
wkYd yg&Sad eonf/ Oyrm ^P firstlineindent uJo h Ykd jzpfaeonf/
¤if;aemuf firstlineindent (odkYr[kwf rnfonfhtcgwGifjzpf
ap) Avmewd¬jzifh tpm;xkd;ay;onf/ odkYaomf paragraph
formatting vkyf&ef vkdtyfonf/ "Replace with box" \
contents rsm;udk z,fxkwf,ljyD; format drop-down list rS
Paragraph udk a&G;ay;um indentation level udk cs,l&
onf/ jyD;vQif OK udk click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/ xkdYaemuf
Replace All udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&rnf/ wjcm; enf;vrf;tae
jzifh whitespace udk z,fxkwfxm;&SdjyD; (^P udk tpm;xkd;jcif;
ESifh spaces av;cktwGuf ^P tpm;xkd;jcif;) firstline in-
dent udk toHk;jyK&ef style wpffckudk toHk;jyKjyD; paragraphs
tm;vHk;udk vkyfay;Edkifonf/ aemufydkif;wGif styles ESifh ywf
oufí tao;pdwf wifjycsufrsm; awGUjrifvm&ygvdrfhrnf/
Word Annoyance
Formatting ESifh Codes rsm; zGifhcsjcif;
Annoyance
tpOfwpduk f wordperfect toH;k jyKvmcJoh nfoh jl zpfaom
aMumifh word rSm rnfoYkd formatting vky&f rnfukd tcuftcJ
jzpfae&onf/ Reveal Codes Option bmaMumifh rygoenf;
qkdonfhtcsufudk odvkdygonf/
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oDtkd&Dt&rl Reveal Codes options udk word twGif;
oH;k &ef rvdt
k yfay/ Formatting udk ppfaq;jcif;twGuf tjcm;
enf;vrf;rsm; &Sdaeygonf/
Ä Font formattting udk ppfaq;&eftvdkYiSm Format u
wpfqifh Font okdY oGm;í Font dialog box twGif;rS
settings udk ppfaq;,l&onf/ (odkYr[kwf formatting
toolbar ay:rS controls rsm;\ status wGifvnf; Munhf
Ekdifonf/)
Ä Paragraph formatting udk ppfaq;&eftvdkYiSm Format
u wpfqifh Paragraph okdY oGm;í Paragraph dialog
box twGif;rS settings udk ppfaq;,l&onf/ (Align-
ment uJhokdYaom settings twGuf Formatting toolbar
ay:wGiv f nf; buttons rsm;udk ppfaq; Munhf½IEdkifygao;
onff/)
Ä Tab Formatting udk ppfaq;&eftvdYk imS ruler udk Munh&f
rnf/ odkYr[kwfu Format uwpfqifh Tabs odkYoGm;í
Tabs dialog box twGif;rS setting udk ppfaq;,l&
onf/
Ä Style udk ppfaq;&eftvdkYiSm document window av;
\ b,fbuf&Sd style area display udk Munhf&onf/
atmufwkdbm? 2008 135
uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
(Tools rS Options odkY oGm;í View tab udkESdyfum oifh
avsmfaom width wpfckudk csdefay;&onf/ qkdMuygpkdY/
''Style area width'' box xJrS 1 udk a&G;ay;Ekdifonf/
Style area onf Normal view twGi;f om &Edi k yf gonf/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
rdrdtaejzifh style area display ESihftwl vkyfudkifcJhygu
style udk tvkt d avsmuf a&G;cs,fay;xm;whJ style dialog
box yGifhvmap&ef style area twGif;rS style trnfwpfck
udk double-click vkyfjcif;jzifh &Edkifonf/
Ä Language udk ppfaq;&eftvkdYiSm Tools rS Language
odkY oGm;um Set Language udk ac:,l&onf/ Lan-
guage dialog box twG i f ; &S d settings rsm;ud k
Munhf½Ippfaq;&onf/
Ä Page Setup udk ppfaq;&eftvdYk imS File rSwpfqifh Page
Setup odkY oGm;um Page Setup dialog box twGif;&Sd
Settings rsm;udk Munhf½Ippfaq;,l&onf/
wpffenf;qkd&aomf Settings rsm;udk ae&mwkdif;rSmvdkvkd
&Sad eonf/ Formatting information \ tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;udk
twdtus avhvmEdik af &;twGuf rnfoYkdziG ,hf &l rnfukd odxm;
&ef vdktyfonf/
Word 2000 twGuf rausreyfajymqkdcsufrsm; 10 ESpf
avmuf jyefvnfajzMum;ay;ae&onfh tawGUtMuHKrsm;t&
formatting information &&Sda&;twGuf tjcm; option udk
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\ precursor jzpfonf/
136 uGefysLwm*sme,f
rdwfqufay;xm;cJh&onf/ What's This? qdkonf feature
jzpfonf/ Help udk a&G;cs,fjyD; What's This ukv
d nf; &,lEikd f
onf/ okdYr[kwf Shift + F1 udk yl;ESdyf&rnf/ ar;cGef;trSwf
tom;wpfckESifh arrow wpfckudk mouse pointer u jyay;
onf/ Figure 4-4 wGif jrifawGU&onfhtwkdif; ¤if;\ for-
matting tao;pdwf azmfjyay;ap&ef paragraph wpfckudk
click vky,
f &l onf/ tvk&d o dS nft
h avsmuf aemufxyf para-
graph rsm;udkvnf; click vkyf&jyD; pointer udk restore
vkyf&ef Escape udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/ tqkdyg vkyfief;pOf
onf jyD;cJhonfh Option xuf ydkaumif;ygonf/
Figure 4-5
Word \ Reveal
Formatting pane onf
Word-Perfects \
Reveal Codes feature
twGuf tpm;xk;d Ekid jf cif;
r&Sad omfvnf; Word
taejzifrh l taumif;qH;k
tcGit hf a&; ay;ygonf/
Figure 4-5 wGif jrifawGU&ouJhodkY Reveal Format-
ting task pane rsm;ESifhtwl Word 2003 ESifh Word XP
wGif ydkrdk wkd;wuf aumif;rGefvmonf/ Format uwpfqifh
Reveal Formatting udk oGm;Ekdifonf/ tqkdyg task pane
rS font rsm;? paragraph rsm;ESifh section formatting rsm;udk
cGJwrf;cs aqmif&GufrItwGuf yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;onfhtjyif
tjcm; relevant formatting wpfckckudkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;
ygao;onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh table wpfcktwGif;u a&G;cs,frI
jzpfcJhvQif table formatting &Ekdifonf/ tao;pdwf ykdjyD;vkyf
udkif&eftwGuf relevant dialog box odkY a&muf&Sd&ef Links
wpfckudk click vkyf,lEdkifonf/
 tu,fí Reveal Formatting task pane wGif rnf
onfh formatting udk toHk;jyKEdkifrnfudk tao;pdwf vHkvHk
avmufavmufjyrvmcJyh gvQif Levit ESihf James wkYd\ Cross
Eyes udk prf;oHk;Mu&rnf/ (http:www.levitjames.com/
crosseyes/CrossEyes.html). Figure 4-6 wGif CrossEyes
u formatting tao;pdwftm;vHk;udk jyay;onf/ Docu-
ment \atmufajc&Sd pane wpfcw k iG f yHyh ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;onf/
mended option for" settings onf Options List twGi;f rS
oifhavsmfonfh boxes rsm;udk word vdk ppfaq;,laponf/
WordPerfect document tqkdyg settings rsm; ae&m
wusjzpfjyD;aemuf xyfrí H zGiMhf unh&f ygrnf/ jyóemt&if;cH
udk cGJjcm; odjrifvQif Option dialog box udk aemufwpfMudrf
jyefac:jyD; check trSwftom; odkYr[kwf uncheck trSwf
tom;udk jyKvkyaf y;&onf/ prf;oyf avhvmcsuw f pfck jzpfae
apygvdrfhr,f/ vkyf&vG,fulcJhygu okdYr[kwf rdrdajymif;xm;
aom WordPerfect document udk ydkjyD; udkifwG,fEdkifvQifyif
prf;oyfavhvm&usKd; eyfoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/

Figure 4-6
CrossEyes rS rnfonfh formatting jzpfonfukd twdtus
uGuwf jd zpf&jcif;onf document wpfc\
k rnfonfh tpdwf
tydik ;f udk toH;k jyKxm;onfukd azmfjyay;onf/

WordPerfect rS Conversion udk adjust vkyjf cif;

Figure 4-7
Annoyance
Word \ Compatibility options onf wjcm; format
rdr&d UJ WordPerfect document udk Word twGi;f zGi,
hf l wpfco
k Ykd document udk rSeu
f efpmG import vkyEf idk af &; twGuf
aomtcg aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif ½kyyf sufqif;ysuf tultnDay;Ekid o
f nf/ od&Yk mwGif taumif;qH;k &v'f wpfc&k &ef
jzpfoGm;cJhonf/ manual settings rsm;jzifh csed n
f §d xkw,
f El ikd &f ygrnf/
Fix
WordPerfect twGuf conversion abmiftwGif; ad- wpfae&modYk ykaYd qmifrnhf document wGif Fonts rsm;
just vkyf&ef vdktyfonf/ Tools rSwpfqifh Options okdYoGm; wG , f u yf a y;jcif ;
um Figure 4-7 wGif jrifawGU&onfhtwkdif; Compatibility Annoyance
tab udk click vkyf&onf/ jyD;vQif ''Recommended op- rdr\
d family newsletter udk formatting vkypf Of jynfph kH
tions for" udk drop-down list twGi;f rSqaD vsmfonfh Word- rI&adS p&eftwGuf tcsdeaf y;cJ&h onf/ odYk &mwGif vufc&H &So
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l
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Perfect 6.x for Windows" [k a&G;ay;&onf/ "Recom- rSm;aeawmhonf/ tpm;xk;d xm;onfh fonts rsm;ESihf a&maESmae

atmufwkdbm? 2008 137

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Formatting vkyif ef;pOfwiG f Word ESihf WordPerfect
rnfonfh twGuaf Mumifh jiif;qefrI &Sad e&oenf;/
Word ESihf WordPerfect rsm;xJrS version trsm;pkonf
formatting udp& ö yfrsm;tay:wGif oabmuGvJ rJG aI wG &Sad ecJyh g
onf/ taMumif;rSm formatting twGuf toH;k jyKonfh mark-
ing rsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aeMuvdkYyifjzpfonf/ WordPerfect
taejzifh document wpfckudk tprStqHk; characters rsm;udk
pOfqufrjywf pD;qif;ap&efom pOf;pm;ay;onf/ tqkdyg
pD;aMumif;twGif; oifhavsmfaom ae&mrsm;wGif formatting
codes rsm;udk wGu J yfay;cJoh nf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh WordPerfect
wpfct k wGi;f u Word wpfcu k kd bold jzifh &Sad eapcJv
h Qif blod-
on code wpfck? pum;vHk;\ pmvHk;rsm;ESifh bold-off code
wkYdtm;vH;k onf text stream wpfcw k nf;twGi;f rSm &Sad eaprnf
jzpfonf/
Formatting wGif Word taejzifh rwlnDonfhtjrifrsKd;
&Sdaeonf/ Word twGif; document wpfckpDonf section
vdkuf? paragraph tvdkufESifh character ,lepftvkduf wnf
aqmufxm;onf/ Word document wpfck\ text onf
plain text taejzifh ykí d aomfvnf;aumif;? avsmí h aomfvnf;
aumif; saved vkyx f m;jyD; jzpfonf/ Default section break
twGif;&Sd property table wpfckwGif file \ atmufydkif;
wpfae&mpDtwGuf formatting vkyf odr;f xm;onf/ (tu,f
í document wpfckonf Section rsm;jzifh cGJjcm;xm;cJhygu
Section wpfckpD\ property table onf Section \ tqHk;
owfwGif rSwfom;xm;aom section break twGif; odrf;
qnf;xm;wwfygonf/) Formatting \ ae&mcsxm;rIonf
text twGi;f oifah vsmo f nfah e&mrsm;wGif pointers udk toH;k jyK
í odrf;qnf;xm;onf/ rnfuJhodkYaom taMumif;aMumifh
jzpf&oenf;[lrl Word document wpfco k nf ysupf ;D ,d,k iG ;f
vmjyDqkdygu formatting onf odom xif&Sm;pGm a&GUvsm;
oGm;wwfouJhodkY tm;vHk; twlwuG aysmufuG,fívnf;
oGm;Ekdifygonf/
Property tables rsm;onf formatting txajrmufjcif;
twGuf ydkíxda&mufrI jyKay;Edkifaponf/ odkYaomf docu-
ment stream wGif ½dk;½dk;yHkpHjzifh rjrifEkdifay/ Code jzifh xnhf
xm;onfhyHkpHtaejzifhom awGU&rnf/ Word ESifh WordPer-
fect wdYk wiG f formattings enf;vrf;wpfcpk u D kd tjcm;enf;vrf;
odkY bmomjyefay;r,fhvkyfief; vkyfay;Edkifonfh convert-
ers rsm; yg&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif tifrwef ½IyfaxG;onfh for-
matting udpr ö sm;udkrl rukdifwG,fapay/
138 uGefysLwm*sme,f
onf/ tqdk;qHk;rSm Layout tajctaeyg ysufjym;jcif;jzpf
onf/
Fix
yxrqHk; rnfonfh trSm;t,Gif;aMumifhenf;[k &SmazG
rdaumif; &SmazGxm;rdygvdrrfh nf/ vufczH wf½o I \
l uGeyf sLwm
wGif rdrdtoHk;jyKxm;onfh font r&Sdojzifh tjcm; font rsm;
tpm;xkd; zGifhjyonfvm;[k tajz&SmMunhfwmrsKd;udk qkdvkdyg
onf/ tpm;xdk;onfhudpt ö wGuf rwlnDaom space twkdif;
twmrsm; &SdcJhyguvnf; Layout tajctaeajymif;vJoGm;
Ekdifygonf/ ESpfckpvHk;aMumifhvnf; ydkjyD; aomua&mufapEdkif
ygonf/
tqkyd gudptö wGuf ESpcf v
k yk Mf unhEf ikd yf gonf/ yxrwpfck
rSm rdrdtaejzifh vufcHolxHwGif rdrd fonts rsm; r&Sdavmuf[k
wGufqjyD; fonts rsm;yg toifhxnhfay;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
Oyrmtaejzifh Arial, Time News Roman ESifh Tahoma
uJhodkY fonts rsm;rSmrl vlwkdif;wGif &SdaewwfjyD; usef fonts
trsKd;tpm;rSm raorcsm &Sdaewwfonf/ 'kwd,wpfckrSm
embed vkyfay;onfhenf; jzpfonf/
1/ Tools udk a&G;í Option udk oGm;um Save tab udk
click vkyyf g/
2/ rdrd document wGiftoHk;jyKonfh TrueType fonts rsm;
tm;vHk;\ character set tjynfhtpHkudk embed vkyf&ef
' Embed TrueType fonts' ukd ppfaq;Munhfyg/
3/ Character sets tjynht f pHk embed vkyjf cif;tm;jzifh file
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
WordPerfect document wpfcu k kd Word version tjzpf
ajymif;,lxm;cJhvQif conversion options rsm;udk n§pf
xkwf,ljyD;aemuf vufcHavmufonfxuf avsmhenf;pGm
&SdaeqJjzpfjyD; WordPerfect odkY access vkyfqJ jzpfae
apum WordPerfect twGi;f document udk zGijhf yD; Rich
Text Format (RTF) jzpfaomfvnf;aumif;? HTML for-
mat jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; save vkyfxm;ay;onf/
Word onf tqkdyg formats rsm;udk ydkí wdwdusus
zwfEkdifpGrf;&Sdaumif; &Sdygvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf rdrdtaejzifh
WordPerfect \ advanced formats rsm;ESifh features
rsm;awmh RTF odkYr[kwf HTML twGif; qHk;½IH;oGm;Edkif
p&mtaMumif; &Sdonf/
 size u tqrwef MuD;oGm;Edkifygonf/ rdrd document
udk zwf½Ioltaejzifh wnf;jzwf,lrnfh vkyfief;&SdrSom
jyKvkyfoifhonf/ "Embed Characters in use only"
box wGif check trSwftom;vkyfjyD; omreftqifhjzifh
vkyfaqmifjcif;onf azmif;yGrI avsmhusoGm;aponf/ rdrd
taejzifh Word 2003 okdYr[kwf Word XP udk toHk;jyK
cJhvQif Do not embed common system fonts box
wGif trSwftom;vnf; jyqkdvkdygvdrhfrnf/ þenf;jzifh
rdrdrdwfaqGwGif tqkdyg fonts &&SdoGm;apEdkifonf/
4/ OK udk ESdyfyg/
5/ Document udk Save vkyjf yD; rdrt
d ;D ar;vfuwpfqifh rykYd rD
file t&G,ftpm;udk ppfaq;Munhf½Iyg/ tu,fíom
fonts wpfyHkwpfyif toHk;jyKxm;jyD; toHk;jyKorQudk em-
bedded vkyfay;vkdufrnfqkdygu MuD;rm; av;vHjyD;
tD;ar;vfwGif o,faqmif&ef tcuftcJ &SdoGm;Ekdifapyg
onf/
rdrd\ fonts tm;vHk;udk Word rS cif;usif;ay;jcif;
Annoyance
Fonts tajrmuftjrm; install vkyfxm;cJhonf/ odkY&m
wGif Word rS drop-down lists ESifh font dialog box rS 10
cpi, 12 cpi ESifh 17 cpi [lí t&G,ftpm;oHk;rsKd;twGif; De-
vice Font om cGifhjyKvmygonf/ rdrdtaejzifh cpi qko
d nfrmS
character per inch [k t"dyÜm,faygufygonf/ odkYaomf
þodkYjzpfrvmay/ rdrd fonts rsm;udk word jzifh rnfodkY quf
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Font drop-down list wGif fonts rsm; aysmufaecJv
h Qif
omreftm;jzifh tqkyd g udpo
ö nf Generic/Text Only printer
jzifh install vkyx
f m;onf[k t"dymÜ ,foufa&mufaeaponf/
Fix
Word onf Genenic/Text Only printer wpfcE k iS t
hf wl
y&ifx h wk &f ef wpfenf;enf;jzifh set vkyx
f m;avh&odS nf/ Fig-
ure 4-8 wGif jrifawGU&ouJo h Ykd tvm;wl tusK;d quf &&So d mG ;
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Dotmatrix printer wpfckvdk uefYowfrI
tajctae&So d nfh y&ifwmrsK;d qkyd gu ydí k tcuftcJ&EdS idk o
f nf/
File rSwpfqifh Print odkY oGm;í Print dialog box
twGif;&Sd Name drop-down list udk click vkyf,ljyD; wjcm;
printer wpfckudk a&G;,lvdku close udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/
Document qDodkY jyefoGm;jyD; Font drop-down list udk
jzpfap? Font dialog box ukjd zpfap zGiphf pfaq;Munfyh g/ rdr\d
fonts rsm; tm;vHk; jyef&aejyD; jzpfygvdrhfrnf/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
wjcm;toHk;jyKol odkYr[kwf macro wpffck r&SdcJhvQif Ge-
neric/ Text Only printer odYk r[kwf Word twGi;f Lim-
ited printer udk a&G;xm;jyD; &Sdaewwfonf/ tcGifhtvrf;
rSm ydpD\ default printer taejzifhom wnf&Sdaeaprnf
jzpfonf/ default printer udk ajymif;&ef Start rSwpfqifh
Printers and Faxes okdY oGm;jyD; oufqkdifonfh printer
udk right-click vkyfjyD; Set as Default Printer tjzpf
a&G;cs,fay;&efom &Sdonf/
Print dialog box twGif;rS Name drop-down list
onf wjcm; printers rsm; ryg&SdcJhygu Start rSwpfqifh
Printers and Faxes odkY oGm;um Add a Printer udk Printer
Task List twGi;f wGif &Smí ESy
d ,
f &l onf/ (tu,fí Printer
and Faxes item udk start menu wGif r&SdcJhygu Start rS
wpfqifh Control Panel odkYoGm;jyD; Printer and Other
Hardware udk ESdyfum Printer and Faxes qkdonfhae&mudk
click vky,f &l rnf) Add Printer Wizard rS rnfonfh printer
trsKd;tpm;udk rqkd vufcHxnhfoGif;ay;rnf jzpfonf/
tu,fí odkYwkdif fonts rsm; rjyvmao;cJhygu Fonts
Folders udk taotcsm ppfaq;,l&awmhrnf/ tvG,fqHk;
enf;vrf;rSm Start rSwpfqifh control panel odkY oGm;í
Appearance and Themes udk a&G;um Fonts udk ESdyf,l&yg
rnf/ tu,fí xkdae&mwGifyif fonts rsm; aysmufqHk;vsuf
&Sdaeyguvnf; jyefí install vkyf&efom &Sdawmhonf/
qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/
atmufwkdbm? 2008 139
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop Tutorial

Web 2.0 Style Menu zefw;D jcif;

tqifh (1)

400 x 150 px canvas zGifhjyD; pygw,f/

'D icon av;udk
Layer topf vkyy f gw,f/ 0kid ;f pufaeaom
website &JU puf0dkif;yHk&zkdY elliptical marquee tool eJY drag
qGJ a&;qGJpOf shift ukd ESdyfxm;&ygr,f/ teuf
menu twGuf a&mifeJY jznfhygw,f/ Selection jzKwfygw,f/
omru tjcm;
zefpD application
awG&UJ button
tjzpfvnf;
oH;k vdYk &ygw,f/
vG,v
f nf;
vG,yf gw,f/

tqifh (2)

Layers palette u Layer topftuGuf

tay: double click ESdyfvkduf&if Layer Style
dialog ay:vmr,f/ Stroke, Gradient Over-
lay, Inner Glow eJY Outer Glow wdkYudk yHkyg
Settings rsm;twkdif; ay;ygw,f/
yHkygtwkdif; jzpfvmr,f/

140 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqifh (4)
45 px avmuf&Sdr,fh soft eraser brush udk ajymif;udkif
ygw,f/ bJOyHak tmufyikd ;f wpf0ufrmS xm;jyD; shift key ESyd í
f
tay:atmuf qGJygw,f/ Selection jzKwfygw,f/ yHkyg
twkdif; jzpfvmr,f/

tqifh (5)
t&dyfuav; xGufaecsifw,f/ Layer topfjyKvkyfjyD;
teufa&mifeYJbOJ yHu
k kd button &JU atmufrmS qGyJ gw,f/ Filter
> Blur> Gaussian Blur udk oGm;jyD; radius wefzkd; 7.5 px
avmuf xm;ygw,f/

tqifh (3)

Layer topfwpfck xyfvkyfygw,f/ Elliptical mar-

quee tool eJY bJOyHkqGJjyD; tjzLa&mif jznhfygw,f/

atmufwkdbm? 2008 141

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (6)
Arial font, 6 pt eJY tjzLa&mif Home qdkwJh pmom;½dkuf
ygw,f/ Move tool udk a&G;? Alt ESdyfxm;&if; drag qGJum
pmom; text udk yHkwlyGm;ygw,f/

tqifh (8)
t&dyfyHkjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f/
tjcm;enf;rsm;pGm&Sad yr,fh tvG,f
qHk;enf;yJ ajymvdkufawmhr,f/
Layers palette u aumfyDyGm;
xm;wJh Type Layer tuGut f ay:
tqifh (7) right-click ESdyfjyD; Resterize
Type udk a&G;ygw,f/ jyD;rS Eraser tool udk udkifum vkd
yGm;xm;wJh pmom; layer udk yHkoGif;ajymif;zdkY Edit > oavmuf zsufí t&dyfyHkay:apygw,f/
Transform > Flip Horizontal udk oGm;ygw,f/ aemuf Edit
> Transform > Rotate 180º udk a&G;ygw,f/ tqifh (9)
pmom;awG ajymif;xnfh/ ta&mifajymif;csif&if Gradi-
ent overlay rSm
ajymif;ay;½HkygyJ/

142 uGefysLwm*sme,f

Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
Cel-Shaded umwGe;f pwdik f zefw;D jcif;
Cel vdkY ac:wJh acetate tMunfom;tay: vufjzifh
yef;csDa&;qGJum 'pöaevdk *E¦0ifumwGef;um;awG zefwD;,lcJh
Muw,f/ uGefysLwm*&yfzpfudk aumrpfumwGef;pwkdif wky
zefwD;jcif;tm; cel-shading vdkY ac:vmMuw,f/ rMumao;
cifu console AD'D,kd*drf;awGrSm tawmfav; ay:xGufvmMu
&m ,ckq&dk if emrnfMuD; Prince of Persia udak wmif xkpd wdik f
[efyefjzifh wpfzefjyefí qef;opfygawmhr,f/
ta&miftaoG;pkjd ynfrI aumufaMumif; outline eJY ajyjypf
wJh shading awG ygavh&Sdw,f/ tpOftvm 3D model awG
udkvnf; cel-shading jzifh azmfvkdY&w,f/ 'DpwkdifrSm emrnf
MuD; a&yef;pm;cJhwJh *drf;awGu legend of zelda : Wind
Waker, Viewtiful Joe eJY Okami awG jzpfw,f/
Cel: shaded graphics awGukd Adobe Illustrator and,
or flash, hand drawn oHk;jyD; ya&mfzuf&Sife,fawGu pdwf
&Snpf mG jzifh tywfwukwf tm;xkw&f w,f/ ,ck uRefawmfwYdk
u Photoshop jzifh jzwfvrf;enf; vkdufjyD; tvG,fenf;eJY
jyKvkyfMunfhMur,f/ twkdif;twmwpfcktxdawmh wkyEkdifyg
vdrhfr,f/ Hard edged cel-shading eJY soft-edged cel-
shading qkdjyD; ESpfydkif;cGJ wifjyoGm;r,f/
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Hard-edged cel-shading
tqifh «1»
jyKvkyfzefwD;,lr,fh yHk[m awmufywJh taoG;ta&mif
{&d,mMuD;rm;pGm yg0ifjyD; xif&Sm; uGJxGufwJh ao;i,faom
tEkpdwfawG uif;rJh&if ydkaumif;wJh &v'f&r,f/ umwGef;qef
jcif;qkdwm odyftEkpdwfwm ygavhr&Sdbl; r[kwfvm;/ Reso-
lution uawmh tenf;qHk; 1028 x 768 &Sdwm aumif;w,f/
tqifh «2»
Background Layer a&G;xm;qJrSm Filter > Artistic>
Cutout odkY oGm;yg/ ckerlemyHktwGuf atmufyg settings
rsm; ay;xm;w,f/ rdrd&JU yHktvkduf ydkif;jzwf upm;MunhfzdkY&m
awmh vkdw,f/ pdwfMudKuf&rS aemuftqifhwufyg/
tqifh «3»
Ctrl + J eJY Layer udk yGm;yg/ xkdyGm;xm;aom Layer
ouf0ifaeygap/ Filter > Stylize > Find Edges udk ac:yg/
atmufwkdbm? 2008 143
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Soft - Edged Cel-Shading
tqifh «1»
'Denf;rSm hard-edged cel-shading eJY rwlwmu tem;
pGef; aumufaMumif;awG ydkí aysmhaysmif;um yHkESdyf printed
material illustrations o½kyfazmfyHkawGtwGuf ykdoifhawmf
w,f/ rl&if;yHkrSm awmufywJhta&mif? taumif;qHk;aom
colour separation &SdjyD; MuD;rm;&if &v'faumif;r,f/

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Java Developer Guide

Chapter (7)
7.1 EVENT LISTENERS IN JAVA LANGUAGE

pmzwfol[m Java &JU Swing Components awGudk ponent, such as a click on

toHk;jyKjyD;awmh Program awG wnfaqmuf&mrSm jyD;cJhwJh a button.
• AdjustmentListener - Adjustment events,
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w,f/ User bufu awmif;qkdwmudk program bufu when a components is ad-
response vkyfray;Edkifygbl;/ [kwfw,faemf/ justed, such as when the
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handles vkyr f ,fq&dk if event listeners awGeYJ ac:,ljyD;awmh moved.
xdef;csKyf&rSmyJ/ 'grSomvQif zefwD;xm;wJh Swing Com- • ForcusListener - Keyboard focus events,
which are generated
ponents awGudk Response jyefay;EdkifzdkYtwGuf Event
when a components such
Listeners awGu vkyfaqmifrSmygyJ/ as a text field gains or
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Java Language eJY a&;om;r,fqdk&if Event Listeners • Itemlistener - Item events, which are
awGeJY tvkyfvkyf&rSmygyJ/ Events Listeners qdkwm bmvJ/ generated when an item
such as a check box is
Event Listeners : If a Class wants to respond to a
changed.
user event under the Java 2 event • KeyListener - Keyboard events, which
handling system, it must implement occur when a user enters
the interface that deals with the text on the keyboard.
events. These interface are called • MouseListener - Mouse events, which are
event Listeners. generated by mouse
Event Listeners vdkYqkd&mrSmtrsKd;rsKd;aom events awG clicks, a mouse entering
a component's area, and
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w,f/ 'Dawmh avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ Event Listen- ponents's area.
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ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/ uJ atmufrSm a&;jyxm;wm[m ents, which track all
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over a component.
• ActionListener - Action events, which are
• WindowListener - Window events, which
generated by a user tak- are generated by a win-
ing an action on a com-

atmufwkdbm? 2008 173

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
dow (such as the main
application window) be-
ing maximized, minimized,
moved or closed.
Sample
(1) public class Class Name extends JFrame
TextListener {
// .......
}
tck a&;om;jycJhwJh event listeners awGukd ac:,ltoH;k
csr,fqkd&if java.awt.event package xJrSm yg0ifwJh event
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import java.awt.event.*;
uJ 'Dawmh tay:rSm a&;jycJhwJh event listeners &,f?
class_type sample &,f? import declare package vkyw f m
&,fukd pmzwfot l aeeJY aoaocsmcsm avhvmjyD;awmh oif,l
apcsifygw,f/ jyD;cJhwJh Chapter (3), Chapter (4), Chap-
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Guide Volume -I udk avhvmjyD;cJ& h if tJ'D oifcef;pmawG[m
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jyefvkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf ydkYcsay;wmygyJ/
• Setting Up Components
wu,fvdkY pmzwfol[m event listener eJY ywfoufwJh
class udk ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&if component awGeJY quf
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listener awG[m 0ifa&mufjyD;awmh tvkyfvkyfrSmyg/
uJ 'Dawmh pmzwfozl efw;D r,fh component udk toH;k jyK
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ponents awGeJY qufET,faewJh event listener method awG
ygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/
• addActionListener ( ) method -JButton, JCheck-
Box, JComboBox, JTextField, JRadio Button and
JMenuItem components
• addAdjustmentListener ( ) method - JScrollBar
Component
• addFocusListener ( ) method - All Swing Compo-
174 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/
implements ActionListener,
nents
• addItemListener( )method-JButton, JCheckBox,
JComBox, and JRadioButton
• addKeyListener ( ) method - All Swing Com-
ponents
• addMouseListener ( ) method - All Swing Com-
ponents
• addMouseMotionListener ( ) method - All Swing
Components
• addWindowListener ( ) method - All JWindow
and JFrames Components
uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh method ( ) awGeJY ywfoufjyD;awmh
sample code_line av; a&;MunhfMu&atmif/ JButton qkd
wJh Object udk ac:,ltoHk;csr,fqkdygpdkY/ 'gudk action event
listener method eJYwGJjyD; atmufygtwkdif; toHk;csa&;om;&
rSmygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/
Sample
(2) JButton Zap = new JButton ("Zap");
Zap.addActionListener (this);
uJ tcka&;jycJw
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'gaMumifh JButton twGuf a&;om;&mrSm Object_Name.
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w,f/
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Sample
(3) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt) {
// handle event here
} object src = evt. getsource ( ) ;
uJ wu,fvdkYrsm; pmzwfol[m zeffwD;vkdufwJh pro-
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uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
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jrif&rSmyg/
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(4) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){
object src = evt.getSource ( );
}
'DtcgrSmawmh object [m getSource ( ) method t&
return vkyfygw,f/ Component udk oGm;jyD;awmh = = op-
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w,f/
Sample
(5) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){
if (src = = quitButton)
quitButton ( ) ;
else if (src = = sortRecords)
SortRecords ( );
Note : 'g[m wyfqiftoHk;jyKxm;wJh Swing & AWT
components awGudk trSefwu,f vIyf&Sm; touf0ifatmif
a&;om;&wJh tcef;u@yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh jyD;cJhwJh
Chapter (1), Chapter (2) u Code_Line a&;om;rIyHkpHukd
om em;vnfoabmaygufrI r&SdcJhbl;qkd&ifaygh/ JFrame
ay:rSm wyfqifxm;wJh Swing & AWT components awG[m
wu,fwrf;usawmh bmrQ Respond ray;EkdifwJh compo-
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line rSmqkd&if else-if statement udk toHk;jyKxm;wmudk awGU
jrif&rSmyg/
Event-Handling methods trsm;pk[m event or
components toD;oD;twGuf uGJjym; jcm;em;wJh methods
awGeJY zefwD; tvkyfvkyfay;Ekdifygw,f/
Instance of Operator [mqkd&if event-handling
method twGif;rSm yg0ifwJh tvGeftoHk;0ifwJh technique
yJ jzpfygw,f/ b,fvkd toHk;0ifwmvJqkdawmh b,ftrsKd;
tpm; component udkrqkd event taeeJY generated vkyaf y;
Edkifygw,f/ atmufrSm a&;jyxm;wJh sample code_line rSm
qdk&if textfield wpfckeJY Button wpfckudk Program rSm xnhf
atmufwkdbm? 2008 175
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
oGif; toHk;csxm;ygw,f/ uJ 'D component awGudk action
event taeeJY generate vkyfay;xm;ygw,f/
Sample
(6) void action Performed (ActionEvent evt) {
Object src = evt.getsource ( );
if (Src instanceof JTextField)
calculateSource ( );
else if (src instanceof JButton)
quitProgram ( );
} 16. else if (src = = sortRecords)
uJ tckqdk&if Sample code_line taeeJY a&;jycJhwm
(6)ckwdwd &SdoGm;jyDqkdawmh pmzwfol[m tajccHavmufawmh
user bufu awmif;qkdwmukd program bufu Respond
vkyaf y;Ekid af tmif a&;om;&wJh program taMumif;udk oabm
aygufavmufygjyD/ &Si;f jywmudk vH;k 0em;rvnfbeJ YJ rsufpx
rSm ray:wmvnf; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh smaple
code_line awGeJY EIdif;,SOfjyD;awmh a&;jyyghr,f/ tay:u
&Si;f jycJw
h hJ tcsuftvufawGukd odyjf yD;awmh em;r&Si;f &if tck
a&;jywJh yHkpHukd aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunfhyg/
1. import javax.swing.*;
2. import java.awt.*;
3. import java.awt.event.*; // event Handling udk
toHk;jyKrSmjzpfaomaMumifh rygrae& // xnhfoGif; a&;
om;&jcif; jzpfygonf/)
4. public Class_Name extends JFrame implements
ActionListener {
// Class_Name [m rdrd wnfaqmufr,fh program
trnf? wpfenf;ajym&&if Class_Name.java
// taeeJY save vkyf&r,fh primary Class_Name ygyJ/
'g[m Sample (1) taeeJY a&;xm;wJh
// code_line udk xnhfoGif; toHk;cswmygyJ/ Compo-
nents awGudkvnf; 'DtxJrSm Declare vkyfcJh&ygr,f/
Oyrm a, a2 taeeJY Object_Name ay;cJhygr,f/
5. public constructor ( ) function {//Class_Name eJY
trnfwl function
// . . . . code_line rsm;
// . . . . code_line rsm;
6. a1.addActionListener (this); // tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh
components udk ac:oHk;wmyg/
7. a2. addActionListener (this); // Sample (2) taeeJY
a&;om;xm;wmudk ac:oHk;jywmygyJ/
176 uGefysLwm*sme,f
8. } // Close brace for constructor function
9. public static void main (String [ ] arguments) {
10. // Class create the object
11. }
12. public void actionperformed (ActionEvent evt) {
// Sample (4) wGif a&;aom code_line yHkpH/
13. Object src = evt. getSource ( ); // Sample (5),
Sample (6) wGif a&;om;
14. if (src = = quitButton); // aom code_line yHkpH
15. quitButton ( );
17. sortRecords ( );
18. }
19. }
uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh code_line awGuawmh ta&SUu
Sample taeeJY a&;jycJhwJh code_line av;awGudk pkpnf;jyD;
d J awmhrS program yHkpHjzpfatmif a&;jyxm;wmygyJ/ pmzwfol
taeeJY ta&SUu a&;jycJhwJh Sample awGudk em;rvnfcJh&if
tck a&;jycJhwmawGudk aoaocsmcsm jyefjyD;awmh avhvmap
csifygw,f/
tcka&;jycJhwmawGudk em;vnfrSomvQif program [m
trSefwu,f tvkyfvkyfjyD;awmh Respond vkyfay;Ekdifygvdrfh
r,f/ 'Dawmh tck oifMum;ydkYcsay;cJhwJh code_line awGudk
tajccHjyD;awmhrS Listing 7.1 Demonstrate the User Re-
sponse qkdwJh oifcef;pmudk a&;om;ydkYcsay;xm;ygw,f/
avhvmMunhfyg/
Listing 7.1 Demonstrate the User Response
1 . import java.awt.event.*;
2 . import javax.swing.*;
3 . import java.awt.*;
4.
5 . public Class ChangeTitle extends JFrame
implements ActionListener {
6 . JButton b1 = new JButton ("Rosen-
crantz");
7 . JButton b2 = new JButton ("Guilden-
stern");
8.
9 . public ChangeTitle ( ) {
10. Super ("Change the Title Bar Demon-
strate");
11. SetDefaultClose Operation(JFrame.EXIT_
ON_CLOSE);
12. b1. addActionListener (this);
13. b2. addActionListener (this);
14. JPanel pane = new JPanel ( );
15. pane.add (b1);
16. pane.add (b2);
17. setContentPane (pane);
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
18. Pack ( ); uJ tJ'D class xJrmS rS JButton (2) ckukd b1, b2 qdjk yD;awmh
19. SetVisible (true);
trnfay;jyD;awmhrS zefw;D ygw,f/ vkid ;f eHygwf (6)eJY vdik ;f
20. }
eHygwf (7)rSmyg/
21.
JButton b1 = new JButton("Rosencrantz")
22. public Static void main (String [ ]
argument) { JButton b2=new JButton("Guildenstern");
23. JFrame Frame = new ChangTitle ( ); uJ JButton ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh Caption Name awGudk
24. }
25. vnf; pmzwfol owdjyKrdjyDaemf/ jyD;awmh tJ'D JButton
26. p u b l i c void actionperformed awGukd constructor function xJrmS xnhof iG ;f toH;k csrmS
(ActionEvent evt) {
27. Object Source = ext.getsource ( ); yg/ 'Dawmh constructor function udk avhvmMu&atmif
28. if (source = = b1) vm;/ vkdif;eHygwf (9)rSmawmh ChangeTitle ( ) qkdwJh
29. setTitle ("Rosencrantz");
30. else if (source = = b2) constructor function xJrSmawmh atmufyg code_line
31. setTitle ("Guildenstern"); awGudk a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/ Super ( ) method udk
32. repaint ( ); toHk;csjyD;awmhrS-
33. } super ("Change the Title Bar Demon-
34. } strate");
uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh Listing 7.1 [m &Sif;jycJhwJh sample vdYk a&;om;ygw,f/ 'g[m 'D program run vkyjf yDqw dk m
code_line awGudk tajcjyKjyD;awmh a&;jycJhwm jzpfygw,f/ eJY tJ'D TitleText eJYtwl Program [m azmfjyay;xm;
'gaMumifh pmzwfoltaeeJY 'D program udk tvG,fwul avh rSmyg/ jyD;awmh SetDefaultCloseOperation ( ) method
vmvdkY&atmifvdkY Analysis vkyfMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ udk ac:,ltoH;k csxm;ygw,f/ jyD;awmh Object_Variable
Name awG ukd toHk;jyKjyD;awmh-
Analysis addActionListener (this) method eJY ,SOfwGJjyD;awmh
1/ 'D program rSmawmh java &JU package file (3) ckudk toHk;csxm;ygw,f/
Declare vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm - vkid ;f eHygwf (14)rSmawmh Jpanel class udk Object_Name
import javax.swing.*; pane vkdY ay;jyD;awmh ac:,lvdkufygw,f/ jyD;awmh add
import java.awt.*; ( ) method udk toH;k csjyD;awmh JButton awGukd xnho f iG ;f
tp&Swd hJ package files awGuawmh jyD;cJw
h hJ oifcef;pmawG ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh -
rSm toHk;jyK avhvmcJhjyD;om;yg/ tck topfyg0ifvmwJh pane.add(b1);
package file uawmh - pane.add(b2);
import java.awt.event.*; vdYk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m JButton awGukd wyfqif
qkdwJh package file yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m java &JU event xm;vdkufwmygyJ/ usefwJh vkdif;eHygwf (17)(18)(19)rSm
handling awGudk ac:,ltoHk;jyKrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf import a&;om;xm;wJh-
& Declare vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ setContentpane(pane);
2/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh ChangTitle qkdwJh primary class udk Pack ( );
a&;om;ygw,f/ 'D primary class udk a&;om;&mrSm setVisible(true);
JFrame Class udk extends vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m tp&SdwJh method awGuawmh &Sif;jyp&m rvkdawmhygbl;/
swing package xJrSm yg0ifwJh JFrameclass udk ex- jyD;cJw
h hJ oifcef;pmawGrmS &Si;f jyjyD;om;rdYk xyfr&Si;f jyawmh
tends vkyfxm;wmaemf/ jyD;awmh ActionListener udk ygbl;/ tjrJwrf;toHk;csaewJh method awGygyJ/ 'Dawmh
implements vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m ActionListener 'D constructor method xJrmS yg0ifwhJ txJu r&Si;f vif;
Interface udk ta&SUrSm a&;om;ay;cJhovdkrsKd;ygyJ/ Im- wm r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/
plements vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ 'gqkd&ifawmh Event Lis- 3/ vdkif;eHygwf (22)rSmawmh main ( ) function ukd a&;om;
tener awGtaeeJY ac:,ljyD;awmh toHk;csvdkY &jyDayghaemf/ xm;ygw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSmawmh ChangeTitle class udk

atmufwkdbm? 2008 177

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
JFrame class eJY nd,
§ yl gw,f/ 'g[m main ( )function
xJrSm a&;om;xm;wJh code_line av;ygyJ/ 'Dawmh 'Doif
cef;pmeJY ywfoufwhJ Respond to user taeeJY zefw;D ay;
wJh code_ line & function awGudk avhvmMu&atmif
vm;/ tJ'guawmh tckoifcef;pm&JUtprSm a&;om; &Si;f jy
cJhwJh actionPerformed ( ) method yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'D
method( ) &JU Sample_Type udak wmh ta&SUrSm a&;jyay;
xm;ay;cJhjyD;om;yg/ 'Dawmh tJ'D actionPerformed ( )
method udk avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ vkdif;eHygwf (26)rSm
a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'D method [m tay:u Chang-
Title ( ) method xJrmS a&;om;cJw h hJ addActionListener
( ) method eJY qufET,faeygw,f/ 'Dawmh avhvmMu&
atmifvm;/ 'D method &JU Parameter_arguments
Figure 7.1 Write the Program code_line in the
ae&mrSm ActionEvent udk evt vdYk Object_Name ay;jyD; Notepad, ChangeTitle.java
awmh xnhfoGif;xm;ygw,f/ a&;xm;wJh Code_ Line
awGukd avhvmMunhMf u&atmifvm;/ Object Source [m uJ tck a &;om;azmf j yay;cJ h w J h code_line awG u d k
evt.getSource ( ) method eJY nDw,f/ if wu,fvdkYrsm; Notepad xJrSm azmfjyyg yHkpHtwkdif; a&;om;jyD;oGm;jyDqkd&if
source [m b1 (JButton 1) eJY nDchJr,fqkd&if ay:&r,fh awmh tJ'D Code_File udk pmzwfol[m C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01-
Title pmom;[m RosencrantZ vkdY ay:ay;&ygr,f/ \bin atmufrSm oGm;jyD;awmh save vkyfyg/ Save vkyf&r,fh
else if r[kwfcJh&ifawmh source [m b2 (JButton2) eJY File_Name uawmh ChangeTitle.java qkdjyD; ay;&rSmygyJ/
nDcJh&ifawmh ay:&r,fh setTitle [m
Guildenstern vkdY ay:ay;&ygr,f/ Note : pmzwfol[m uRefawmfh&JU pmtkyfeJYtwl ygvmwJh
jyD;awmh tJ'DvdkrsKd; jyefjyD;awmh azmfjyay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf CD acGukd toH;k jyKr,fq&dk ifawmh Chapter (6)Folder xJrmS
repaint ( )method udk toH;k csay;xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh yg0ifvmwJh code_file awGtm;vHk;udk select vkyfjyD; copy
tJ'D code_line awGudk azmfjyay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf- ul;,lvdkufyg/ jyD;awmh pmzwfol&JU computer xJu C:\
j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin atmufxJudk oGm;jyD;awmh paste cs
object source = evt.getSource( ); xm;vdkuf½HkygyJ/ tJ'Dtcgus&ifawmh Code_File awGudk a&;
if (Source = = b1)
SetTitle ("Rosencrantz");
om;p&m rvdkawmhbl;ayghaemf/
else if (Source = = b2)
SetTitle ("Guildenstern");
repaint ( );
uJ jyD;&ifawmh pmzwfol[m Start → Programs →
Accessories →Command Prompt udk zGifhvdkufyg/ tJ'D
vdkY a&;om;xm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh program [m txJrSm atmufyg command line eJY Directory path udk
tckvuf&dS a&;om;xm;wJh actionPerformed ( ) method change vkyv f u
dk yf g/ 'grSom java compiler eJY Run vkyv
f Ykd
xJu code_line awGtwkdif; Respond jyefay;rSmygyJ/ &EkdifrSmudk;/
uJ program code_line awGudk Analysis vkyfjyD;oGm; CD C:j2sdk 1.4.1._01\bin ↵
jyDqkdawmh uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJY vufawGUa&;om;jyD;awmh avh uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin atmufxJudk
vmMuwmayghaemf/ uJ t&ifq;kH code_line awGukd Notepad a&mufoGm;jyDqkdawmh atmufyg command awGeJY Compile
xJrSm oGm;jyD;awmh a&;om;yg/ tJ'Dvkda&;om;yHkudk Figure & Run vkyfMu&atmifvm;/
7.1 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/ javac ChangeTitle.java ↵
java ChangeTitle ↵
tJ'Dvdk command_line awGeJY Compile & Run vkyfvdkufjyD

178 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
qkd&ifawmh program udk wnfaqmufzefwD;ay;vdkufygjyD/
tJ'vD rdk sKd; Compile & Run vkyx
f m;yHu
k kd Figure 7.2 taeeJY
a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/

Figure 7.4 Press the Rosencrantz Button, Change

the Title Text

uJ'gqk&d if tJ'D program xJrSm yg0ifwJh Guildenstern

qkdwJh JButton udk ESdyfvdkuf&ifa&m b,fvdkjzpfoGm;rvJ/ tJ'D
JButton rSmyg0ifwJh pmom;twkdif; Title Bar rSm yg0ifwJh
pmom;[m ajymif;vJoGm;rSmyg/
Figure 7.2 Compile & Run of the ChangeTitle.java

uJ Compile & Run vkyfvkdufwJh tcgrSm t&ifqHk;

azmfjyay;vmwmuawmh Figure 7.3 taeeJY azmfjyay;xm;wJh
Figure tkyfpkawGxJu (a) twkdif;ygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/
'DtcgrSm tJ'D Run aewJh ChangeTitle program rSm
Figure 7.5 Press the Guildenstern Button, To
Rosencrantz qkdwJh Button eJY Guildenstern qkdwJh But-
Change the Title Text
ton awG yg0ifaewmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ avhvmMunhfyg/

uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh pmzwfol[m Listing 7.1 taeeJY a&;

Figure 7.3 Running the ChangeTitle.java
uJ tckazmfjyxm;whJ program xJu Rosencrantz qdw k hJ
JButton udk ESdyfvdkuf&if vuf&Sd Run aewJh program &JU
Title Bar rSm yg0ifwJh change the Title Bar Demo qkdwJh
pmom;tpm; JButton rSm yg0ifwJh Rosencrantz qkdwJh pm
om;tjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/ avhvm
Munhfyg/
om;azmfjyay;xm;wJh program [mqkd&if user udk Respond
ay;EkdifatmifvdkY actionPerformed ( ) method awGudk
toHk;csjyD;awmh ActionEvent awGeJY tqifajyatmif a&;
om; azmfjyay;xm;wmygyJ/ 'gaMumifh oifcef;pm&JU tpydik ;f u
aejyD;awmh pepfwus avhvmoif,lygvdkY tMuHÓPf ay;csif
ygw,f/ uJ user awmif;qdkwJhtwkdif; program uae Res-
pones vkyfay;EkdifwJh Sample.program awGudk qufvuf
avhvmMu&atmifvm;/
KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf; (txuf)?
ausmufww H m;jrKd eU ,f? &efuek /f

atmufwkdbm? 2008 179