Ch 1.

3 Wkt
Hwa Chong Institution (High Sch Section) Sec 2 Science Name: Class: _________________________ ( _________ Date: )

__ /__ / 12

Chapter 1.3: Chemical Bonding Section A (Multiple-choice questions) Choose the correct answer and write its letter in the brackets provided. 1 Which atom has the same electronic configuration as the strontium ion? Strontium is in Group II and 2 valence electrons in the outermost shell. Lose 2 electrons to become Strontium ion of charge +2 Now, the strontium ion has the same electronic configuration as krypton. For your information: Electronic Configuration: 2,8,18,8,2 A B C D Calcium Krypton Rubidium Selenium ( 2 )

Which of the following compounds has the greatest number of electrons transferred to form ionic bonds? A Carbon dioxide Covalent Compound sharing of electrons B Copper (II) oxide 2 electrons are transferred from copper to oxygen Potassium fluoride 1 electron is transferred from potassium to fluorine Iron (III) chloride 3 electrons are transferred from iron to chlorine ( )

The symbol of a certain particle is Cu2+. This indicates that the particle has Copper atom has lost 2 electrons to become copper ion of charge 2+ A B C D lost two protons. lost two electrons. gained two protons. gained two neutrons. ( )

Prepared by Mr Tan Hui Kuan 11

Chapter 1.3: Chemical Bonding| Page 1 of

Germanium (Ge) is used extensively as a semiconductor in the electronics industry. The electronic configuration of the germanium atom is shown below. Ge (2.8.18.2) What is the formula of the chloride of this element? Ge 2+ and Cl A B C D GeCl Ge2Cl GeCl2 Ge2Cl2 ( )

In the manufacture of sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide gas and air are passed through a catalyst V2O5 which helps to increase the rate of reaction. What is the charge of vanadium in this compound V2O5? Charge of vanadium ion = 5+ Charge of oxygen = 2A B C D 2+ 3+ 5+ 10+ ( )

Which one of the following atoms, A, B, C or D, would readily form an ion with a charge of 1+? Group I elements have one electron on the outermost shell and forms ions of charge 1+. Mass Number A B C D 12 16 23 31 Atomic Number 6 8 11 15 ( )

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Element P has an electronic configuration of 2. 8. 6. Element R has an electronic configuration of 2. 8. 8. 1. What is likely to form if P and R combined? R +1 and P 2A B C D ionic compound RP ionic compound R2P covalent compound RP covalent compound R6P6 ( )

Which of the following pairs of elements can combine to form an ionic compound? Ionic compound is formed between metal and non-metal. Na+ and FIonic compound formed: NaF A B C D carbon and chlorine fluorine and sodium hydrogen and oxygen oxygen and carbon ( )

The table shows the electronic configuration of four elements. Element Electronic Configuration W 2.6 X 2.8 Y 2.8.1 Z 2.8.7 Which of the following pair of atoms can combine to form a covalent compound? Element W Non metal Element X Noble gas Element Y Group 1 Element (Alkali Metal) Element Z Group 7 Element (Halogen) A two atoms of W 2 pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms of W. two atoms of X Not possible. an atom of Y and an atom of Z Ionic compound: YZ D an atom of W and an atom of X

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Not possible. X is a noble gas. ( )

Section B (Structured questions) Answer in the space provided. 1 The table below shows the atomic structure of six particles, represented by the letters E to J. The particles are either atoms or ions. Particle E F G H I J Electrons 6 2 6 10 10 12 Protons 6 2 6 12 13 12 Neutrons 6 2 8 12 14 12

Use the letters E to J to answer the following questions. (a) Which two particles are ions? H and I H is a positive ion of charge 2+ I is a positive ion of charge 3+ (b) Which two particles are (i) an atom and (ii) an ion of the same element? J and H For J: No of electrons = 12 No of protons = 12 No of neutrons = 12 For H: No of electrons = 10 No of protons = 12 No of neutrons = 12 (c) Which two particles are isotopes of the same element? E&G For E: No of electrons = 6 No of protons = 6 No of neutrons = 6 For G: No of electrons = 6 No of protons = 6 No of neutrons = 8
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(d)

Which particle has the highest nucleon number? I Nucleon number (Mass number) = No of protons + No of neutrons = 13 + 14 = 27

The ion of element Y contains eleven protons, twelve neutrons and ten electrons. (a) Which particles in this ion have (i) a positive charge? Protons (ii) no charge? Neutrons (iii) a negative charge? Electrons What is the nucleon number (mass number) of the ion? 23 (b) Write the formula of the ion. Y+ (c) Write the electronic configuration of the ion of element Y 2.8 (d) Draw a labelled diagram to show the full electronic configuration in an (e) atom of Y.

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Study the information below. Magnesium has an electronic structure of (2.8.2). Oxygen has an electronic structure of (2.6). (a) What is the chemical formula of the compound formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen? MgO Mg 2+ and O 2(b) Using the compound as an example, explain what is meant by ionic bonds. In the compound formed, 2 electrons from one atom magnesium are transferred to one atom of element oxygen. The ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged magnesium ion and the negatively charged oxide ion

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The information comes from website about salt.

(a)

The website uses element and compound. Explain what these words mean. element: An element is a pure substance that cannot be split up into 2 or more simpler substances by chemical process or by electricity. compound: A compound is a substance that contains 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded.

(b)

Explain why the lattice structure of sodium chloride causes the crystal to be very hard and have regular shapes. The strong electrostatic forces held the sodium and chloride ions tightly in a fixed position.

(c)

Sodium chloride conducts electricity when dissolved in water but does not conduct electricity in the solid state. Explain why.
Water molecules can separate the sodium ions from the chloride ions causing them to dissolve. Then the ions are free to move and thus able to conduct electricity when dissolved in water. However, when sodium chloride is in the solid state, the ions are not free to move and thus cannot conduct electricity.

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Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in the following compounds. Your diagram should show the full electronic configuration. (a) sodium fluoride (NaF)

(b)

fluorine gas (F2)

(c)

magnesium oxide (MgO)

(d)

sodium oxide (Na2O)

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Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in following compounds. You only need to draw the electrons in the outer shells. (a) iodine molecule (I2)

(b)

ethane (C2H6)

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The diagram below shows the valence shell electrons of an atom of element Y.

(a)

To which group of the Periodic Table does Y belong? VI

(b)

Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in the compound of Y with carbon. Your diagram should show the valence electrons only.

(c)

State the structural formula of compound Y. Y=C=Y = to represent double covalent bond.

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Extra Practice Question Symbols of common ions You are not expected to know all the names and symbols of common ions, but you should be able to work out the formulae of ionic compounds. The names and symbols of some ions are shown below.

The table below is a compilation of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) to help you to write the ionic formula. Fill the table. The first one is done for you. negative ions (anions)
ClChloride

OHHydroxide

NO3Nitrate NaNO3 KNO3 HNO3

O2Oxide

SO4 2Sulphate

S2Sulphite

CO3 2Carbonate

PO4 3Phosphate Na3PO4 K3PO4 H3PO4 (NH4)3PO4 (Mg)3 PO4 (Ca)3PO4 (Zn)3PO4 (Cu)3PO4 (Fe)3PO4 AlPO4 Fe PO4

Na+
Sodium

NaCl KCl HCl NH4Cl Mg(Cl)2 Ca(Cl)2 Zn(Cl)2 Cu(Cl)2 Fe(Cl)2 Al(Cl)3 Fe(Cl)3

NaOH KOH

Na2O K2O

Na2SO4 K2 SO4 H2 SO4 (NH4)2SO4

Na2S K2S H2S (NH4)2S MgS CaS ZnS CuS FeS Al2(S)3 Fe2(S)3

Na2CO3 K2CO3 H2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 MgCO3 CaCO3 ZnCO3 CuCO3 FeCO3 Al2(CO3)3 Fe2(CO3)3

K+
Potassium

H+
Hydrogen

positive ions (cations)

NH4+
Ammonium

NH4OH Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Zn(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 Al(OH)3 Fe(OH)3

NH4NO3 Mg(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 Al(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)3 MgO CaO ZnO CuO FeO Al2O3 Fe2O3

Mg2+
Magnesium

MgSO4 CaSO4 ZnSO4 CuSO4 FeSO4 Al2(SO4)3 Fe2(SO4)3

Ca2+
Calcium

Zn2+
Zinc

Cu2+
Copper(II)

Fe2+
Iron (II)

Al3+
Aluminum

Fe3+
Iron (III)

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