MITA seminar WCDMA technology on UTRAN

Mobile Internet Technical Architecture Vol. 1. Technologies and Standardization (pp. 155 - 167) October 29, 2003 Risto.Teittinen@lut.fi

Content
Scenery UTRAN architecture WCDMA basics Features Services Specifications References

Scenery
UTRAN/WCDMA and MITA (1/2) UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is a 3rd generation cellular system

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) is radio access part of UMTS

UTRAN is categorized as a Network Environment on MITA terminology, [2]

WCDMA based radio access technology

UTRAN/WCDMA provides services to which MITA interaction modes can be mapped (or vice versa), [2]

Messaging (e.g. SMS and MMS) Browsing (e.g. asymmetric uplink/downlink bit rates) Rich call (e.g. audio/video calls with different QoS requirements)

Scenery
UTRAN/WCDMA and MITA (2/2) MITA access technologies

2.5G GSM/EDGE uses TDMA/FDMA technology UTRAN uses WCDMA technology Etc.

User Interface Browsing Messaging Rich Call

UTRAN provides WCDMA based Air interface access technology

Application Framework OS and Platform Support

Based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)

Internet Protocols Access Technologies

Each vendor provide own platform for UTRAN equipment

UTRAN

Scenery
IMT-2000 technologies and spectrum IMT-2000 is the umbrella specification of all 3G systems, [1] In addition to 2nd generation modulation schemes (e.g. EDGE) several CDMA spread spectrum modulations co-exist

Direct sequence (DS), Frequency Hopping (FH), Time Hopping (TH), Hybrid Modulation (HM), and MultiCarrier (MC) Direct Sequence modulation is used by UTRAN CDMA2000 applies MultiCarrier modulation Japan

Europe IMT-2000: WCDMA (1.9 & 2.1 GHz) GSM/GERAN: EDGE (1.8 GHz)

IMT-2000: WCDMA (1.9 & 2.1 GHz)

Americas IMT-2000: WCDMA, MC-CDMA (1.8 2 GHz) GSM/GERAN: EDGE (existing bands)

Asia IMT-2000: WCDMA (1.9 & 2.1 GHz) GSM/GERAN: EDGE (900 MHz & 1.8 GHz)

Korea IMT-2000: WCDMA (1.9 & 2.1 GHz)

UTRAN architecture
Elements UTRAN consists of

UTRAN
RNC
Iub Iu-CS Uu

Base stations (Node B) Controller (RNC) Iur interface between two RNCs Iub interface between RNC and Node B Circuit switched CN (i.e. 3G MSC) via Iu-CS interface Packet switched CN (3G SGSN) via Iu-PS interface User equipment via Air interface (Uu)

MSC

Iur

UTRAN is connected to

Iu-PS

RNC

3G SGSN

Node B

UTRAN architecture
Layered structure UTRAN protocol architecture is based on layered structure, [1, 3]

Protocols categorized to access and non-access strata Access stratum consists of transport network layer protocols Non-access stratum consists of radio network layer protocols
Radio Network Layer Control Plane
25.4x3 25.419

User Plane
25.4x5 + 25.427

Transport Network User plane

Transport Network Control plane 25.4x4

Transport Network User plane + 25.426

Transport Network Layer

Legend: x = 1, Iu interface x = 2, Iur interface x = 3, Iub interface
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25.4x2

25.4x1

25.4x0

WCDMA
Basics (1/2) WCDMA users share same radio resources whereas TDMA or FDMA users have their own radio resources allocated, [1, 4] User signals are differentiated based on codes, [1, 4] CDMA modulation types, [1, 4]

Direct Sequence (DS,) Frequency Hopping (FH), Time Hopping (TH), Hybrid Modulation (HM), and MultiCarrier (MC) FDMA TDMA
Frequency

Frequency

Frequency n Frequency n-1

Frequency

CDMA
Code 1 Code 2

Time slot n Time slot n-1

Time slot 2 Time slot 1

Code n-1 Code n Time

Frequency 2 Frequency 1 Time

Time

WCDMA
Basics (2/2)
Original signal

Information is spread over frequency band, [1, 4]

Energy
Spread signal

In UTRAN bandwidth is constant (effective band is 3.84 MHz, 5 MHz with guard bands) The better the spreading the lower the power => interference decreases The smaller the spreading the higher the power => interference increases During single frame data rate is constant Data rates on consecutive frames may vary

Frequency

UTRAN uses 10 ms frames, [1, 4]

Power Time
4.4 5.0 MHz

Frequency

10 ms

WCDMA
Features Macro diversity enables mechanisms to cope with system interference, [1, 3, 4]

Multiple simultaneous Node B connections (Soft Handover scenario) Objective is to minimise transmission power Aims to decrease interference => improves overall performance Fast power control (1500 Hz cycles) Power control for downlink (decreases overall interference) and uplink (near-far effect) User signals differentiated with different spreading codes

Power control, [1, 3, 4]

Power

De-spread signal

Partial security (spread code mechanism)

Wideband noise level

Signal-to-interference ratio (SIR, a.k.a. Carrier-to-interference ratio, C/I), [4]

Signal can be recovered as long as despread signal is above interfering power

Frequency
Spread signal

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WCDMA
Services [1, 3, 4] Bit rates

Circuit Switched connections up to 384 kbps Packet Switched connections up to on downlink 2Mbps (14.4 Mbps with HSDPA), [1] Variable bit rates

Service multiplexing on single connectionDifferent QoS (e.g. speech, video and packet data) Varying delays QoS (from 10% FER to 106 bit error rate) Co-existence of 2G and 3G systems (incl. Intersystem HOs) Asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic High spectrum efficiency (e.g. good frequency reuse) Co-existence of FDD and TDD modes
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Specifications
3GPP specifications (listed at the end of [1])
21-series 22-series 23-series 24-series 25-series 26-series 27-series 28-series 29-series 30-series 31-series 32-series 33-series 34-series 35-series
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Requirement specifications. Services, service features, or platforms for services. Technical realisation specifications describing interworking over several interfaces. Non-access Stratum protocols (MS/UE CN). UTRA aspects. Codecs. Data application support functions. Signaling protocols between radio subsystem and periphery of CN. Protocols within CN. 3GPP program management. UIM and interfaces between UIM and other entities. Operation and maintenance aspects. Security aspects. Test specifications. Encryption algorithms, etc.

References
1. Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications, 2nd Edition, J. Korhonen; ISBN 1-58053-507-0 2. MITA, Mobile Internet Technical Architecture, Vol. 1 Technologies and Standardization; Nokia; ISBN 951-826-668-9 3. UMTS Networks - Architecture, Mobility and Services; H. Kaaranen, A. Ahtiainen, L. Laitinen, S. Naghian, V. Niemi; ISBN 0471-48654-X 4. WCDMA for UMTS Radio Access For Third Generation Mobile Communications; Harri Holma, Antti Toskala; ISBN 0-471-72051-8

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Questions based on presentation

1. What is the role of UTRAN/WCDMA in MITA concept? 2. Why macro diversity and power control are important features of WCDMA? 3. How WCDMA services could be mapped to MITA interaction modes? To be considered 1. GSM/EDGE and UMTS evolution? 2. How All-IP affects to radio access networks? 3. Trends on radio technology in future? What changes 4th generation will bring? 4. What kind of user equipments there will be in future (e.g. on a ten year time scale)?

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