MATHEMATICS 2905Midterm 2 Show all your work. Use back of page if necessary.

You can use your own BLANK scratch paper. Name: ID: All undened notations follow from the lectures unless specied otherwise. 1. [10 marks] State PASTA principle and explain why it holds. Solution: Please refer to your notes or textbook.

2. [30 marks] Consider a machine that works for an exponential amount of time having mean 1/ before breaking down; and suppose that it takes an exponential amount of time having mean 1/ to repair the machine. If the machine is in working condition at time 0, that what is the probability that it will be working at time t? Solution: Please refer to the solution to Example 6.11.

3. [30 marks] For an M/G/1 queueing system with Poisson arrival rate and general service distribution G. For an arbitrarily chosen customer, let S denote his service time. Compute L, W, LQ , WQ . Solution: Please refer to your notes or textbook.

4. [30 marks] Consider a single-server exponential queueing system in which the server is able to serve k customers at the same time. Whenever the server completes a service, she then serves the next k customers at the same time. However, if there are fewer than k customers in line, then she serves those customers by herself. We shall assume that her service time is exponential at rate regardless of the number of customers she is serving. And we suppose that customers arrive at an exponential rate . a) Dene appropriate states for the system and set up the rate balance equations for the system. Dont try to solve them. b) In terms of the solutions to a), determine LQ , WQ , W, L. c) In terms of the solutions to a), determine the proportion of the customers who are served with i (here 0 i k 1) other customers. Solution: a) Let 0 denote the state when the system does not have any customers, and let n (here n 0) denote the state when there are n people waiting in the queue. Then we have the rate balance equations: P0 = P0 , ( + )P0 = P0 + (P1 + P2 + + Pk ), ( + )Pn = Pn+k + Pn1 , n 1. b) LQ =
n1

nPn , WQ = LQ /. 1 , L = W.

W = WQ +

c) The proportion of the customers who are served with 0 other customers is (P0 + P1 )/; the proportion of the customers who are served with i (here 1 i k 2) other customers is (i + 1)Pi+1 /; the proportion of the customers who are served with k 1 other customers is k Pn /. n=k