Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Org
)
( .
. """ "" " " " " " " "
""" "" "" " " " " " " " ""
"" " "" " .
" " " " "
" " " .
.
"" " " .
"" "".
.
.
.
. .
.
. A 1.A A
1 .Not -A
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.A ) A (A ) A .(A
.
.
.
.
"" "".
.
.
" " .
. " ""
" " " " "
. .
. :
" . " 1 1843
" " 2 .
" " .
].[15
1 Soren kierkengaard
2 Either or
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
" "
" " .
""
. """ 1" "" .
.
.
.
] .[15
.
1-1 2 X Y
.
. Y
.
.
1
2 MC Gregour
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
2-1 .
%100 .
.
%100 . ) A (A
.
.
.
. . )
( ) (
. %100
. .
.
.
. .
.
. A .A
.
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1 Approximate Reasoning
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
" "
} .{15
.
.
1930
-5 . 6
1
2
3
4 " " 1923
5 Lukasiewicz
6 Bochvar
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1 2 .
)1 (0
)1 (0
n n
:
1 2
}, ,...,1
n n
Tn = {0,
n
) ( Tn n
) (n
.
.
" " "
" " " " "
""
[9] .
1 Kliieene
2 Heyting
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
.
" "
1937 -
" "
] [15 1965
[15] .
. A
A .
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
A A A
A .
. A A
X 1 A A
) (1-1 X 1 A ./1
A ./9 A X2) A
(1-1 A X 2 A )
( A=A .
""
" "
1909
1989 )
"" ""( [15] .
1921 ) (
. 10 20
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1942
1944 MIT 1946
)( MIT
1951
uc .
1963 uc
20
][15
1965 " "
"" " " ""
) (2-1
10
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
" " 1
.
. " "
" " ) (2-1
) 1/2 A A (
" "
"" " " ) ) (3-1
.
A
A
" " "
" ) 6(
" " " " ) (4-1
.
1 Membership curve
11
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
" " .
.
.
1973
. 1974
. 1985
F310 1989 50
.
.
.
. ""
.
12
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) (
1970
1 1980
1990 100
.
0 1
) (
"
" ) ( 4-1
5/8
%80 %20
Ebrahim mamdani 1
13
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
5/8 %80 % 20
.
.
.
. . ) A
(A ) A (A
. "A
"% 100 " % 100 "A 4-1
6 5 6 ) (1-5
5 6
) A (A ) A (A .
14
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
2-1
1
2
) ( 3
.
4
. 5
6
.
.
.
:
) (
. .
1 Crisp
2 vaguness
3 .
4 Fuzzy systems theoty
5 Fuzzy logic theory
6 Fuzzy measure theory
7 General intelligent information processing
) 8 ( retrieval recognition thought judgment evaluation decision
15
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
. )
(
.
.
.
.
.
:
(1
.
(2
.
"" " " " " ""
.
(3
.
16
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) (1-1
.
( 1-2-1
( : 1
.
.
.
( : 2
3 .
.
"" " " " " " "
.
.
Fuzzy database 1
2 Fuzzy knowledge base
3 If then rules
17
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
-1-1
)(GMDH
AHP2
)(FDSS
)(QC
( 2-2-1
( : 5
.
.
18
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
( : 1
.
.
( : 2
3 .
.
(3-2-1
( : 4
.
.
( : 5
. Qi Xi
Xi i Qi Xi .
1 Fuzzy regression model
2 Fuzzy group method of data handing
3 Hurestic self organization
)4 Fuzzy multivariate analysis ( quantification theory I-IV
5 Fuzzy integral
19
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) (X1
) (X2 ) X3
) .(Qi
) ( Qi Xi
.
( ) : ( FAHP
AHP
... . AHP
.
AHP
.
(4-2-1
( :
.
.
20
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
( :
.
( :
.
( :
.
(5-2-1
(
" " " " ""
"" " "
.
( :
21
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
( :
...
.
( :
)(FDSS
22
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
( :
.
( :
...
.
23
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1
1946 : . 2.
. 3 . .4
.
-1-6
)(
.
.
5
) (
.
1 Rand Corporation
2 O. Helmers
3 E. S Quade
4 N. Dalkey
5 Quasi - Objective
24
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
-2-6
) (
.
)(T.F.N
:
-1 ) (
1 ,, n
=I
I I 1 .
25
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
-2 n 1
:
)(A1 m , B1m,C1m
))(A1m - A1(i) , B1m - B1(i) , C1m -C1(i
-3
) , I = 1 ,, n
2
-4
) (
.
1-6 1990
. 12 )
(
6-1 .
1 Sheaf
26
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
)(A1 m , B1m ,C1m)=(1998/83 ,2005/5 ,2011/58) (1998 ,2005 , 2011
2-6 )) (A1(1) ,B1(1) ,C1(1 )(A1 m , B1m ,C1m
:
) (
)
(
27
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
) (
) Nj (b1,b2,b3 ) Ni (a1 ,a2, a3 6-3 :
~
~
~
~
1
}) S ( N i , N j ) = {S L ( N i , N j ) + S R ( N i N j
2
~
SL SR Nj NJ
~
N j N i .
~
~
~
~
1
= ) S ( Ni , N j
}) {S L ( N i , N j ) + S R ( N i N j
) 2( B2 B1
~
) S ( N i , N j B2 , N i , N j B1
) (Ai, Bi, Ci
~
S ( N i , N j ) N i , N j AiBiC B2-B3
~
) S ( N i , N j N i , N j
:
~
) (a + 2a 2 + a3 ) (b1 + 2b2 + b3
~ ~
S (Ni , N j ) = 1
) 4( B2 B1
6-1 ) B1 = 1992 (
) B2 = 2020 (
:
((1995 + 2(2003) + (2020)) (1992 + 2(1994) + 2000
)4(2020 1992
(8021) (7980) 41
=
=
= 0 / 336
4 28
112
~
= ) S (Ni , N j
28
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
2-6
0 1 (7,11)=0/03
4,11)=0/87 ,1 1 .
0/15 ) ( Ni, Nj ./15 6-3 *
6-1
1 Level of similarity
29
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
30
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) 0/15 (
)858) (15 (3
1 3 3)= ./16 (1
./16 )853 (1
./16 ./20 ./25 ...
) ( )
( .
-1-7 : 1
.
2 .
.
4
1 Fuzzy Decision
2 Dicision Space
3 State Space
4 Desirability
31
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
)(
.
1-7 )
(
% 6 "
% 6 %6
1-7 .
1970
.
:
.
32
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) 1(
. 2 " "
)( .
3
) (1970 .
-2-7 " x 10 " :
0 x 10
= ) c ( x
2 1
(1 + ( x 10) ) x 10
" x 11 " :
~
c ( x) = (1 + ( x 11) 4 ) 1
~
) d ( x :
~
) d ( x) = o ( x)^ c ( x
0 x 10
= ) d ( x
2 1
4 1
min{(1 + ( x 10) ) }, (1 + ( x 11) ) } x > 10
2-7
:
0 x 10
d ( x) = (1 + ( x 10) 2 ) 1 10 x 11 / 75
(1 + ( x 11) 4 ) 1 x 11 / 75
1 satisfy
2 Non Interactive
3 Symmetric
33
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
= ) o ( x
{29 x 3 + 366 x 2 877 x + 540} 1 < x < 5 / 8
2100
1 x 5 / 8
~
)( " " :
1 x 1 / 2
1
~
= ) c ( x
{+29 x 3 243x 2 + 16 x + 2388} 1 / 2 < x < 6
2100
0 x 6
" " :
~
}) d ( x) = min{ o ( x), c ( x
34
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
"
"" " "
:
~
arg x
3-7 Xmax = 3/5 .
:
) 1-7 ( 1970
~
G C X G
~
C G C D = G I C
~
n G1 ,..., Gn m
~
G1 ,..., Gn G1 ,..., Gn :
~
d = g 1 I g 2 I ... I g n I c1 I c2 I ... I cm
~
} = min{ g i , c j = min{ui
1 Maximizing Decision
35
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
" -1" " " .
" -2 " .
-3 min
:
= " 1 "
" " . .
4-7
~
"
~
LP :
= max{ ~ , ~ } = max{0 / 9,0 / 7} = 0 / 9
S
LP
.
" "
"" " "
1 Confluence
36
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
" " .
~
2-7 x X m ... 2 ci ( x) i =1 )
~
( x X m ... 2 c j ( x) j=1
)( :
~
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
. b c A
)( .
)
( .
) ( .
" "
.
-1-2-7
) z (
) 1 (FLP :
x
CTx > z
Axb
x0
" " " " .
38
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
z
c
( ) = d ) = B
b
A
(
C T x z Bx d
Ax b x 0
x0
m +1 ) i (x
1-7 ""
:
~
) i (x x Bixdi
)Bi
i B (
" " :
~
x0
x0
""
4-7 .
39
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
di i pi i
Bix i x
) (Bix di ) (
di + pi
] [ di , di + pi
:
1 Bi x d i
i ( x) = (d i + pi ) Bi x
d i < Bi x < d i + pi
pi+
0 Bi x d i + pi
(d i + pi+ ) Bi x
pi+
) ( i :
(d i + pi+ ) Bi x
pi+
pi i + Bi x d i + pi
i i .
:
wi i
S.to: i pi + Bi x di + pi max
I=0,1,2,,m
I=0,1,2,,m
x0
wi i
} = min{i :
Max
S.To: i pi + Bi x d i + pi
x0 , 0
*
I=0,1,2,,m
40
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) * x * (
.
.
.
5-7
5-7 :
0 Bi x d i pi
) B x (d i pi
d i pi < Bi x < d i
i ( x) = i
pi
1 Bi x d i
Bi x (d i pi
pi
) ( i :
) Bi x (d i pi
pi
) pi i Bi x (d i pi
Bi x p i i d i pi
41
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
6-7 .
6-7 pi , pi+ di
:
0 Bi x d i pi
Bi x (d i pi ) d p < B x d
i
i
i
i
pi
= ) i ( x
+
(d i + pi ) Bi x d < B x < d + p +
i
i
i
i
pi+
0 Bi x d i + pi+
i , i+ :
) Bi x (d i pi
Bi x pi i d i pi
pi
(d i + pi= ) Bi x
Bi x + pi+ i+ d i + pi+
+
p i
i+
.
} = min{i , i+ :
Bi x pi di - pi
Bi x pi di+ pi
5-7 .
42
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
5-7
. x4 x1
) (
) (
x1 6
.
min 41/400 x1+44/300 x2+48/100 x3+49/100 x4
S.to:
0/84x1 +1/44x2 +2/16x3 +2/4x4 170
16x1 +16x2 +16x3 +16x4 1300
X16
X1,x2,x30
x4= 61 x3= 0 x2 = 10 x1= 11
3/893/500
) (.
.
43
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
Bi x pi di - pi
41/400 x1+44/300 x2+48/100 x3+49/100 x4+500/00 4/400/000
:
Bi x pi di +pi
0/84x1 +1/44x2 +2/16x3 +2/4x4-10 160
16x1 +16x2 +16x3 +16x4 -100 1262
X1-11 0
:
Max
S.to:
41/400 x1+44/300 x2+48/100 x3+49/100 x4+500/00 4/400/000
0/84 x1+1/44 x2+2/16 x3+2/4 x4-10 160
16 x1+16 x2+16 x3+16 x4- 100 1262
X1-11 0
X1 , x2,x3,x3 0
1-7
67/900 .
) (
.
44
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) (Dx b
:
max
S.to:
i=0,1,2,,m
pi + Bix di + Pi
Dx b
2-2-7
) (1-2-7
1-2-7
) (
) ( .
45
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
) 3-7 ( 1972
f x f ) inf(f )sup(f
~
M = {( x, ( x)}, x X :
~
) f ( x) inf( f
) sup( f ) inf( f
= ) M ( x
.
-6-7 ) f(x) = sin(x
:
)sin x inf(sin
sin x (1) sin x + 1 1
1
=
= sin x +
=
)sup(sin) inf(sin
)1 (1
2
2
2
= ) M ( x
7-7 .
1 Extremum
2 Maximizing set
46
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) (1978) 1 (1979) 2
) ( (1972 ).((984) 3
:
~
4-7 f:xR1 R ) ( ) S ( R
~
4 R )) (MR( f
:
) 0 f ( x) inf ~ ( f
)S ( R
~
) f ( x) inf( f
inf
(
s
) r )( f ) < f ( x) < sup ~ ( f
~
)S (R
) sup( f ) ~S ( R ) inf( f ) s (r
)1 sup ~S ( R ) ( f ) f ( x
MR
(
f
)
=)(x
~
""
)* ( x f
) inf( f
~
)S (R
f )(= 1
4-7
~
5-7 xR1 M ) ( ) S ( R
~
R1 = 1 R
~
R :
1 Kichert
2 Nguyen
3 Werners
4 Support
47
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) 0 f ( x) sup( f
R1
) f ( x) sup( f
) sup R1 ( f ) < f ( x) < sup ~ ( f
~
)S ( R
sup( f ) S ( R ) sup( f ) R1
)1 sup ~ ( f ) f ( x
)S ( R
=) G (x
R1 )
(
:
Max f(x) = CTx
S.to :
<
Ax ~ b
~
R
Dxd
x0
1 AI X bi
A x bi
(x) = 1 i
bi < Ai x < bi + pi
pi
0 A x b + p
i
i
i
R1
)sup(f
)S(R
Max f(x)=CTx
S.to :
Axb
Dxd
x0
48
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
sup(f)=(Ct x)opt = f0
R1
Max f(x) =C x
S.to:
Axb+p
Dxd
x0
f1
= sup(f)=(C t x)opt
~
) s (r
0 C T x f 0
T
~
C x f0
) G (x
f 0 C T x < f1
f1 f 0
1 f C T x
1
7-2-1
:
MAX
S.TO:
CTX-(F1-F0) F0
AX+P b+p
DXb
,x0
7-7 :
MAX Z=2X1+X2
S.TO:
X1<~ 3
X1+X2<~ 4
X1,X20
49
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
P2 =4
P1=6 F1=16
F0= 7
:
MAX= 2X1 +X2
S.TO:
S.TO:
X13+6
X13
X1+X24+4
X1+X24
X1,X20
X1,X20
max
S.To:
2 x1+ X 2 - (16-7) 7
x1+6 9
x1+ X 2 +4 8
0
11/73
X1,X 2
2
3 OWA
OWA
.
1 Fuzzy Screening
2 Preliminary
3 Yager
50
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1-8
" "" " " "
" "" "" " "
" " " " " .
.
321...100
8-1 ) (x, T(x) ,u,G,M X
) T(x X ) X
( G ) G
( U M
) T(x ) (
8-1 X ] u = [0,100
U
} {=)( T
1 Linguistic Variable
51
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) G(x
) M(x U
} )= {(u,(u)),u u(M
]1 u [0,25
u 25 2 1
]((1 + 5 ) ) u [25,100
= )(u
" " :
= ) (
" "
30 (u) =0/ 25
" " 0/25 20
" "
]=[0/25,1]=0/25 min [
.
} ... { =)(T
) 0 (1
]1 [0 )
0/7 0/35 2
] 1 [ 0(
52
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
] u=[0,1 U
" "
:
" " 1
:
(u)=u
0u1
:
0 0 u a
ua 2
a +1
( 2 = )( u
) a u
2
1 a
u
a
1
+
1
2
1 (1 a ) 2 u 1
0/5
" 0/5 " a
1-8
0/6 ) (
0/8 0/5 ""
1 1- J . F . bald win
53
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
""
""
" " " " :
(u) = ((u))2
( u) = ((u))1/2
} { =)(T
} .. . {=)(T
2-8
1 :
" " 1375
54
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
2-8 ) ( A
m ) B=m(A m A
A :
(x)=(A(x))2 (very A) AA
( more or less A) A
1
2
))(x)=(A(x A
(x)=(A(x))1/25 (plus A )A
.
2-8 OWA
OWA AND OR ORNESS
W :
1 n
(n i). wi
n 1 i =1
= )Orness (w
Q 1 wi .
i 1
)
n
i
n
( Wi = Q ( ) Q
ORNESS
i
1 n
i 1
((n i ).[Q( ) Q
])
n 1 i =1
n
n
= )Orness (Q
1 n
i
) (Q
n 1 i =1 n
= )Orness (Q
1 LINGUISTIC-QUANTIFIER
55
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
1
Q(r) = r , 0
:
1
1
+1 1
= ]0
r
+1
+1
[ = Orness (Q) = 0 r dr
2 Q ]1 [0
] r [0,1 ) Q(r ) Q(r
r Q
} X= { x1, x2, , xn
:
XQ A
:
OWA
Q
:
n
T = Wi b i
i =1
bi i :
}){A(x1) , A(x2) , , A(xn
1 Regular Increasing Monotone Linguitic Quantifier
2 Most
56
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
8-2 }38222422 {21
" " :
1 u 22
A (U) = 1 (U 22) / 8 22 < U 30
0
OWA
i
i 1
)
() Q
n
n
11
) = Q(0/2) Q(0) = 0 - 0 = 0
5
(Wi= Q
1
5
( W1 = Q ( ) Q
57
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1
3
1
3
1
3
2
3
:
wibi
=T
i =1
11
) (%91
8-3
) ( x
A X
:
1
) (X
A X
A
.
58
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
2
) ( X
A X
) (
A A ) X
( 1
2
3
) 4 (ME MCDM .
)
(
1 SCREENING PROCESS
2 FUZZY SCREENING SYSTEM
3 EXPERT
4 MULTI EXPERT MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING
59
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
.
} A = {A1 , A2, ,Am
.
}C = { C1 , C2 , , Cn
) (
}E={E1 , E2, , Er
)
( )(S
.
S7
)Outstanding(ou
S6
S5
)High (H
S4
)Medium (M
60
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
S3
)Low (L
S2
S1
)None (N
1 Si i>j :
Si>Sj :
SiSj
Max (Si,Sj)=Si
SiSj
Min (Si,Sj)=Sj
n ) (
j :
} {1, 2,, n
2 j
S
S
3-8
C1,,C5
1 Natural Ordering
61
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
)(
C1,,C5
1 1 M 2 H C1
.
"
Neg (Si)=S7-i+1
:
Neg (ou) = S7-7+1 = S1=N
S :
Neg(VL)=VH
Neg(VH)=VL
Neg(L)=H
Neg(H)=L
Neg(N)=OU
Neg(M)=M
2 ) ( U :
i=1 ,2, , m , k=1,,r
1 Negative of importance
2 Unit Score
62
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
u ik k I i kj J
k ikj J I K
.
8-4 8-3
12 3 1 L M M
4-8 1 1 L
63
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
L 1
L :
}L}={VL L
)L={Neg (VH
1 ) (VH
1 ) (L
1 L uik
:
" "
) ( L 1
) (L ) (VH U
:
" "
:
} {uik}= { ui1 , ui2, , uir
U i K r
( r=3 ) 4-8
) (Q
1 Aggregation Function
64
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
k=1,2,,r )i (
) Q(K ) Q(K K
.
) (Q :
) (
:
)Q(k)Q(k
k>k
)(
Q(r)=ou
) (Q :
:
Q(k ) = N k < r
Q(k ) = ou k = r
) (
:
k=1 , 2 , , r
Q(k)=ou
m :
Q(k ) = N k < m
Q(k ) = ou k m
q ) S, S, ,S
7 ( r
:
)QA(k)=Sb(k
k=0 , 1 , 2 , , r
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
int q r
:
QA(r)= Sq
QA(0) = S1
) ( r=3 S1,S2,,S7
] b (k)= int [ 1 + k 7-1 ] = int [ 1+ 2k
3
:
QA(0) = S1 , QA (1) =S3 , QA(2)=S5 , QA(3)=S7
OWA
:
} {uik } = { ui1 , u i2 , , uir
i=1, 2 , , m
m k ) (k=1,2,,r
Bij
j i i
:
i=1,2,,m
:
B j i
) Q(j j
Q(j) B j (Bij)i
) j
) ((Q(j
66
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
max
ui
:
5-8 1 4-8
:
U11=L , U12=M , U13= M
:
B11=M , B12=M , B13= L
Q
) (r=3 S,S,,S :
)QA(k) = Sb(k
] b(k) = int [ 1 + (k q-1) ] = int [1+2k
r
k=1 QA(1) = L
S3
S5
k=2 QA(2) = H
S7
k=3 QA(3) = ou
1 :
}Ui=max j {Q(j) Bij
} U1=max { L M , H M, ou L
=Max {L,M,L}=M
1 " " M
""
" " M
:
3
3
<
=
k
k
N
ou
= ) ( k
= ) ( 3
Q
67
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
Q(3 ) = ou
Q(2) =N
Q(1) =N
1 :
}Ui= max{ Q(j) Bij
j
} M , ou L
M,N
U1=max{ N
=Max { N , N , L } = L
" " M
.
68
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
:
1 .
.
.
.
) ( .
100 150 .
SPECint 92 .
SPECint 92 100
1000 SPECint 92
.
" " " " " " 1 " " 0
. " " " "
" 0 0/5 " 1 .
.
1 Boolean Logic
69
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
. 1 .
.
)
(
" "2 .
3.
.
.
.
" " .
.
" " ) (
.
1 System Level
2 Defuzzify
3 Real Time
70
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1
.
2
.
.
3 .
4 .
.
5 .
!
.
:
.
1 Attributes
2 Processing Elements
3 Sequential Algorithm
4 Parallel Decomposition
5 Paradigms
71
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
) (ANN
.
.
n xj j
1 n . xj
1.
.
.
:
2
.
3
1 Weighted
2 Compllexity
3 Capacity
72
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
wij
1
2 .
3
. .
.
.
.
wij .
) ( .
1 Learning Algorithm
2 Program
3 Supervised
4 Unsupervised
73
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
.
.
:
] = wij = [ wi1 , wi 2 ,..., win i
] = xij = [ xi1 , xi 2 ,..., xin i
= Ri = wT x i
= Oi i
) wij .xij
Oi = f ( nj=1
= Ti .
= Ei = Ti Oi .
= wij )
(
.
i :
) wij (t
) = Ei (Oi , Ti ) xi (t
t
74
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1 .
:
) wij (k + 1) = wij (k ) + Ei (Oi (k ), Ti (k )) xi (k
:
wij (k + 1) = wij (k ) + correction term
k .
.
2
. .
:
Hard-wired
1 Learning Rate
2 Self-Organizing
3 Cooperative
4 Markovian
75
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
1 .
F } X = {x
] f ( x) : X [0 , X
] [0 , x F
. x
"" "
" ) x (
] small ( x)[0 , . x
"" . ] small ( x)[0 , 2 .
) ( = 1
] F ( x)[0 ,1 3.
" "
) ( . .
.
~
F :
( x) = 1
~
F
sup
xX
) (
.
1 .
~
] F = [( x1 F~ ( x)) | c X
1 Distribution of Truth
2 Membership Function
3 Normal
4 Singularities
76
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
~ F X M )MF(x
~
) ( x F .
~
) 0 (1 F
~ F . )
( .
) OR AND (1 INVERT
. AND
1 10 0 11 0 10 0 0 0 .
) A ( x1 ) AND B ( x2 . x1 =2 x2 =4
) A ( x1 )OR B ( x2
1 Gates
2 Fuzzy Control
3 Fuzzy Engine
77
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
)(FANN1
2 3 .
.
) (
.
(
(
. " ... " ... ) .(ifthen
xw , x2 , x1
:
: if xi AND x j then FK K
) (
. .
) (
" ... " ... .
)
78
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
( .
.
" " )(
)( .
.
.
79
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
.
. .
.
) (
.
. 1
.
.
.
) NeuFuz4 National Semiconductor (
) Neure Fuzzy (Inform Software.
NeuFuz4 Windows
.
NeuFuz4 5
3125 .
NeuFuz4
1 Forward Network
80
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
.
)( .
3.
...
.
. .
1 Back Propagation
2 Editor
3 Interactive Debugger
81
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
.
) 1 (
) 2 ( ) (
) ( .
3
4 5 .
) CPU (
) (6DAC ) (7 ADC RAM ROM
) (8 DSP
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 Signal Processing
2 Data Processing
3 OP-AMP & Operational Amplifier
4 Compensating
5 Scaling
6 Digital to Analog Converter
7 Analog to Digital Converter
8 Digital Signal Processor
82
www.Parsbook.Org
www.Parsbook.Org
VLSI
VLSI
.
) .(1
2 ) 8-12-12-1 (
VLSI
.
)(
.
) ( .
.
. . 3
.
.
.
4 .
1 Transveral Filter
2 Tapped Delay Line
3 Diffusion Approximation
4 Three-layer Feed Forward Neural Network
83
www.Parsbook.Org