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25

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-2 n 1
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26

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:
)(A1 m , B1m ,C1m)=(1998/83 ,2005/5 ,2011/58) (1998 ,2005 , 2011
2-6 )) (A1(1) ,B1(1) ,C1(1 )(A1 m , B1m ,C1m
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27

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.

) (
) Nj (b1,b2,b3 ) Ni (a1 ,a2, a3 6-3 :
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S ( N i , N j ) N i , N j AiBiC B2-B3
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6-1 ) B1 = 1992 (
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:
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=
=
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4 28
112
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= ) S (Ni , N j

28

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2-6
0 1 (7,11)=0/03
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0/15 ) ( Ni, Nj ./15 6-3 *
6-1

1 Level of similarity

29

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3-6 1-6 ./15


3-6
1 5 8 9 10 )
5 9 9 10 (
( 0/15)0/15
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5 8 5 8 ) 58 0/15 3-6
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1-6
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30

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) 0/15 (
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1 3 3)= ./16 (1

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2 Dicision Space
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31

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32

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) 1(

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2 1
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~

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0 x 10

= ) d ( x

2 1
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2-7
:
0 x 10

d ( x) = (1 + ( x 10) 2 ) 1 10 x 11 / 75
(1 + ( x 11) 4 ) 1 x 11 / 75

1 satisfy
2 Non Interactive
3 Symmetric

33

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2-7 1-7 . 3-7


.
3-7

" " :
0 x 1
1

= ) o ( x
{29 x 3 + 366 x 2 877 x + 540} 1 < x < 5 / 8
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= ) c ( x
{+29 x 3 243x 2 + 16 x + 2388} 1 / 2 < x < 6
2100
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" " :
~

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34

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"
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:
~

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x

arg x
3-7 Xmax = 3/5 .


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~

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n G1 ,..., Gn m
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d = g 1 I g 2 I ... I g n I c1 I c2 I ... I cm
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d = min{ g1 , g 2 ,..., g n , c1 , c2 ,..., cm


~

} = min{ g i , c j = min{ui

1 Maximizing Decision

35

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:
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= " 1 "

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36

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.
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37

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. b c A
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x
CTx > z
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1 Fuzzy Linear Programming

38

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z
c
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b
A

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C T x z Bx d
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x0

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1

x0

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39

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di i pi i
Bix i x
) (Bix di ) (
di + pi
] [ di , di + pi
:
1 Bi x d i

i ( x) = (d i + pi ) Bi x
d i < Bi x < d i + pi

pi+

0 Bi x d i + pi

(d i + pi+ ) Bi x
pi+

) ( i :
(d i + pi+ ) Bi x
pi+

pi i + Bi x d i + pi

i i .
:
wi i

S.to: i pi + Bi x di + pi max

I=0,1,2,,m
I=0,1,2,,m

x0

wi i
} = min{i :
Max
S.To: i pi + Bi x d i + pi
x0 , 0
*

I=0,1,2,,m

40

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) * x * (
.
.
.
5-7

5-7 :
0 Bi x d i pi

) B x (d i pi
d i pi < Bi x < d i
i ( x) = i
pi

1 Bi x d i

Bi x (d i pi
pi

) ( i :
) Bi x (d i pi
pi

) pi i Bi x (d i pi
Bi x p i i d i pi

41

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6-7 .

6-7 pi , pi+ di
:
0 Bi x d i pi

Bi x (d i pi ) d p < B x d
i
i
i
i

pi
= ) i ( x
+
(d i + pi ) Bi x d < B x < d + p +
i
i
i
i

pi+

0 Bi x d i + pi+

i , i+ :
) Bi x (d i pi
Bi x pi i d i pi

pi

(d i + pi= ) Bi x
Bi x + pi+ i+ d i + pi+
+
p i

i+

.
} = min{i , i+ :
Bi x pi di - pi
Bi x pi di+ pi
5-7 .

42

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5-7
. x4 x1
) (
) (
x1 6
.
min 41/400 x1+44/300 x2+48/100 x3+49/100 x4
S.to:
0/84x1 +1/44x2 +2/16x3 +2/4x4 170
16x1 +16x2 +16x3 +16x4 1300
X16
X1,x2,x30
x4= 61 x3= 0 x2 = 10 x1= 11
3/893/500


) (.


.

43

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www.Parsbook.Org


:
Bi x pi di - pi
41/400 x1+44/300 x2+48/100 x3+49/100 x4+500/00 4/400/000
:
Bi x pi di +pi
0/84x1 +1/44x2 +2/16x3 +2/4x4-10 160
16x1 +16x2 +16x3 +16x4 -100 1262
X1-11 0
:
Max
S.to:
41/400 x1+44/300 x2+48/100 x3+49/100 x4+500/00 4/400/000
0/84 x1+1/44 x2+2/16 x3+2/4 x4-10 160
16 x1+16 x2+16 x3+16 x4- 100 1262
X1-11 0
X1 , x2,x3,x3 0

1-7

67/900 .

) (
.

44

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) (Dx b
:

max
S.to:

i=0,1,2,,m

pi + Bix di + Pi
Dx b

2-2-7


) (1-2-7

1-2-7
) (
) ( .

45

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:
) 3-7 ( 1972
f x f ) inf(f )sup(f
~

M = {( x, ( x)}, x X :
~

) f ( x) inf( f
) sup( f ) inf( f

= ) M ( x

.
-6-7 ) f(x) = sin(x
:
)sin x inf(sin
sin x (1) sin x + 1 1
1
=
= sin x +
=
)sup(sin) inf(sin
)1 (1
2
2
2

= ) M ( x

7-7 .

1 Extremum
2 Maximizing set

46

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) (1978) 1 (1979) 2
) ( (1972 ).((984) 3

:
~

4-7 f:xR1 R ) ( ) S ( R
~

4 R )) (MR( f
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) 0 f ( x) inf ~ ( f

)S ( R

~
) f ( x) inf( f

inf
(

s
) r )( f ) < f ( x) < sup ~ ( f

~
)S (R
) sup( f ) ~S ( R ) inf( f ) s (r

)1 sup ~S ( R ) ( f ) f ( x
MR
(
f
)

=)(x
~

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) inf( f
~

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f )(= 1
4-7
~

5-7 xR1 M ) ( ) S ( R
~

R1 = 1 R
~

R :

1 Kichert
2 Nguyen
3 Werners
4 Support

47

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) 0 f ( x) sup( f
R1

) f ( x) sup( f
) sup R1 ( f ) < f ( x) < sup ~ ( f

~
)S ( R
sup( f ) S ( R ) sup( f ) R1
)1 sup ~ ( f ) f ( x

)S ( R

=) G (x

R1 )
(
:
Max f(x) = CTx
S.to :
<

Ax ~ b
~
R

Dxd
x0

1 AI X bi

A x bi
(x) = 1 i
bi < Ai x < bi + pi
pi

0 A x b + p
i
i
i

Min Max ),sup(f


:

R1

)sup(f
)S(R
Max f(x)=CTx
S.to :
Axb
Dxd
x0

48

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sup(f)=(Ct x)opt = f0

R1

Max f(x) =C x
S.to:
Axb+p
Dxd
x0

f1

= sup(f)=(C t x)opt
~

) s (r
0 C T x f 0
T
~
C x f0
) G (x
f 0 C T x < f1
f1 f 0
1 f C T x
1



7-2-1
:
MAX
S.TO:
CTX-(F1-F0) F0
AX+P b+p
DXb
,x0

7-7 :
MAX Z=2X1+X2
S.TO:
X1<~ 3
X1+X2<~ 4
X1,X20
49

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P2 =4

P1=6 F1=16

F0= 7

:
MAX= 2X1 +X2

MAX =2X1 +X2

S.TO:

S.TO:

X13+6

X13

X1+X24+4

X1+X24

X1,X20

X1,X20


max
S.To:
2 x1+ X 2 - (16-7) 7
x1+6 9
x1+ X 2 +4 8
0
11/73

X1,X 2

= *x 2* = 0/ 05 * = 0/052Z x1* = 5/84 .


2

3 OWA
OWA
.

1 Fuzzy Screening
2 Preliminary
3 Yager

50

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1-8


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.

321...100



8-1 ) (x, T(x) ,u,G,M X
) T(x X ) X
( G ) G
( U M
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8-1 X ] u = [0,100
U

} {=)( T

1 Linguistic Variable

51

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) G(x
) M(x U

} )= {(u,(u)),u u(M

]1 u [0,25
u 25 2 1
]((1 + 5 ) ) u [25,100

= )(u


" " :
= ) (
" "
30 (u) =0/ 25
" " 0/25 20
" "
]=[0/25,1]=0/25 min [
.



} ... { =)(T


) 0 (1
]1 [0 )
0/7 0/35 2

] 1 [ 0(
52

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] u=[0,1 U
" "
:
" " 1
:
(u)=u

0u1
:

0 0 u a

ua 2
a +1
( 2 = )( u
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2
1 a
u
a

1
+
1

2
1 (1 a ) 2 u 1

1-8 "" ""

0/5
" 0/5 " a
1-8
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0/8 0/5 ""
1 1- J . F . bald win

53

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www.Parsbook.Org

""
""
" " " " :
(u) = ((u))2

( u) = ((u))1/2

0/6 " 0/36 "


" 0/78 "

.



} { =)(T
} .. . {=)(T


2-8

1 :
" " 1375

54

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www.Parsbook.Org


.
2-8 ) ( A
m ) B=m(A m A
A :
(x)=(A(x))2 (very A) AA
( more or less A) A

1
2

))(x)=(A(x A

(x)=(A(x))1/25 (plus A )A

.
2-8 OWA
OWA AND OR ORNESS
W :
1 n
(n i). wi
n 1 i =1

= )Orness (w

Q 1 wi .
i 1
)
n

i
n

( Wi = Q ( ) Q

ORNESS
i
1 n
i 1
((n i ).[Q( ) Q
])

n 1 i =1
n
n

= )Orness (Q


1 n
i
) (Q

n 1 i =1 n

= )Orness (Q

1 LINGUISTIC-QUANTIFIER

55

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www.Parsbook.Org

:
1

Orness (Q) = 0 Q(r )dr


) ORNESS (1
ORNESS

Q(r) = r , 0
:
1
1
+1 1
= ]0
r
+1
+1

[ = Orness (Q) = 0 r dr

2 Q ]1 [0
] r [0,1 ) Q(r ) Q(r
r Q
} X= { x1, x2, , xn
:
XQ A
:
OWA
Q
:
n

T = Wi b i
i =1

bi i :
}){A(x1) , A(x2) , , A(xn
1 Regular Increasing Monotone Linguitic Quantifier
2 Most

56

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www.Parsbook.Org


8-2 }38222422 {21
" " :
1 u 22
A (U) = 1 (U 22) / 8 22 < U 30
0

A (38) =0 A (22) =1 A ( 24) = 0/75 A (22) = 1 A (21) = 1


:
} {1,1,0/75,1,0
Bi :
} {1,1,1,0/75, 0
:
1 r 0 / 8
Q(r) = 1 (0 / 8 r ) / 0 / 6 0 / 2 r 0 / 8
0


OWA
i
i 1
)
() Q
n
n
11
) = Q(0/2) Q(0) = 0 - 0 = 0
5

(Wi= Q

1
5

( W1 = Q ( ) Q

57

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www.Parsbook.Org

1
3
1
3

1
3

= W2= Q(0/4)- Q(0/2) = 0


1
3

2
3

= W3= Q(0/6) Q(0/4) =


1
3

= )W4= Q(0/8 ) Q(0/6


W5= Q(1) Q(0/8) = 0


:
wibi

=T

i =1

T = 0*1+1/3 * 1 + 1/3 *1+1/3*0/75+0*0=11/12


" "
/12

11

) (%91

8-3
) ( x


A X
:
1
) (X
A X
A
.

58

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2
) ( X
A X
) (
A A ) X
( 1
2



3

) 4 (ME MCDM .


)
(


1 SCREENING PROCESS
2 FUZZY SCREENING SYSTEM
3 EXPERT
4 MULTI EXPERT MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING

59

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www.Parsbook.Org


.




.


} A = {A1 , A2, ,Am
.
}C = { C1 , C2 , , Cn
) (
}E={E1 , E2, , Er


)
( )(S
.

S7

)Outstanding(ou

S6

)Very high (VH

S5

)High (H

S4

)Medium (M

60

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S3

)Low (L

S2

)Very low (VL

S1

)None (N

1 Si i>j :
Si>Sj :
SiSj

Max (Si,Sj)=Si

SiSj

Min (Si,Sj)=Sj

n ) (
j :
} {1, 2,, n
2 j

S
S
3-8
C1,,C5


1 Natural Ordering

61

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www.Parsbook.Org

)(
C1,,C5

1 1 M 2 H C1
.

"
Neg (Si)=S7-i+1
:
Neg (ou) = S7-7+1 = S1=N
S :
Neg(VL)=VH

Neg(VH)=VL

Neg(L)=H

Neg(H)=L

Neg(N)=OU

Neg(M)=M

2 ) ( U :
i=1 ,2, , m , k=1,,r

} Uik=min j {Neg (Ikj) ikj

1 Negative of importance
2 Unit Score

62

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www.Parsbook.Org

u ik k I i kj J
k ikj J I K
.
8-4 8-3

12 3 1 L M M
4-8 1 1 L

63

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L 1
L :
}L}={VL L

)L={Neg (VH

1 ) (VH
1 ) (L
1 L uik
:
" "
) ( L 1
) (L ) (VH U
:
" "

:
} {uik}= { ui1 , ui2, , uir
U i K r
( r=3 ) 4-8


) (Q

1 Aggregation Function

64

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k=1,2,,r )i (
) Q(K ) Q(K K
.
) (Q :
) (
:
)Q(k)Q(k

k>k

)(
Q(r)=ou
) (Q :
:
Q(k ) = N k < r

Q(k ) = ou k = r

) (
:
k=1 , 2 , , r

Q(k)=ou

m :
Q(k ) = N k < m

Q(k ) = ou k m

q ) S, S, ,S
7 ( r
:
)QA(k)=Sb(k
k=0 , 1 , 2 , , r

]) b(k) = int [ 1 + (k q-1


r
65

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www.Parsbook.Org

int q r
:
QA(r)= Sq

QA(0) = S1

) ( r=3 S1,S2,,S7
] b (k)= int [ 1 + k 7-1 ] = int [ 1+ 2k
3
:
QA(0) = S1 , QA (1) =S3 , QA(2)=S5 , QA(3)=S7
OWA


:
} {uik } = { ui1 , u i2 , , uir

i=1, 2 , , m

m k ) (k=1,2,,r
Bij
j i i
:
i=1,2,,m

} Ui = max j { Q(j) ^ Bij

:
B j i
) Q(j j

Q(j) B j (Bij)i
) j
) ((Q(j
66

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www.Parsbook.Org

max
ui
:
5-8 1 4-8
:
U11=L , U12=M , U13= M
:
B11=M , B12=M , B13= L
Q
) (r=3 S,S,,S :
)QA(k) = Sb(k
] b(k) = int [ 1 + (k q-1) ] = int [1+2k
r
k=1 QA(1) = L
S3
S5

k=2 QA(2) = H

S7

k=3 QA(3) = ou

1 :
}Ui=max j {Q(j) Bij
} U1=max { L M , H M, ou L
=Max {L,M,L}=M
1 " " M
""
" " M

:
3
3

<
=

k
k

N
ou

= ) ( k
= ) ( 3

Q
67

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:
Q(3 ) = ou

Q(2) =N

Q(1) =N

1 :
}Ui= max{ Q(j) Bij
j
} M , ou L

M,N

U1=max{ N

=Max { N , N , L } = L

" " M


.

68

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:
1 .
.

.


.

) ( .

100 150 .
SPECint 92 .
SPECint 92 100
1000 SPECint 92
.
" " " " " " 1 " " 0
. " " " "
" 0 0/5 " 1 .

.

1 Boolean Logic

69

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. 1 .

.
)
(
" "2 .

3.

.

.
.

" " .


.
" " ) (
.

1 System Level
2 Defuzzify
3 Real Time

70

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1

.
2
.

.
3 .
4 .


.
5 .
!

.

:
.

1 Attributes
2 Processing Elements
3 Sequential Algorithm
4 Parallel Decomposition
5 Paradigms

71

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) (ANN
.
.

n xj j
1 n . xj
1.

.

.
:
2
.
3



1 Weighted
2 Compllexity
3 Capacity

72

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wij
1
2 .
3

. .
.
.


.
wij .
) ( .

1 Learning Algorithm
2 Program
3 Supervised
4 Unsupervised

73

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.
.
.
:
] = wij = [ wi1 , wi 2 ,..., win i
] = xij = [ xi1 , xi 2 ,..., xin i
= Ri = wT x i
= Oi i

) wij .xij

Oi = f ( nj=1

= Ti .
= Ei = Ti Oi .
= wij )
(
.
i :
) wij (t
) = Ei (Oi , Ti ) xi (t
t

74

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1 .

:
) wij (k + 1) = wij (k ) + Ei (Oi (k ), Ti (k )) xi (k

:
wij (k + 1) = wij (k ) + correction term

k .
.
2
. .
:

Hard-wired

1 Learning Rate
2 Self-Organizing
3 Cooperative
4 Markovian

75

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1 .
F } X = {x
] f ( x) : X [0 , X
] [0 , x F
. x
"" "
" ) x (
] small ( x)[0 , . x
"" . ] small ( x)[0 , 2 .
) ( = 1
] F ( x)[0 ,1 3.
" "

) ( . .
.
~

F :
( x) = 1

~
F

sup
xX

) (
.
1 .
~
] F = [( x1 F~ ( x)) | c X
1 Distribution of Truth
2 Membership Function
3 Normal
4 Singularities

76

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~ F X M )MF(x
~

) ( x F .
~

) 0 (1 F
~ F . )
( .

) OR AND (1 INVERT
. AND
1 10 0 11 0 10 0 0 0 .
) A ( x1 ) AND B ( x2 . x1 =2 x2 =4

A ( x1 =2) = 0/72 B ( x2 =4) = 0/45 .


0/45) = 0/45 min(0/75 .

) A ( x1 )OR B ( x2

0/45) = 0/72 max(0/72 . ) A ( x1 =2 1 0/72 = 0/28


.

2 3
) ( .

1 Gates
2 Fuzzy Control
3 Fuzzy Engine

77

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)(FANN1

2 3 .

.
) (
.

(
(
. " ... " ... ) .(ifthen
xw , x2 , x1
:
: if xi AND x j then FK K
) (
. .
) (
" ... " ... .

)

1 Fuzzy Artificial Neural Network


2 Pattern Association
3 Pattern Retrieval

78

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( .
.


" " )(
)( .
.
.

79

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.
.


. .

.

) (
.
. 1
.
.
.
) NeuFuz4 National Semiconductor (
) Neure Fuzzy (Inform Software.
NeuFuz4 Windows

.
NeuFuz4 5
3125 .
NeuFuz4
1 Forward Network

80

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.
.
)( .

Neure Fuzzy Fuzzy TECH


. Fuzzy TECH
1 )
( .
Neure Fuzzy
. Neure Fuzzy

3.




...



.
. .

1 Back Propagation
2 Editor
3 Interactive Debugger

81

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.
) 1 (
) 2 ( ) (
) ( .
3
4 5 .
) CPU (
) (6DAC ) (7 ADC RAM ROM
) (8 DSP
.
.
.
.

.
.

1 Signal Processing
2 Data Processing
3 OP-AMP & Operational Amplifier
4 Compensating
5 Scaling
6 Digital to Analog Converter
7 Analog to Digital Converter
8 Digital Signal Processor

82

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www.Parsbook.Org

VLSI
VLSI
.


) .(1
2 ) 8-12-12-1 (
VLSI
.
)(
.
) ( .
.


. . 3
.
.
.
4 .

1 Transveral Filter
2 Tapped Delay Line
3 Diffusion Approximation
4 Three-layer Feed Forward Neural Network

83

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