1.

A P-N junction diode when forward-biased has a drop of 0.4 V which is assumed to be independent of current. The current in excess of 8 mA through the diode causes large Joule heating which damages the diode. If we want to use a 2 V battery to forward-bias the diode, calculate the value of resistor that should be used in series with the diode so that maximum current does not exceed 4 mA.

2. Determine the value of V0 and I if the Si diode and the Ge diode conduct 0.7 V and 0.3 V respectively. If the Si diode is reversed, find the effect on the value of V 0 and I?

3. In the shown figure circuit has two ideal diodes in parallel. Find the current flowing in the circuit.

4. Find the wavelength range of LED for the frequency range of visible light (400 THz to 750 THz). 5. A photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with band gap of 2.9 eV. Can it detect a wave length of 5000 nm? Justify. 6. A transistor has a current gain of 35. If the collector resistance is 5 k and input resistance is 1 k, calculate its voltage gain. 7. A transistor is connected in CE configuration. The collector supply voltage is 12 V and the voltage drop across a resistor of 1000 in the collector circuit is 0.6 V. The current gain factor is 0.95. Determine the base current. 8. A semiconductor has electron concentration of 5 X 1012 cm-3and hole concentration of 8 X 1013 cm-3. Determine the conductivity of the semiconductor. Given that: Electron mobility = 2.6 m2V-1s-1 ; Hole mobility = 0.02 m2V-1 s-1. 9. A sample of p-type silicon has conductivity 100 S cm-1. Calculate the hole density and electron density in the sample if in silicon. , and

10. An output characteristic of a transistor is shown in the figure. Determine the value of current amplification factor of the transistor when VCE = 3V.

11. A transistor has a current amplification factor of 60. In a CE amplifier circuit, the collector resistance is chosen as 6 k and the input resistance is 1 k .Determine the output voltage if the input voltage is 0.01 V. 12. For a CE-transistor amplifier, the audio signal voltage across the collector resistance of 3 k is 3 V. If the current amplification factor of the transistor is 125, find (A) input signal voltage (B) base current. Given that the value of the base resistance is 1 K. 13. The transistor circuit is shown in figure has the base current 10A and collector current 7.6 mA. Can this transistor circuit be used as an amplifier?

14. A sample of n type semiconductor has conductivity 100 S m-1. If the electron mobility is 0.1350 m2/(Vs), then find the electron density. 15. When the plate voltage applied to a diode valve is changed from 36 V to 40 V, the plate current increases from 40 mA to 50 mA. Calculate the dynamic plate resistance at the operating condition. 16. The mutual conductance of a triode valve is 3 milli mho. Calculate the change in the plate current if the grid voltage is changed from -1.0 V to -3.5 V. 17. If a triode valve has an amplification factor of 30 and its plate resistance is 15 k ,then find its mutual conductance.

ANSWER KEY 1.) 400 6.) 175 10.) 250 15.) 400 2.) 9.7, 3.23 in both 3.) 1.67 4.) 400-700 5.)NO 7.) 0.032 8.) 2.336 9.) 1.73 X 102, 1.3 X 1018 11.) 3.6 12.) 0.008, 8A 13.) 0.4 14.) 4.6 X 1015. 16.) -7.5 X 10-3 17.) 2 milli ohm