Sean Li Math 7370 Notes Spring 2013 Algebraic Number Theory Lecture 18 3/1/13 Claim. Let : A S 1 A.

1 A. There is a natural correspondence between the prime ideals of S 1 A and the prime ideals of A which dont meet S. Every ideal of S 1 A is of the form S 1 I where I is an ideal of A. If we start with an ideal I of A, then S 1 I is an ideal of S 1 A (the closure under addition and multiplication is trivial). And if we start with an ideal J of S 1 A, then let I be the inverse image in A. If J is prime then I is also prime (inverse image of a prime ideal is prime in general). Need to show: I prime implies S 1 I prime, and 1 = 2 implies S 1 1 = S 1 2 . Let S be the image of S in A/, then S 1 A/S 1 S (A/), which is contained in the eld of fractions of A/. This implies S 1 A/S 1 is an integral domain, so S 1 is a prime ideal of S 1 A. Example: Z(p) Q where Z(p) denotes the set of all fractions with denominators not divisible by p in lowest terms.
1 2 Assume that S 1 1 = S 1 2 . If p1 = p2 , u(p1 s2 p2 s1 ) = 0, which implies up1 s2 2 , so s s p1 2 . The symmetric result can be obtained as well.

Corollary 1 to Field theorem (previous lecture). Let P be a prime ideal of B and = A P . Then P is maximal if and only if is maximal. Proof. B/P is integral over A/. (B is integral over A.) Corollary 2. If P1 , P2 are prime ideals of B such that P1 P2 such that P1 A = P2 A = implies P1 = P2 . Proof. S 1 A = A where S is chosen to be the complement A . Since S 1 is an exact functor, the injection follows (P1 S 1 P1 and P2 S 1 P2 ). Let g : A B. Then g 1 (S 1 P1 ) = g 1 (S 1 P2 ) = S 1 is maximal. By Corollary 1, S 1 P1 adn S 1 P2 are both maximal in S 1 B, so they are equal. This implies P1 = P2 . Corollary 3. Given any prime ideal of A, there exists a prime ideal P of B such that A P = .