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a)
b)
Equation 4Na(s) + O2(g) 2Na2O(s) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s) Si(s) + O2(g) SiO2(s) P4(s) + 5O2(g) P4O10(s) S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
2) a)
b)
Equation Na2O(s) + H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) MgO(s) + H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq) Al2O3(s) + H2O(l) No reaction SiO2(s) + H2O(l) No reaction P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)
Giant ionic oxides produce alkaline solutions Al2O3 and SiO2 are insoluble Simple covalent oxides produce acidic solutions The trend across the Period is from ionic to covalent oxides and from alkaline to acidic solutions
c)
Acidic oxides react with bases e.g. P 4O 10+ 12NaOH 4Na 3PO 4 + 6H 2O SiO 2 + CaO CaSiO 3 (formation of slag in a blast furnace)