التكييف المركزي (عملي

EF
EF
??? J ?
K
EF
INTRODUCTION
(30 40% )
E (8000) F
K
W
K

K
K
W
K
K
EF
EF
INTRODUCTION
KKK(York)(Carrier)(Trane)
E
F
WK
Condensing units
(Water-cooled)
K(Air-cooled)
Compressor-chiller unit J J
Package chiller J
(Boilers)
K
--
EF
KW
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
W
K
W
K .
K .
K .
W
K K
K K
K K
K K
--
EF
Study of water chillers & boilers performance

(Chillers selection) WK
(Trane)

K(CD,s) (Carrier)
W
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K(Fouling Factor) K
WEF
KE 27 T.R F
E 29.4C F 85 F KE 7.2C F 45 F E12.8C F 55F
0.0005 KE 35C F 95F
KEJ F
--
EF
PCW030
T
PCW040
T
75
80
85
90
95
Cap.
Tons
KW
Cond.
GPM
Cap.
Tons
KW
Cond.
GPM
Cap.
Tons
KW
Cond.
GPM
Cap.
Tons
KW
Cond.
GPM
Cap.
Tons
KW
Cond
GPM
42
24.1
19.7
67.9
23.0
20.3
66.5
22.9
20.9
65.1
22.3
21.4
63.1
21.6
22.0
61.7
44
25.0
19.8
70.7
24.4
20.5
69.3
23.7
21.0
68.2
23.0
21.7
66.0
22.4
22.3 64.9
45
25.5
19.9
71.8
24.8
20.6
70.5
24.1
21.2
69.1
23.4
21.8
67.2
22.8
22.4 65.9
46
25.9
20.0
72.8
25.2
20.7
71.7
24.5
21.5
70.4
23.8
21.9
68.5
23.1
22.6 66.9
48
26.7
20.2
75.1
26.0
20.9
73.8
25.3
21.7
72.5
24.7
22.2
70.6
24.0
22.9 69.1
50
27.5
20.4
78.6
26.8
21.1
77.1
26.1
21.9
75.2
25.5
22.5
73.1
24.8
23.2 71.6
42
28.3
23.2
80.0
27.5
23.9
79.6
26.6
24.6
79.2
25.9
25.3
77.0
25.1
26.0 75.5
44
29.3
23.4
83.2
28.4
24.2
82.6
27.6
25.0
82.5
26.7
25.7
79.8
26.0
26.4 78.3
45
29.8
23.6
85.3
29.0
24.3
84.4
28.1
25.1
84.0
27.3
25.9
81.6
26.5
26.6 79.9
46
30.3
23.7
86.3
29.7
24.5
85.2
28.5
25.2
85.5
27.8
26.1
83.1
26.9
26.9 81.5
48
31.2
23.9
88.2
30.5
24.8
87.9
29.6
25.6
87.6
28.7
26.5
85.2
27.8
27.3 83.6
50
32.1
24.2
88.7
31.3
25.1
90.2
30.6
26.0
88.5
29.7
26.9
86.1
28.7
27.8 85.8
42
41.6
35.0 116.1
40.0
36.0 113.8
38.9
37.2 111.3
37.5
38.4 109.3
36.4
39.6
108.4
44
43.0
35.4 118.8
41.7
36.5 117.1
40.4
37.6 115.4
39.0
38.9 112.8
38.0
40.2
112.0
45
43.7
35.7 120.9
42.4
36.8 119.2
41.1
37.9 117.4
39.7
39.2 115.2
38.6
40.4
114.1
46
44.4
36.0 123.1
43.1
37.1 121.1
41.8
38.0 118.8
40.4
39.4 116.6
39.2
40.6
115.5
48
45.9
36.6 127.0
44.6
37.8 124.8
43.3
39.0 122.5
41.9
40.2 120.1
40.6
41.3
118.8
50
47.3
37.1 131.1
46.0
38.4 128.9
44.8
39.6 126.3
43.4
40.8 123.8
42.0
42.0
122.6
Model
PCW025
T
Condenser Entering Water Temp. F
Lvg.
Chille d
Water
Temp.
(Packaged water chiller ratingsFWEJ
10F
K14 F 6F
K 10 F
--
EF
K 0.0005
kW 0.98 0.001
K1.03
WEJ F
E 7.2C F 45 F
27 T.R
55 F J 45 F = 10 F E 5.6C F
95 F J 85 F = 10 F E 5.6C FW
E 29.4C F 85 F W
28.1 T.R PCW 030T
K 25.1 KW
--
EF
EF
W
E
F
K

E100 T.R F
K 35 C 30 C 7 C
12 C
KE 0.0005 FE F.F F
KEJ F
--
EF
EF
W
K 0.001 PCW 030T
EJ F
--
EF
EF
W
0.0005 COP
K 0.001
EJ F
WEF
K TRANE E"R" Series Air Cooled Liquid ChillersF

K
145 T.R
WE C.L F
E 7.2 C F 45 F WE LCWT F
E 5.6 C F10 F W
E 35C F 95 F
0.00025
K RTAA140 K
EER 158 KW 145.9 T.R

KEJ F 10.2
E Watt FE BTUH F EER F

K
W K
--
m& w =
EF
3
145 Tons 3.52
= 21.7 kg 1.3 m
min
s
5.6 4.2
) F Entering Condenser Air Temperature (

L
W
T
75
85
95
105
115
To
ns
K
W
EE
R
To
ns
K
W
EE
R
To
ns
K
W
EE
R
To
ns
K
W
EE
R
To
ns
K
W
EE
R
40
148.4
126.0
12.7
141.2
138.2
11.2
133.8
152.3
9.7
126.1
168.2
8.3
118.2
186.0
7.1
42
153.7
128.1
13.0
146.2
140.4
11.4
138.6
154.5
9.9
130.7
170.6
8.5
122.5
188.6
7.3
44
159.0
130.2
13.2
151.3
142.5
11.6
143.4
156.8
10.1
135.3
173.1
8.7
124.8
186.8
7.5
45
161.7
131.3
13.4
153.9
143.7
11.8
145.9
158.0
10.2
137.7
174.3
8.8
125.9
185.9
7.6
46
164.4
132.4
13.5
156.5
144.8
11.9
148.4
159.2
10.3
140.0
175.6
8.9
126.6
184.4
7.7
48
169.9
134.6
13.7
161.8
147.1
12.1
153.4
161.6
10.5
144.8
178.1
9.1
127.7
180.6
7.9
50
175.4
136.9
14.0
167.1
149.4
12.3
158.5
164.0
10.7
149.6
180.8
9.3
128.6
177.1
8.1
55
189.7
142.7
14.5
180.8
155.5
12.8
171.6
170.4
11.2
162.1
187.5
9.7
130.9
169.8
8.6
K TRANE R
RTAA140 WEJ
--
EF
EF
RTAA140
500 T.R
WE C.L F
E 5.6 C F10 F W
E 46C F115 F
0.00025
EJ F
- -
EF
EF
W
K
W
EF
W
K
W
- -
EF
EF
W
(Chillers performance)
KJ ECOPFW
E Ti FKJ J ECWRF
E To FKJ J ECWSF
E I comp 1 I comp 2 I comp 3 I comp 4 FKECompressorF

EVFK
KE Q pupm F
E Qtotal FK
Qtotal = # of pumps Q pump
EFor one chillerF
Qchiller =
Qtotal
# of chillers
3
1 gpm = 6.309 10 5 m s
E m& w F
m& w = w Qcheller
w = 1000 kg 3 W
m
W
C.L = m& w C Pw Tw
C Pw = 4.2 KJ Kg C
- -
EF
Tw = Ti To
K
I total = I comp 1 + I comp 2 + I comp 3 + I comp 4
K
Pin = 3 I total V Cos
Cos = 0.9
COP =
C.L
Pin
W
WEF K
I comp 3 ( A)
I comp 2 ( A)
To (C )
I comp 1 ( A)
Ti (C )
Q chiller
(m
Qtotal
Q pupm
(Volt )
I comp 4 ( A)
COPchiller
Pin chiller (KW )
I total ( Amps) C.Lchiller ( KW )
m& w (kg )
s
- -
EF
EF
W
K
W
WEF K
I comp 3 ( A)
I comp 2 ( A)
To (C )
I comp 1 ( A)
Ti (C )
Q chiller
(m
Qtotal
Q pupm
(Volt )
I comp 4 ( A)
COPchiller
Pin chiller (KW )
m& w (kg )
s
WEF K
I comp 3 ( A)
I comp 2 ( A)
To (C )
I comp 1 ( A)
Ti (C )
Q chiller
(m
Qtotal
Q pupm
(Volt )
I comp 4 ( A)
COPchiller
Pin chiller ( KW )
I total ( Amps)
C.Lchiller ( KW )
m& w (kg )
s
Qchiller C.L
Qchiller COP
- -
EF
(Boilers selection) WEF K
(kcal h )E F (BTU h )
K
kcal h
= 4 BTU
(The hydronics institute)

EJ FK(I.B.R
ratings)
RATINGS FOR
WATER
MODE
L
NUMB
ER
A.G.A
INPUT
(Btuh)
D.O.E
NET
I=B=R
CAPAC
ITY
RATING
WATER
(Btuh)
(Btuh)
WAT
ER
(Sq.F
t.)
GG75H
75,000
64,000
55,700
371.3
GG100H
100,000
83,000
72,200
481.3
GG125H
125,000
103,000
89,600
597.3
GG150H
150,000
125,000
108,700
742.6
GG175H
175,000
145,000
126,100
840.6
GG200H
200,000
167,000
145,200
968.0
GG225H
225,000
186,000
161,700
1078.
0
- -
EF
GG250H
250,000
209,000
181,700
1211.
3
GG275H
275,000
228,000
198,300
1322.
0
GG-300
300,000
270,000
208,700
1390
GG-325
325,000
260,000
226,100
1510
GG-350
350,000
280,000
243,500
1620
GG-375
375,000
300,000
260,900
1740
(Natural and L.p. Propane FWEJ F

gas ratings
American Gas Association (A.G.A)
Department of Energy (D.O.E)
Hydronic Institute for Boiler Ratings (I.B.R)

K
- -
EF
EF
W
K
K 55000 kcal h
W
EJ F
EF
- -
EF
W
K(Boilers performance)
KEThermal efficiencyF W
W
K
K
W
T wo (C )
T wi (C )
kg (m )
w
s
m 3 Q
f
h
( )
( )
(kcal m ) (H.V ) EJ
3
th =
m w cp w T w
1.2 10 3 Q f (H .V ) f
- -
EF
Percent CO2 in Combustion Gas

Fuel
Theoretical
Air/Fuel
Theoretical
Ratio
Natural gas
20%
40%
Excess
Excess
9.6 ft3/ft3
12.1
9.9
8.4
1000
BTU/ft3
1410 ft3/gal
15.0
12.3
10.5
140000
BTU/gal
1520
16.5
13.6
11.6
153000
BTU/gal
940 ft3/lb
18.2
15.1
12.9
13000
BTU/lb

No. 2 fuel
Heating
Value (H.V)
Quantity of Air Supplied
oil

No. 6 fuel
oil

Bituminous
coal

WEJ F
KJ
C Pw = 4 . 2
Kg C
BTU = 0.25 kcal
kW = 860 kcal
m = 35.29 ft 3
- -
EF
E3F
EF

J
J
EF
? ???
- -
EF
K
KW
KW
J
J
J
J
J
K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
- -
EF
KW
KW
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
KEF K
KEF K
K K
W
K
W
K .
K .
W
K
- -
EF
Installation, operation and maintenance of w.chillers & boilers
(Water chillers) W
(Installation)W K
EF
KW
KEF
- -
EF
Operation W .
EF
KW
K
K
(Comp. loading sequence)
K
K
K
K
- -
EF
EF
F
KE
K
K
K
K
K
- -
EF
EF
KW

EF
.Stop / Reset
K
K
- -
EF
EF
KW
- -
EF
MaintenanceW K
EF
K(Weekly maintenanceFW
WEF
K
- -
EF
EF
KEMonthly maintenanceFW
K
K
.( 8 - 8.5)(PHF
- -
EF
EF
K (Yearly maintenanceFW
K
K
K
W E
W E
W
(Gravity flow)W
(Forced circulation) W
- -
EF

Inhibitor
KEJ F
E L F
E gm F
EF
E L F
22.5
40
4.5
45
80
36
67.5
120
13.5
54
160
18
90
18
72
WEJ F
K
(Water treatment) W
K
K
- -
EF
E ppm F
2.5
200 500
24
200
0.5
0.3 0.5
WEJ F

W
K
- -
EF
EF
(Logsheet analysis) W
K EJ F
- -
EF
Chiller Logsheet
Chiller Location: .
System No. ....
Date
Time
Hour Meter Reading
O.A.Temp. DB/W.B
Oil level
Compressor
Oil pressure
Oil temp.
Suction temp.
Discharge temp.
Kg cm 2 Filter
Sequence (slide valve opening %)
Oil added (gallon)
motor
Volts
Amps
cooler
Refrig. Suction pressure

Inlet Temp.
Liquid
Outlet temp.
Outlet pressure
) Kg s Flow rate (
Discharge pressure
Refrig.
Corresponding temp.
High pressure liquid temp.
condenser
System air degrees

inlet temp.
inlet pressure
Water
outlet temp.
Outlet pressure
) Kg s Flow rate (
(Chiller logsheetFWEJ F
- -
EF
(Boilers)
(Installation)
W K
EF
KEFW
K
K
- -
EF
(Installation) W K
EF
KEFW
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
- -
EF
(Maintenance) W K
EF
K W
EJ F
K
- -
EF
E3F
K
KW
EF

(Logsheet analysis)
EF
- -
EF
EF
? ???
- -
EF
K
KW
KW

J
EFJ
J
J
J
K
W
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- -
EF

W
W
W TRANE E"R" Series Air Cooled Liquid ChillersF
(EER)
K K
K(COP) K
125 T.R
WE C.L F
E 5.6 C F10 F W
E 46C F115 F
0.00025
) F Entering Condenser Air Temperature (

LW
T
F
40
42
44
45
46
48
50
55
75
Ton
KW
s
148 126
.4
.0
153 128
.7
.1
159 130
.0
.2
161 131
.7
.3
164 132
.4
.4
169 134
.9
.6
175 136
.4
.9
189 142
.7
.7
85
EE
R
12.
7
13.
0
13.
2
13.
4
13.
5
13.
7
14.
0
14.
5
Ton
KW
s
141 138
.2
.2
146 140
.2
.4
151 142
.3
.5
153 143
.9
.7
156 144
.5
.8
161 147
.8
.1
167 149
.1
.4
180 155
.8
.5
95
EE
R
11.
2
11.
4
11.
6
11.
8
11.
9
12.
1
12.
3
12.
8
Ton
KW
s
133 152
.8
.3
138 154
.6
.5
143 156
.4
.8
145 158
.9
.0
148 159
.4
.2
153 161
.4
.6
158 164
.5
.0
171 170
.6
.4
- -
105
EE
R
9.7
9.9
10.
1
10.
2
10.
3
10.
5
10.
7
11.
2
Ton
KW
s
126 168
.1
.2
130 170
.7
.6
135 173
.3
.1
137 174
.7
.3
140 175
.0
.6
144 178
.8
.1
149 180
.6
.8
162 187
.1
.5
115
EE
R
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.7
Ton
KW
s
118 186
.2
.0
122 188
.5
.6
124 186
.8
.8
125 185
.9
.9
126 184
.6
.4
127 180
.7
.6
128 177
.6
.1
130 169
.9
.8
EE
R
7.1
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.9
8.1
8.6
EF
K
KEFEF
I comp 3 ( A)
I comp 2 ( A)
I comp 1 ( A)
To (C )
Ti (C )
60
63
58
12
Q chiller
(m
Qtotal (m s )
Q pupm (m s )
0.08
COPchiller
Pin chiller (KW )
(Volt )
I comp 4 ( A)
380
61
m& w (kg )
s
KK 50000 kcal h K
RATINGS FOR
WATER
MODE
L
NUMB
ER
A.G.A
INPUT
(Btuh)
D.O.E
NET
I=B=R
CAPAC
ITY
RATING
WATER
(Btuh)
(Btuh)
WAT
ER
(Sq.F
t.)
GG75H
75,000
64,000
55,700
371.3
GG100H
100,000
83,000
72,200
481.3
GG-
125,000
103,000
89,600
597.3
- -
EF
125H
GG150H
150,000
125,000
108,700
742.6
GG175H
175,000
145,000
126,100
840.6
GG200H
200,000
167,000
145,200
968.0
GG225H
225,000
186,000
161,700
1078.
0
GG250H
250,000
209,000
181,700
1211.
3
GG275H
275,000
228,000
198,300
1322.
0
GG-300
300,000
270,000
208,700
1390
GG-325
325,000
260,000
226,100
1510
GG-350
350,000
280,000
243,500
1620
GG-375
375,000
300,000
260,900
1740
(GG-200H)
( h )
8800 kcal m 3 m
- -
EF
125 T .R
WE C.L F
E 5.6 C F10 F W
E 46C F115 F
0.00025
K RTAA140 K
185.9 KW 125.9 T .R
(EER)
BTUH
INPUT WATTS
EER
= EER
K[ (Input WattsF]
7 .6
m& w =
3
125 Tons 3.52
= 18.7 kg 1.12 m
= 251.4 GPM
s
min
5.6 4.2
m 3 = 224 gallons
W(COP) K
COP =
C.L 125.9 3.52

= 2.38
W comps
185.9
- -
EF
WKEFEF
W
C.L = m& w C Pw Tw
C Pw = 4.2 KJ Kg C W
Tw = Ti To
C . L = 30 4 . 2 5 = 630 kW = 179 T . R
I total = I comp 1 + I comp 2 + I comp 3 + I comp 4
I total = 58 + 63 + 60 + 61 = 242 Amps
W
Pin = 3 I total V
Cos = 0.9
Cos
:
Pin = 3 242 380 0.9 = 119.4 kW
COP =
C.L
Pin
COP =
630
= 5 .3
119 .4
- -
EF
I comp 3 ( A)
I comp 2 ( A)
I comp 1 ( A)
To (C )
Ti (C )
60
63
58
12
(m
Qtotal (m s )
Q pupm (m s )
0.03
0.24
0.08
COPchiller
Pin chiller (KW )
5.3
119.4
Q chiller
(Volt )
380

242
630
I comp 4 ( A)
61
m& w (kg )
s
30
(200000 Btu h ) 50000 kcal h
(208700 Btu h ) 52175 kcal h (I.B.R)(GG-300)

(D.O.E) (270000 Btu h ) 67500 kcal h F
(15%)
E
ss =
(Steady-state efficiency)W
Q T (OUTPUT )
Q ( INPUT )
100%
ss =
167000
100% = 83.5%
200000
kcal
QINPUT 50000
h = 5.7 m3
&
=
Qf =
h
H.V f 88000 kcal 3
m
- -
EF
EF
INTRODUCTION
(Fiberglass)
--
EF
KKW
KW
K K
K K
K K
K K
W
K
W
K .
K .
W
K K
K K
--
EF
pT = p s + p d
W pT
W p s
E p v F W p d
EF
KEJ F
EF
EF
WEJ F
--
256 Pa ,
EF
314 Pa W

K
W
K
pT = p s + p d
pT = 314 + 256 = 570 Pa
pT = 570 Pa
K??
W
KE FSP FW J
KE FTP FW J
J
K
E Q FE FSP F
E FTP F
KE Q F
E FSP F
KE p so p si F
FSP ( p so p si )
E FTP F
KE pTo pTi F
FTP = ( p To p Ti )
--
EF
EF
KEFK
KEFK
KEFEFK
.TK
EJ F
EF
EF
EF
EF
WEJ F
--
EF
EFK
K
W .TEFK
WEFK

KEFK
E F
K
EFTK
W
K
K
FK K
KEKKKKKK kpa pa W
--
EF
EF
EFW
W
KEFK
KEFEFK
KEJ F KEPitot TubeFK
EFK
KEF
WEFK

KEFK
E F
K
WK
K
K
W
FK K
KEKKKKKK kpa pa W
--
EF
EF
W
W
KEFK
KEFEFK
KEJ F KE Pitot TubeFK
EFK
KEF
WEFK

KEFK
E F
K
WK
K

K
W
FK K
KEKKKKKK kpa pa W
--
EF
EF
W
W
KEFK
KEFEFK
KEJ F KEPitot TubeFK
EFK
KEF
EFK
KEF
WEFK

KEFK
E F
K
WK
K

K
W
FK K
KEKKKKKK kpa pa W
--
EF
EF
KW
W
KEJ F
KK
??K
K
KEJ FK
KK
EJ FK
K K
KEJ FK

E p si F
E p so F
E Pa F
E Pa F
EJ F
--
EF
KK
K
K
K
K W
K
K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF
EF
KW
W
KEJ F
KK
??K
K
KEJ FK
K K
KEJ FK
K K
KEJ FK

E p di F
E p do F
E Pa F
E Pa F
EJ F
--
EF
WK
K
K
K
K W
K
K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF
EF
KEJ F
KK
??K
K
KEJ FK
??K
K
KEJ FK
K K
WK
FSP = p so pTi
KW FSP
KW p so
KW pTi
KEJ FK
--
EF
E pTi F
E FSP F
E pso F
E Pa F
E Pa F
E Pa F
EJ F
K
WK
KW
K
W
K
--
EF
EF
KEJ F
KK
??K
K
KEJ FK
KK
KEJ FK
K K
WK
FTP = pTo pTi
KW FTP
KW pTo
KW pTi
KEJ FK
--
EF
E FTP F
E pTo F
E Pa F
E Pa F
E pTi F
E Pa F
EJ F
K
WK
KW
K
K
W
K
K
--
EF
K
E3F
KKW
EF

K
K
K
K K
KK K
K K
K K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

K K
KK K
K K
K K
K
W
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF
KW
W
KW
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
W
K
W
K .
K .
W
K
KK
K K
--
EF
DESIGN & MANUFACTURING OF AIR DUCTS
(Duct design calculations)

W
EJ FEJ F

EFE
--
EF
(m/s)
7.5
12.5
WEJ F
()
--
EF
(Case study) W
EF
2.4
10.5 m
m3/s
1.6 m3/s
B
6m
0.8 m3/s
0.8m3/s
0.8 m3/s
3m
13
14
15
10
16
11
17
7.5 m
0.8 m3/s
6m
(0.66 m3/s)
6m
(0.52m3/s)
(0.38 m3/s)
(0.24m3/s)
(0.1 m3/s)
(0.1 m3/s)
(0.1 m3/s)
12
WEJ F
--
18
EF
WKEJ F
(2.4 m s )
3
(0.1 m s ) (18)
(0.14 m s )
3
K -
K (38 Pa ) K
= 1.5
K -
EF
K
KEF
KEF
KEF
W
EF
WEJ F(ASHRAE)
V = 7.5 m
(2.4 m s ) EJ
3
A=Q
W
V
= 2 .4
7 .5
= 0.32 m 2
W (7.5
(W = 640 , H = 500 mm ) (640 500 mm )

W (658 mm )
--
EF
p = 0.975 Pa
(
ab )0.625
D = 1 .3
(a + b )0.25
K (a , b)
p = 0.975 Pa
EF
(m s )
7.5
6.8
5.7
5.4
5.0
4.7
4.1
3.3
(mm ) (W H )
640500
625375
560250
540225
525200
400200
400150
200150
0.32
0.234
0.14
0.122
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.03
2.4
1.6
0.8
0.66
0.52
0.38
0.24
0.1
(m 2 )
(m 3 )
To A
A-B
B-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E (1.0) F (W
--
EF
KEJ FEJ FK(Take-off)
EJ F
EJ FKE
K
WEJ F
WEJ F
EJ F
--
(m s )
7.5
6.8
5.7
5.4
5.0
4.7
4.1
3.3
(mm ) (W H )
EF
0.32
0.234
0.14
0.122
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.03
2.4
1.6
0.8
0.66
0.52
0.38
0.24
0.1
(m 2 )
565565
565414
565248
492248
444248
323248
242248
121248
(m 3 )
To A
A-B
B-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(2.27 )
KB-18 B-12 , A-6 EF
K B-18
E18 B F EA F (C)
KEJ F
WEAF
R
= 1 .5
= 565
= 1 .5
A = 565 565 mm 2
565
= 1.0
C = 0.17
WE13BF
,
A = 565 248 mm 2
--
EF
= 248
565
= 0.44
C = 0.2
W(To A-B-18)
2
2
0.975 63 + 0.6 V (To A) C ( A) + 0.6 V (B 13) C (B 13)
p T ( A B 18) =
= 61.425 + 0.6 0.17(7.5) +0.6 0.2 (5.7 )

2
= 61.425 + 5.738 + 3.899
= 71 . 1 Pa (7 . 1 mm . w )
H = EF
p s (Fan) = 71.1 + 38 = 109.06 Pa
WK
0.75 0.5 V
(Initial ) V 2 (Final )]
V (Initial )
V (Final )
H=
p s (Fan ) = 109.06 0.75 0.6 (7.5)2 (3.3)2
= 109.06 19.74 = 88.65 Pa (8.87 mm. w)

--
EF
K
:
W
K K
KJ K
FKKK
E
K
KE +
W
pTo = p so + p do , P o = pTo Q&
KW pTo
K :
KEF :

p so
p do
P o = pTo Q& = (88 .65 + 0.6 V 2 ) 2.4 = [88.65 + 0.6 (7.5) 2 ] 2.4 = ( 88.65 + 33.75) 2.4
= 293.76 watts 0.3 kW

W Fan
PFin =
PFo
Fan
= 0.7
= 0.42 kW = 0.56HP
--
EF
EF
:
K
K K
KEJ F K
EJ F K
K
EF K
K
K K
K ( m = 0.7 ) K
(m s )
(mm )
(m )
2
(m )
3
To A
A-B
B-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
--
EF
EF
K W
W
W
(9 m s )
3
KEJ F
W
K K
KEJ F K
EJ F K
K
EF K
K
K K
K K
(m s )
(mm ) (W H )
(m )
2
(m )
3
To A
A-B
B-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
--
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
EF
EF
K
W
K
K
K K
K (C ) K
K K
K ( m = 0.7 ) K
--
EF
(Duct manufacturing)
K
(Galvanized sheet ducts) WJ

K (1 mm )
1
(Gauge 28)
28
(Gauge)
26
30
(mm )
0.4
24
28
0.5
24
gauge No.
28
0.5
35cm J
35cm J
.
35cm J
35cm J
23
26
0.6
WEJ F
(Seams)
(S ) K EJ F
K(Drive cleats)
K
K
--
EF
(drive cleats) :(1)(double"S"slip) :(2)
(reinforced "S" cleat) W(3)(button punch snap lockFW(4)
(6)
(inside slip joint)
W (5)
(button punch rivet or screw)
W(7)W(8)
(standing
(flanged joint with gasket)
seam)
W :(9)
W(10)
(reinforced "on center" drive cleat) (T- connector)
WEJ F
--
EF
"S"W(11)W(12)
standing "S" cleat
(angle slip with upward offset)
("S" slip)"S"W(13)(pocket slip) W(14)
(Pittsburgh)W(15)
EJ F
(Fiberglass ducts) J
(Fiberglass)
(Aluminium foil)
(25 mm) K
K K
KEJ FK
--
EF
(Spiral metal ducts) J
(Rolls) K
KEJ FK
(Flexible ducts) J
(600 mm)
K
KEJ FK
(Combination duct systems) J

W
KW
K
K
K
K
--
EF
KEJ F
WEJ F
WEJ F
WEJ F

(Elbows) W
K (90) (45)
KEFEJ FK
(Take-offs)W
EJ FK
--
EF
WEJ F
--
EF
EJ F
--
EF
3 D
4
: (a):(b)
EF90oW(c)EF90oW(d)
--
EF
R1
R2
:(e)
EFWEJ F
Reductions W
K (10 20 cm) (5 cm)
KEJ F
--
EF
(1:7)
:(a)

W(b)
TW(c)
(Take-off)WEJ F
--
EF
W(a)
W(b)
WEJ F
--
EF
(Case study) W
EF
1B
1A
WEJ F
--
EF
WEJ F
KEJ F(2) K
KEJ F(4) K
KEJ F(3)J K
KEJ F(1B) K
EJ F(1A) K
KEJ F(6) K
KEFK
K (shop drawings)
EJ FEJ FEJ FK
KEJ FEJ FEJ F
KEJ F
K
KEJ F
K
--
EF
s=200
s=200
10
4*s
400
(2)WEJ F
U =d
10
150
400
(4)WEJ F
--
EF
1' 2' 3'
L2
L3
L1
B'
A'
1 2
B
2 3
r2
1
r3
(3)WEJ F
--
EF
r3
2'
'
3' 2
A'
1'
r3
r2
r3
L2
L1
B'
L1
L3 L2
(3)WEJ F
--
EF
L 1 =199
L 2 =42
s =200
B1 =124
B2 =182
L2
L1
45
B1
B1
B2
L1
B2
L2
(1B)WEJ F
--
EF
L1
L2
B1 =124
B2 =182
B3 =100
L 1 =217
L2 =60
45
B2
B3
B1
B3
L2
L1
B1
(1A)WEJ F
--
EF
90
R = 220
150
12
2
3
11
10
5
8
12
7
11
10
(5)WEJ F
--
EF
EF
H =30
80 cm
50 cm
= 40 cm
cm
40 cm
(-)
WEJ F
(R W = 1.5)J
WJ
(cm)
(cm)
80
50
40
4030
2530
1530
AB
CD
EF
.
.
.
EF :
W
(shop drawing)
KEJ F
K
K
--
EF
EF
H =30
100 cm
30 cm
60 cm
= 40 cm
cm
EJ F
WEJ F
(cm)
100
30
60
(cm)
4030
(4030) , (2030)
2030
AB
BC
CD
.
.
.
EF :
W (shop drawing)
KEJ F
K
K
--
EF
EF

H =30
70 cm
30 cm
40 cm
60 cm
= 40 cm
F
cm
40 cm
EJ F
WEJ F
W
(cm)
70
30
40
60
40
(cm )
4030
4030
(4030) , (3020)
3020
2030
AB
BC
CD
DE
FG
.
.
.
.
.
EF :
W (shop drawing)
KEJ F
K
K
--
EF
EF
(90) W
W
H
100 cm
= 20 cm
R
= 40 cm
C
60 cm
(-)
WEJ F
K R W
=1.5 J
WJ
(cm)
100
60
(cm)
2040
2040
AB
CD
.
.
EF :
W (shop drawing)
KEJ F
--
EF
EF
EFW
A
D=
100 cm
20 cm
R
C
60 cm
(-)
W(-)
K (R D ) =1.0 J
WJ
(cm)
100
60
(cm)
40 ()
40()
AB
CD
.
.
EF :
W (shop drawing)
KEJ F
--
EF
EF
EFKW
H
60 cm
A
60cm
50 cm
E
25cm
F
30 cm
40 cm
R
K
I
75 cm
60 cm
(-)
EJ F
K (R W ) = 2.0
Ki
W Kii
--
EF
(cm)
50
60
25
30
60
60
75
(cm)
4030
2530
(2520) , (1530)
1530
1530
1530
1530
AB
CD
DE
EF
GH
IJ
KL
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
EF :
W (shop drawing)
KEJ F
K
K
--
EF
K
E3F
K
KW
EF

K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K
K
K
K
K K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

K K
K
K K
K K
K K
--
EF

W
W
KEF
EF
K
KJ
KJ
E pTi F
E FSP F
E pso F
E Pa F
E Pa F
E Pa F
KEF EF
K E
F
KK R D =1.5
--
EF
100 cm
D = 20 cm
R
C
60 cm
(cm)
(cm)
100
60
20
20
AB
CD
.
.
WJ
KJ
E FTP F
E pTo F
E Pa F
E Pa F
E pTi F
E Pa F
--
EF
W EF
(Pittsburgh)
(drive cleats)
("S" slip)"S"
K E
F
KK (R W
A
H =30
= 1.5
80 cm
)
B
50 cm
= 40 cm
cm
40 cm
(cm)
80
50
40
(cm)
4030
2530
1530
--

AB
CD
EF
.
.
.
EF
KWJ
KEFJ
W FSP J
FSP = p so pTi
KW p so
KW pTi
KEFK
KEFEFK
KEPitot TubeFK
KK
??K
K
KK
K
K
KK
K K
KK
KKEJ FEF
--
EF
KK
??K
K
KK
KK
KK
K K
WK
FTP = pTo pTi
KW FTP
KW pTo
KW pTi
KK
(drive cleats)
(Pittsburgh)
("S" slip)"S"
--
EF
EF

INTRODUCTION
K K
W
K J
K J
K J
K J
K J
J
K
K J
Testing
Adjusting W
.
Balancing W
E F
(TAB)
--
EF
(TAB)
--
EF
K W
W
KW
K
KKKK
K (Shop drawings) K
K
K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K(TAB) K
W
K
W
W
K .
K .
W
K K
K K
--
EF
TAB OF AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Measuring instruments) W
Pitot-tube traverse
Calibrated manometer
Inclined manometer
Tachometer
Clamp-on ammeter
Rotating vanes
anemometer
Dial thermometer
Flow meter
Compound gauges
Sling psychrometer
Digital thermometer
--
EF
EF
EFW
W
K K
(Shop drawings) K
K K
K
K
K
K
F K
KE
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
KEJ F(TAB) K
K (Performance data) K
K K
--
EF
( Amp )
(V )
(% )
( C)
o
( C)
o
(mm.w)
(m s ) (m s )
3
.
.
.
.
(TAB) WEJ F
W
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF
EF
EFW
K K
K
K
K K
K K
W K
K
K
K
KEJ F
--
EF
( Amp )
(V )
(% )
( C)
( C)
o
(mm.w)
(m s ) (m s )
3
J

J

J
J
J

J

K
K
(TAB) WEJ F
--
EF
--
EF
EF
KW
K K
K K
K
K
K
K
EF K
K
E F K
K K
K K
K K
--
EF
EF
(VAV)
K K
K(VAV) K
K K
K
K
K K
EJ F K
K
K
K
K
K
K K
K
K
(100% ) K
K
--
EF
EF
EF
.(Induction systems) W
K K
K
KEJ F
K
K
K
K
--
EF
K
E3F
K
W
EF
EF

K (Shop drawings) K
K
K
K K
K K
K K
K(TAB) K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

(TAB) K
K
W
--
EF
E3F
K
W
EF
EF

K K
K
F K
K
K
K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

(TAB) K
K
W
--
EF
E3F
K
W
EVAV F
EF

K
K K
VAV
K
K K
K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

(VAV)
(VAV)
(VAV)
K
K
K
K
--
EF
K
E3F
K
W
E F
EF

E J F
K K
K K
K
K K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

K K
K K
K K
K K
K
W
--
EF
KW
W

K
KKKK
K K
K
K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K(TAB) K
W
K
W
W
K K
K K
W
K K
K K
--
EF

EF
W
EJ F
W
K
EKKKKKF
(C )
K
K
(Clamp-on ammeter)
(Tachometer)
K K
K
KKK
K
K
KK
K
K
K K
--
EF
K
K
K K
K K
J
KKKKKKKKKK
KJ
K(TAB)J
KEJ FJ
FJ
KK
WEF
WEF
J WEF
WEJ F

--
EF
(m s )
( C)
(RPM ) (kW ) ( Amp ) (V )
( C)
( pa ) ( pa ) ( pa )
J
J
(TAB) WEJ F
--
EF
EF
KW
K
K
K K
K
KEF
K
K
K K
K K
(10% ) K
K K
KEJ F(TAB) K
--
EF
(m s )
( C)
(RPM ) (kW ) ( Amp ) (V )
( C)
( pa ) ( pa ) ( pa )
J
J
(TAB) WEJ F
--
EF
EF
EFEFW
(Steam meters)
(Condensate meters)
(Orifice plates meters)

(Venturi meters)
(Pyrometer)

K
K
K
K K
(Non-rising stem) K
K
K
K (500mm )
K K
K
K,
--
EF
EFEF K
K
. K
EJ F K
K
( C)
o
(m s )
Pa
( C)
o
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(TAB) WEJ F
--
EF
EF
(Testing of cooling towers) W
WEJ F
K (15% ) J
K (30% ) J
K (6o C ) J
K (5% )
W
: .
K (0.1o C )
K (0.1o C )
K
K (0.1o C )
W K
K
WEJ F
--
EF
W
K
K
K K
K K
K(Cavitation) K
K
K
K K
K K
K K

(m s )
( C)
( C)
o
( C)
(m s )
3
(m s )
.
.
.
WEJ F
W
--
EF
EF
W
W
K K
K(TAB)
K
(TAB)
K( Shop drawingsF K
K K
F K
KE
K (NO & NC) K
--
EF
EF
EF
KW
W
K
--
EF
EF
KW
W
K K
K
K
K K
--
EF
EF
.(DDC) W
K

K
(Adaptive control)
K K
K
K
(DDC) K
K
--
EF
E3F
K
KW
EF

K K
K K
K K
K
K
K
K
K K
K(TAB) K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

K
K K
K
K
K
--
EF
E3F
K
KW
EF
EF

K
K

K
K (500mm )
K
K
K
,
K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

.
. K
--
EF
K
E3F
K
KW
EF
EF

(Cavitation)
K K
K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

--
EF
E3F
K
KW
EF
EF

K
K
K
K( Shop drawingsF
K K
K
K (NO & NC)
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

EF K
(DDC) .
K
W
--
EF
K K
K K
K K
K K
K K
K
(TAB)
W
K
W
K .
K .
W
K K
K K
--
EF
Measurement of Indoor Air Quality

EF
KW
W
(Ventilation rates)
W
EPitot-tube traverse)
(Hot-wire anemometer)
E CO 2 Gas tracer)
EJ F
CO 2
WEJ F
--
EF
K
KEJ F
(m s )
3
CO 2
K
K
( ppm )

WEJ F
W K
%outside air (OSA) =
C r C s
C r C o
C r =
C s =
CO 2
CO 2
C o = CO 2
%(OAS ) =

(ASHRAE)
CO 2
WEJ F
--
EF
J F CO 2
E
( ppm )

3
m s
( )
CO 2

( ppm )
500
0.01
800
650
0.007
1000
1050
0.005
1400
2050
0.0025
2400
W ( ppm )
CO 2 WEJ F
E CO 2 350 ppm F
CO 2 (ASHRAE) K
K 600 ppm
W
CO 2
K[Demand controlled ventilation(DCV)]
--
EF
EF
W
[Sound pressure level measurement(SPL)]
W
(Precision sound level meter)
(dB)
(Sound analyzers)
K (Noise dosimeter)
K(dBA) (A-weighted sound level)
Stethoscope
W
K K
K K
K
K (dBA)
--
EF
F (Background
noise) K
WEKKK
KEJ F K
NC 30
K NC 50
E dB F
20-25
25-30
30-40
35-45
40-65
WEJ F
--
EF
EF
EF
(Vibration testing) W
W
KEF
KEF
(Sound level meters)
(VibrometersF
(Stethoscope)
(Accelerometer)
K K
K K
K
K
K K
K K
KEJ F K
--
EF
(RMS )
(mm s )
3.3
3.3
2.3
.
.
EKKKF .
. WEJ F
--
EF
K
E3F
W
K
EF

K K
K
K
K K
K K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

K K
K
K
K K
K K
K
K
K
W
--
EF

TAB REPORT FOR A CENTRAL A/C SYSTEM
W
(Index)
(PrefaceF
(Measuring instruments)
K(TAB)EF
KKKKK
F
E
KE RPM F
K
K
--
EF
(Terminal boxes)
F
KE
(Air distribution devices)

K
KEF
K
(Supply / Exhaust fansFL

K
K
K
--
EF
(Water coils)
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
(Pumps)
K
K
K
(Water chillers) K
K
K
K
--
EF
K (100% )
(Cooling towers) K
K
3
. m s & Tons of cooling
K
K
K
K
. (Rated)
(Boilers) K
KEF (Rated capacity)
--
EF
K
E3F
K
W
EF

W K
J
(VAV)J
KK
(TAB) K
EF
? ???
--
EF
KW
KW

K
K
(TAB)
K
K
W
--
EF
W
W
K EF
E
F
K
K
( Amp ) (V )
(% )
( C)
o
( C)
o
(mm.w)
(m s ) (m s )
3
.
.
.
K EF
K E
F
CO 2
( ppm )
K
K
--
EF
EF
E
F
WK
(RPM ) (kW ) ( Amp ) (V )
(m s )
3
( C)
( C)
(Pa ) (Pa ) (Pa )

.

.
K EF
W E
F
(m s )
( C)
( C)
o
( C)
(m s )
(m s )
.
.
.
--
EF
KW
KW
KW
W
E CO 2 Gas tracer) EF
WEF
%outside air (OSA) =
C r C s
C r C o
C r =
C s =
CO 2
CO 2
C o = CO 2
%(OAS ) =
K
K
(C )
K
(RPM )
--
EF
W
()
W
K (15% ) J
K (30% ) J
K (6o C ) J
K (5% )
K
K
K K
K K
(Cavitation)
K
K
K K
K K
K K
--
EF
Glossary
All-air systems
All-water systems
Air-water systems
ASHRAE
Air washer
Aspect ratio
Aluminium foil
ASTM
Air vents
Air changes per hour
Air contamination
Air cleaning
Air filters
Air sterilization
Activated carbon
Activated alumina
Air mixing
Angle valve
Anchors
AEPA
Air distribution patterns
Air outlets
AGA
- -
EF
Air-cooled
Anemometer
EF
Adaptive control
Accelerometer
Adjusting
Balancing damper
BMS
Bellow
Bushing
Butterfly valve
Bonnet
Branch
Boiler
Boiler selection
Background noise
Balancing
Conventional systems
Centralized maintenance
Constant volume
Closed system
Changeover system
Chilled ceiling
Control damper
Ceiling diffuser
Converging transition
- -
EF
Copper
Coupling
Check valve
Composition disc
Compression tank
Cleaning agents
Charged media filters
Changeable filters
Central air conditioning
Case study
Chiller
Chiller performance
C.O.P
Condensing unit
Calibrated manometer
Clamp-on Ammeter
Cooling tower
Damper
Dual duct
Direct return
Duct design
Diverging transition
Duct insulation
Duct manufacturing
Disc
Dry filter
- -
EF
Discoloration
Dust spot
DOP
DDC
Drop
Drive cleats
D.O.E)(Department Of Energy
Dial thermometer
Digital thermometer
DCV
Dosimeter
dB
EF
Economy of operation
Equal friction method
Equivalent length
Expansion joints
Expansion loops
Expansion tank
Equipment
Electronic filters
Face & by-pass dampers
Fan-coil unit
Fittings
Fiberglass
Flexible hose
- -
EF
Flange
Face area
Fine filters
Filter efficiency
Flexible wedge disc
Filters performance criteria
Face velocity
Fouling factor
Forced circulation
Flow meter
Globe valve
Gate valve
Gaseous contaminants
Grille
Galvanized sheet metal
Gauge
Gravity flow
Gas tracer
Hotel
HVAC
Hangers
Hand wheel
HEPA filters
Heating value
Hot-wire anemometer
I
- -
EF
Induction unit
IHVE
Irritation & allergic response
Indoor air quality
Ionizing type filter
Installation
IBR
Inclined manometer
Index
Location
Loss coefficient
Logsheet
Multi-zone unit
Mitered elbow
Medium grade black steel
Measuring instruments
Nominal size
Nipple
Needle valve
Non-rising stem
Narrow seat
NIOSH
NO
NC
NC
- -
EF
On-off control
Offset
Odor
Odor threshold
Occupants
Operation
Orifice meter
Primary air
Plenum ceiling
Pressure drop
Pressure loss
Pleated elbow
Polyurethane
Plug valve
Packing nut
Plug cock
Precipitators
Package water chiller
PH
Pitot-tube
Performance data
Pyrometer
ppm
Preface
Pump
Q
- -
EF
Quiet operation
Reheat system
Reverse return
Recessed light
Residual velocity
Register
Round diffuser
Return air
Roll-type
Regulating valve
Rising stem
Resistance
Reduction
Single duct
Single zone
Simplicity
Single piping system
Secondary air
Sprayers
Supermarket
Spread
Slot diffuser
Supply devices
Square diffuser
Schedule number
- -
EF
Steel
Slip type
Spring hanger
Stem
Screw
Stuffing
Split wedge disc
Sick building syndrome
Self cleaning filter
Selection
Scattered lights
Staggered
Snap lock
Seam
Spiral
Steam meter
Stethoscope
SPL
Sling psychrometer
Shop drawings
Terminal unit
Transmission loads
Terminal velocity
Temperature differential
Take-off
Tee
ETF
- -
EF
Toxicity
Thermal efficiency
Throw
TAB
Tachometer
Testing
Volume control damper
VAV unit
VAV system
Vibration
Vibration isolators
Vapor barrier
Valve
Ventilation
Viscous
Viscous impingement filter
Vibrometer
Wrought iron
Wedge
Washable filter
Water treatment
Water-cooled
Zone
- -
EF
REFERENCES

Carrier Air Conditioning Company, 1965 "Handbook Of Air Conditioning

1.
System Design" McGraw-Hill.
ASHRAE Handbook, 1999 "HVAC Applications"
2.
rd
Edward G. Pita, 1998 "Air Conditioning Principles And Systems" 3 .
3.
Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, Columbus, Ohio.
Edward G. Pita, 1981 "Air Conditioning Principles And Systems: An Energy
4.
Approach" 3rd. Edition, John Willey & Sons, Inc.
nd
W. P Jones, 1997 "Air Conditioning Applications And Design" 2 Edition,
5.
John Willey & Sons, Inc. New York-Toronto.
Whitman. Johnson & Tomczyk, 2000 "Refrigeration And Air Conditioning
6.
Technology" 4th Edition, Delmar.
Althouse. Turnquist. Bracciano, 1996 "Modern Refrigeration And Air
7.
Conditioning" The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
Faye & Parker, 1994 "Heating, Ventilating And Air Conditioning" Analysis
8.
& Design. 4th Edition, , John Willey & Sons, Inc.
Shan. K. Wang, 1994 "Handbook Of Air Conditioning And Refrigeration"
9.
McGraw-Hill.
Trane Company, 1999 "Installation, Operation, Maintenance Manual"
10.
Trane Company, 1999 "Chiller Performance Data Manual"
11.
Tomas. E. Mull "Hvac Principles And Applications Manual" McGraw-Hill.
12.
EJ FK
13.
EJ FK
14.
FK
15.
J
J
KE
--
EF
Nomenclature
kg / s
m& w
kg
Air mass flow rate
kg / s
m& a
Air density
kg / m 3
Static pressure
Pa
ps
Dynamic pressure
Pa
pd
Velocity pressure
Pa
pv
Total pressure
Total Pressure
difference
Fan static pressure
Pa
pT
Pa
p T
Pa
FSP
Fan total pressure
Pa
FTP
Air pressure
Pa
pa
Specific heat of water

Coefficient of
performance
Energy efficiency
ratio
Air volume
kJ kgK
c pw
COP
EER
m3
Va
Dry bulb temperature
Tdb
Wet bulb temperture
Twb
Relative humidity
RH
Ton of Refrigeration
TR
TR
Internal temperature
Ti
Outside temperature
Supply air
temperature
Temperature
difference
Velocity
To
TS
Water mass flow rate

mass
--
EF
Area
m2
Radius
mm
Diameter
mm
Width
mm
Height
mm
Loss coefficient
Equivalent length
Discharge (volume
flow rate)
efficiency
Steady state
efficiency
Thermal efficiency
Mechanical
efficiency
Air change per hour
E .L
m 3 s 1
ss
th
hr 1
ACH
CL
WATTS
Water horsepower
hp
WHP
Brake horsepower
hp
BHP
Manometric head
mm.w
Current
Voltage
Heating value
Rate of fuel
consumption
concentration CO 2
kcal
Cooling load
Power
m3
m3
h
H.V
ppm
Sound pressure level
dB
SPL
Noise criteria
dB
NC
Throw
T
--
EF

EF
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EF

Study of water chillers & boilers performance

E 29.4C F 85 F KE 7.2C F 45 F E12.8C F 55F

0.0005 KE 35C F 95F

Condenser Entering Water Temp. F

(Packaged water chiller ratingsFWEJ

28.1 T.R PCW 030T

K TRANE E"R" Series Air Cooled Liquid ChillersF

EER 158 KW 145.9 T.R

E Watt FE BTUH F EER F

) F Entering Condenser Air Temperature (

E I comp 1 I comp 2 I comp 3 I comp 4 FKECompressorF

Qtotal = # of pumps Q pump

EFor one chillerF

Pin chiller (KW )

I total ( Amps) C.Lchiller ( KW )

Pin chiller (KW )

I total ( Amps) C.Lchiller ( KW )

(Boilers selection) WEF K

(The hydronics institute)

(Natural and L.p. Propane FWEJ F

American Gas Association (A.G.A)

Department of Energy (D.O.E)

Hydronic Institute for Boiler Ratings (I.B.R)

Percent CO2 in Combustion Gas

Quantity of Air Supplied

BTU = 0.25 kcal

Installation, operation and maintenance of w.chillers & boilers

(Comp. loading sequence)

System No. ....

Refrig. Suction pressure

System air degrees

W TRANE E"R" Series Air Cooled Liquid ChillersF

) F Entering Condenser Air Temperature (

Pin chiller (KW )

I total ( Amps) C.Lchiller ( KW )

C.L 125.9 3.52

I total = I comp 1 + I comp 2 + I comp 3 + I comp 4

I total = 58 + 63 + 60 + 61 = 242 Amps

Pin = 3 242 380 0.9 = 119.4 kW

Pin chiller (KW )

I total ( Amps) C.Lchiller ( KW )

(200000 Btu h ) 50000 kcal h

(208700 Btu h ) 52175 kcal h (I.B.R)(GG-300)

pT = 314 + 256 = 570 Pa

KEJ F KEPitot TubeFK

KEJ F KE Pitot TubeFK

KEJ F KEPitot TubeFK

FTP = pTo pTi

DESIGN & MANUFACTURING OF AIR DUCTS

(Duct design calculations)

(W = 640 , H = 500 mm ) (640 500 mm )

KEJ FEJ FK(Take-off)

KB-18 B-12 , A-6 EF

= 61.425 + 0.6 0.17(7.5) +0.6 0.2 (5.7 )

= 61.425 + 5.738 + 3.899

p s (Fan ) = 109.06 0.75 0.6 (7.5)2 (3.3)2

= 109.06 19.74 = 88.65 Pa (8.87 mm. w)

= 293.76 watts 0.3 kW

(Galvanized sheet ducts) WJ

(drive cleats) :(1)(double"S"slip) :(2)

(reinforced "S" cleat) W(3)(button punch snap lockFW(4)

("S" slip)"S"W(13)(pocket slip) W(14)

(Spiral metal ducts) J