Asal Usul Raja-Raja Melayu Nusantara Kerajaan Melayu atau dalam bahasa Cina ditulis Ma-La-Yu () merupakan sebuah

nama kerajaan yang berada di Pulau Sumatera. Diasaskan pada abad ke-7 yang berpusat di Minanga (Minangkabau), pada abad ke-13 yang berpusat di Dharmasraya dan diawal abad ke 15 berpusat di Pagaruyung. Kerajaan ini berada di pulau Swarnabumi yang oleh para pendatang disebut sebagai pulau emas , dan pada awalnya mempunyai kemampuan dalam mengawal perdagangan di Selat Melaka sebelum direbut oleh Kerajaan Sriwijaya pada tahun 682. Penggunaan kata Melayu, telah dikenal sekitar tahun 100-150 seperti yang tersebut dalam buku Geographike Sintaxis karya Ptolemy yang menyebutkan maleu-kolon. Dan kemudian dalam kitab Hindu Purana pada zaman Gautama Buddha terdapat istilah Malaya dvipa yang bermaksud tanah yang dikelilingi air. Sebelum WZWH membawa pembaca menerobos ke zaman silam perlu faham bahawa sebelum kedatangan Islam, Raja-Raja Melayu mengamalkan agama Hindu-Buddha dan animisme. Sudah tentu budaya bahasa Shanskrit, tulisan Pallava lebih kepada pengaruh India. Tapak situs purbakala ini terletak di lembah Bujang, di selatan Alor Star, ibu kota Kedah. Nama Bujang berasal dari bahasa Sankrit: bhujanga yang bererti 'ular'. Lembah ini membentang dari Gunung Jerai di utara hingga muara Sungai Muda di selatan. Situs purbakala ditemukan di sekitar tepian Sungai Muda yang merupakan bekas pusat pelabuhan niaga Kedah Lama sejak abad ke-5 masehi. Pelabuhan Kataha atau Kadaram (Kedah) dan peradaban Lembah Bujang mempunyai hubungan perdagangan yang erat dengan kawasan sekitarnya, China dan India. Pelabuhan ini merupakan salah satu pelabuhan penghubung jalur perdagangan laut antara China dan India. Perkembangan pelabuhan niaga Kedah sering dikaitkan dengan kerajaan Sriwijaya. Disebutkan Sriwijaya menaklukkan Kedah dan Langkasuka. Langkasuka adalah negara yang dahulu terletak di kawasan Thailand selatan dan Kedah saat ini. Menurut catatan sejarah dinasti Liang 505-556. Kota Langkasuka didirikan sekitar abad ke-2. Langkasuka juga tercatat dalam Negarakertagama sebagai salah satu negara sahabat Majapahit. Langkasuka pada awalnya berada di bawah pengaruh Funan. Namun pada masa di antara 685-689 Langkasuka menjadi bagian dari Sriwijaya.

Sulalatu'l Salatin menguraikan silsilah dari para raja di kawasan Melayu, bermula dari kedatangan Sang Sapurba keturunan Iskandar Zulkarnain, kemudian Sang Sapurba menjadi Maharajadiraja di Minangkabau, dan dari tokoh ini raja-raja di kawasan Melayu diturunkan. Selanjutnya terdapat kisah salah seorang putra Sang Sapurba dari perkawinannya dengan Wan Sundaria, Putri Demang Lebar Daun, penguasa Palembang, yang bernama Sang Nila Utama bergelar Sri Tri Buana mendirikan Singapura dan putranya yang lain, Sang Mutiara disebutkan menjadi raja di Tanjungpura. Sementara gelar Sang Nila Utama tersebut mirip dengan gelar Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa dalam Prasasti Padang Roco yang bertarikh 1286, merupakan Maharaja di Bumi Melayu yang mendapat kiriman hadiah Arca Amoghapasa dari Kertanagara Maharajadiraja Singhasari. Kemudian pada tahun 1347, Adityawarman menambah pahatan aksara pada bagian belakang Arca Amoghapasa tersebut, dan menyebutkan memulihkan kerajaan sebelumnya kemudian dinamainya Malayapura, serta ia sendiri menyandang gelar Maharajadiraja. Menurut kitab Sulalatus Salatin, Bukit Seguntang merupakan tempat datangnya Sang Sapurba, keturunan Iskandar Zulkarnain, yang dikemudian hari menurunkan raja-raja Melayu di Sumatera, Kalimantan Barat, dan Semenanjung Malaya. Bukit Seguntang diibaratkan sebagai potongan Gunung Mahameru dalam kepercayaan Hindu-Buddha, dan dianggap suci karena merupakan cikal bakal orangorang Melayu. Raja yang memerintah di Melaka dikatakan sebagai keturunan Sang Sapurba. Bukit Siguntang terletak di bagian barat kota Palembang dan berjarak sekitar tiga kilometer di sebelah barat laut Karanganyar. Bukit Siguntang juga dikenal dan dipercaya sebagai kompleks pemakaman raja-raja Melayu. Menurut Schnitger dari situs ini banyak ditemukan berbagai jenis tinggalan budaya masa lampau. SALAKANEGARA.TARUMANEGARA.SRI WIJAYA PENDIRI DAN ASAL USUL RAJA RAJA MELAYU SE NUSANTARA SRI BAGINDA MAHA RAJA PURNAWARMAN(Alexandra Agung/Dzulkarnain) SRI HJ JAYANASA DEPUHYANTANG(Sang Sapurba) Dari Sang Sapurba melahirkan Raja/ Kesultanan Melaka. Seterusnya Sultan Johor Pahang Riau Lingga, Terengganu, Perak, dll.

GENEALOGY Raja Iskandar Zulkarnain ('Alexander of the two horns'), the legendary ancestor of all the major Malay dynasties. m. Tuan Putri Shah ul-Bariah d/o Raja Kida Hindi I Raja Aristun Shah I Raja Aftas I Raja Sabur I Raja Amtabus I Raja Kudar Zakuhun I Raja Ardeshir Babegan m. a d/o Raja Nushirwan Adil I Raja Dermanus I Shah Tersi I

Raja Zamrut I Raja Tersi Berderas m. d/o Raja Sulan of Amdan (s/o Raja Kibad Shahriar and g/s/o Raja Nushirwan Adil) I Raja Suran of Amdan (with whom we treat) Raja Suran, Raja of Amdan, son of Raja Tersi Berderas, by his wife, a daughter of Raja Sulan, Raja of Amdan. Succeeded his maternal grandfather as ruler of Amdan. m. (first) Tuan Putri Zaris, niece of Shah Johan. Raja of Gongga, in the Dindings, Perak. m. (second) Tuan Putri Onang-kiu, daughter of Raja Chulan. m. (third) Tuan Putri Mahtab ul-Bahri, daughter of Raja Aftab ul-Ardl. He had issue, three sons by his his first, one daughter by his second, and three sons by his third wife:

1) Sri Bijitram Shah, Raja of Chandukani (s/o Zaris). Ancestor of the rulers of Minangkabau. 2) Sri Paludatani, Raja of Amdan (s/o Zaris). Succeeded his father as ruler of Amdan. Ancestor of the rulers of Tanjong Pura. 3) Sri Nilathanam [Nila Manam], Raja of Bijanegara (Vijayanegara?) (s/o Zaris). He had issue, a son: a) Adi Viranama Raja Mudaliar, Raja of Keling (Kalingga?). He had issue, a son: i) Raja Jambuga Rama Mudaliar, Raja of Keling. He had issue, a daughter: (1) Tuan Putri Nila Panjadi. m. Paduka Sri Vikrama Vira [Pekerma Wira], Raja of Singapura Temasek, elder son of Sri Maharaja Sang Nila Utama Parameswara, Batara Sri Tribuwana, younger son of Sri Nila Pahlawan, Sri Maharaja Sang Sapurba, by his wife, Wan Sri Bini, Ratu Chandra Puri. She had issue - see below. 4) Raja Aftab ul-Ardl Sri Nila Pahlawan, Sri Maharaja Sang Sapurba [Nila Pahlawan Sang Sri Prabhu Dharma Sena Tribuwana], Paduka Sri Trimurti Tribuwana (s/o Mahtab ul-Bahri). He arrived in Palembang with his two brothers and was acknowledged as ruler after making a pact with Demang Lebar Duan. He then moved to Bintan where he was adopted by the Ratu Permaisuri, widow of Iskandar Shah, by whom he was made ruler of that place. m. thirty-nine wives, who all developed a skin disease after consummation. m. (fortieth) after his coronation, Tuan Putri Wan Sendari, daughter of Demang Lebar

Daun, former ruler of Andelas, Perlembang, by his wife, Tuan Telanai, of Bintan. He had issue, two sons and two daughters: Copyright Christopher Buyers a) Sri Maharaja Sang Maniaka [Sang Mutiaga] (s/o Wan Sendari). m. a daughter of the ruler of Tanjungpura. b) Sri Maharaja Sang Utama, Batara Sri Tribuwana (s/o Wan Sendari) - see below. a) Putri Chandra Devi (d/o Wan Sendari). m. at Tanjungpura, Java, Putra Asmara ning-Rat, grandson of the Batara of Majapahit. She had issue, two sons: i) Radin Inu Merta Wangsa, ruler of Majapahit. ii) Radin Mas Pamari. b) Putri Sri Devi (d/o Wan Sendari). c) Putri Mengindra Devi. m. a Chinese. 5) Sri Krishna Pandita (s/o Mahtab ul-Bahri). m. Wan Malini, a widow. Ancestor of the rulers of Tanjungpura. 6) Sri Nila Utama, Bendahara (s/o Mahtab ul-Bahri). Ancestor of the rulers of Minangkabau. 1) Tuan Putri Chandani Wasis (d/o Onang-kiu). m. Raja Hiran. She had issue, a son: a) Raja Chulan. Copyright Christopher Buyers 1324 - 1372* Sri Maharaja Sang Utama Parameswara, Batara Sri Tribuwana**, younger son of Sri Maharaja Sang Sapurba [Nila Pahlawan Sang Sri Prabhu Dharma Sena Tribuwana], Paduka Sri Trimurti Tribuwana, by his wife, Tuan Sandari. Succeeded his father. Removed himself from Bintan to Temasek (water town) ca 1324, where he defeated and killed the local ruler, a vassal of Ayuthya (Siam) and established the new city of Singapura (lion city). He maintained control over Temasek for 48 years. Confirmed as ruler over Temasek by an envoy of the Chinese Emperor ca 1366. m. Radin Ratna Chandra Puri, daughter of Ratu Sakadar Shah [Wan Sri Bini/Benian], Raja Perempuan of Bintan, daughter of Raja Ishar Shah, and granddaughter of Ratu Permaisuri Iskandar Shah***, widow of the first recorded Muslim ruler of Bintan. He d. at Singapore, ca 1372, having had issue, two sons:

1) Raja Kechil Besar, who succeeded as Paduka Sri Bikrama Vira di-Raja [Pekerma Wira], Raja of Temasek - see below. 2) Raja Kechil Muda****. m. Radin Lasmi Puri, granddaughter of a sibling of Demang Lebar Daun. Copyright Christopher Buyers

1372 - 1386 Paduka Sri Bikrama Vira di-Raja [Pekerma Wira], Raja of Temasek, elder son of Sri Maharaja Sang Utama Parameswara, Batara Sri Tribuwana. Styled Raja Kechil Besar before his accession. Attacked several times by Radin Inu Merta Wangsa of Majapahit, and the city burned and its inhabitants put to the sword by a Palembang invasion in 1377. m. at Singapore, Tuan Putri Nila Panjadi [Tilai Puchudi], of the line of Raja Suran and daughter of Raja Jambuga Rama Mudaliar, Raja of Keling (or Kalinga, in South India). He d. at Temasek, ca 1386, having had issue, including an eldest son:

1) Raja Muda, who succeeded as Paduka Sri Ratna Vira Vikrama di-Raja, Raja of Temasek - see below. Copyright Christopher Buyers 1386 - 1399 Paduka Sri Ratna Vira Vikrama di-Raja [Paduka Seri Rana Wira Kerma], Raja of Temasek, eldest son of Paduka Sri Bikrama Vira di-Raja, Raja of Temasek, by his wife, Tuan Putri Nila Panjadi. Styled Raja Muda before his accession. m. a daughter of Tun Perpatih Permuka Berjayar. He d. at Singapore, ca 1399, having had issue, two sons and a daughter, including:

1) Dharmaraja [Desia Raja], who succeeded as Paduka Sri Maharaja Parameswara, Raja of Temasek - see below. 1) A daughter. m. Bendahara Sri Maharaja Indra Purba, son of Tun Perpatih Tulus. She had issue: a) Bendahara Sri Amar di-Raja. m. Tun Ratna Wati, daughter of Mani Purindan, by his wife, Tun Ratna Sundari, daughter of Tun Perpatih Besar, Sri Nara di-Raja. He had issue - see Malacca (Bendahara). a) Sri Samarang Jaya [Hsi-li-sa-ma-lan-cha-ya, nephew of Parameswara]. Envoy to Nanking 27th July 1412. b) Jaya di-Raja [Sai-ti-la-che, nephew of Parameswara]. Envoy to Peking 20th September 1413. Copyright Christopher Buyers 1399 - 1413 Paduka Sri Maharaja Parameswara*, Raja of Malacca, son of Paduka Sri Ratna Vira Vikrama di-Raja, Raja of Temasek, educ. privately. Succeeded as ruler of Singapura Temasek on the death of his father, ca 1399. Expelled from Temasek by the Batara of Majapahit working in collusion with the Bendahara, Sang Ranjuna Tapa, 1401. Removed to Muar, on the mainland, then to Bertam (when aged no more than eighteen years??). Received several Chinese envoys and trading missions, and recorded as paying homage to the Chinese Emperor 3rd October 1405. He visited China together with his wife and son and a retinue of 540 persons, being received at Nanking on 14th August 1411 and remaining three months before returning to Malacca. m. (first) Raja Permaisuri, a niece of Batara Tumapel [Tamurel], of Majapahit in Java. m. (second) Devi Putri, daughter of Tun Perpatih Tulus Tulus I, sometime Bendahara. He d. at Bertam, late 1413, having had issue, including:

1) Sri Wangsa di-Raja [Sa-li-wang-la-cha, elder brother of Mu-kan-sa-yu-ti-er-sha and son of Pai-li-mi-sula). Received by the Emperor of China on 3rd September 1418 as Sa-li-wang-la-cha, envoy and elder brother of Mu-kan-sa-yu-ti-er-sha and son of Pai-li-mi-su-la. 2) Raja Muda Paduka Sri Ratna Adivikrama di-Raja [Seri Rama Adikerma], who succeeded as Paduka Sri Sultan Iskandar Shah [Mu-kan-sa-yu-ti-er-sha], Sultan of Malacca (s/o Devi Putri) - see below.