UNDERFLOOR & DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION

A Product Guide for Sustainable Design

PRICE WORKS HARD TO PROMOTE THE USE OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING materials and innovative air distribution technologies to improve the air quality and environment integrity of buildings. Price has a long history of designing and promoting products that are energy efcient and ideal for Green Building designs. Price is committed to the continual introduction of new products and systems that further the goals outlined by the USGBC.

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GR EEN INITIAT IVE S

Price has been a member of the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) for almost three years. This membership allows us to comment on new green building programs, such as the LEED program, and take an active role in the maintenance of such programs. Price is committed to sustainable design and has made efforts to design products and employee manufacturing techniques that promote these ideals. This support is obvious in the development of products for Displacement Ventilation, Underoor Air Distribution, Personal Control (Prodigy, Varitherm) and Fan Terminals with ECM Motors, but also in the way that Price conducts business everyday. Some of the efforts E.H. Price has recently made to reduce environmental impact of the manufacturing processes are: Our high tech paint line allows us to consistently paint product with a durable nish, free of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), while producing nearly zero waste. The powder that does not make it onto a product is collected and used for the next batch. Increasing the speed of the paint line has allowed us to turn off the ovens for hours at a time. Price has begun converting the cooling of our spot welders from a continuous ow of potable city water to dedicated chillers; a big win for water efciency. We are installing T5 lighting in our new building, which is expected to reduce lighting energy consumption by 30%. Price has recently been involved in two green events. First, Price had a booth at the USGBCs annual conference, Greenbuild. Price is well on its way to becoming the leading manufacturer of air distribution equipment in the green market. We were the only manufacturer of displacement ventilation products to have a booth at the show. This product line was a shining star at Greenbuild, boosted by several technical sessions discussing the merits of displacement ventilation systems, one speaker even mentioned how happy he is with the Price displacement outlets he specied and were installed last year. Look for more information on Prices Green Journey and be sure to stop by our booth at next years conference in Denver, November 15 - 17, 2006. Second, in mid November, Price held a Sustainable Building Seminar in Las Vegas, NV which focused on Displacement Ventilation and Underoor Air Distribution. This event was tailored to the local market and much of the discussion focused on how these technologies relate to the markets for casinos and large public spaces such as theaters, libraries and lobbies. This event

The Edgewater Casino in Vancouver, BC Canada

DF1Rs are installed along the wall near the gaming tables on the upper level

Radio Shack Headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas USA

was a great success with an attendance of over 90 engineers, architects, mechanical reps and contractors from California and Nevada to Michigan and New Jersey. Attendees learned about the advantages of DV and UFAD, with emphasis on the local building issues. As such, a lot of time was spent on the Indoor Air Quality advantages offered by DV and UFAD systems. DV and UFAD are the perfect air distribution solutions to buildings that permit smoking or have other IAQ considerations due to the general upward air ow.

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A IR D IS TR IBUT ION T E CHNOL OGI E S

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE Energy Performance
UFAD UFAD provides many opportunities for reducing the energy consumption typical of a traditional overhead air delivery system. Due to the air outlets being at oor level, the mixing zone usually only extends from the oor to approximately 6ft above the oor. ASHRAE standard 55 limits the combination of air velocity and temperature according to Figure 4. Additionally, when an underoor plenum is used, conduction through the oor causes the oor surface temperature to be slightly warmer than the supply air temperature. As a result, the typical cooling supply air temperatures should be approximately 10oF higher than with overhead mixing ows in order to maintain comfort conditions and ensure that the oor is not so cold as to cause discomfort. The decreased mixing zone, (Figure 1), dramatically reduces the cooling air capacity required to satisfy the cooling load as the warmest air has naturally risen to the ceiling level and remains there, outside of the mixed zone. The lesser cooling requirements and higher supply air temperatures often lead to similar supply air volumes as in overhead air distribution. The total room loads have not changed, and therefore, due to the higher supply air temperature and stratication above the mixing zone, the return air temperature of a UFAD system is substantially higher than for a mixed system. The increased return air temperature and supply air temperature contribute to an increased chiller COP, providing energy savings. Higher supply temperatures extend the free cooling band, the hours in the day where the ventilation system can use outdoor air to cool the building; in some climates (where humidity is less of an issue) this leads to increased use of the economizer, an excellent way to reduce energy consumption. Further energy savings are realized with the reduced air pressure required for the system. UFAD installations typically work at a plenum pressure of < .1" wg, reducing duct static pressure and the fan requirements for the system. Reducing the fan requirements usually means that smaller equipment can be sized. A secondary benet is a reduction in the cost of the HVAC equipment. Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation affords many of the energy savings of UFAD. Due to the diffusers being at oor level and their low velocity and low induction supply, the mixing zone is virtually eliminated. With little or no entrainment of room air, the supply air ows along the oor until it is caught in a thermal plume from a
FIGURE 1 Typical UFAD Room Air Dynamics

FIGURE 2 Displacement Ventilation

person, machinery or other heat source, delivering air only to the areas that require it (Figure 2), dramatically reducing the cooling load. As there is limited entrainment of room air, the temperatures at the oor level are often very near supply air temperature. Thermal comfort criteria stipulate that the supply air temperature be similar to those of UFAD, leading to the same types of energy savings due to equipment size and efciencies. Displacement diffusers generally have low face velocities and very low static pressure losses. Further energy savings can be realized by lower duct static pressures as discussed in the UFAD section. As with a UFAD system, there is an increased opportunity for free cooling and use of an economizer due to the higher supply temperatures. These provide an excellent opportunity for energy savings because the ventilation air can be used for conditioning the space directly, so long as the relative humidity of the outdoor air is acceptable. Many displacement ventilation systems are using auxiliary cooling to manage the majority of the cooling load in the occupied zone; this allows the displacement system to supply enough air to meet the ventilation requirements only. These much lower supply air volumes can lead to signicant reduction in energy consumption on the air side of the mechanical system.

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AIR VELOCITY, m/s

ECM Motors Electrically Commutated Motors have a minimum efciency of 70% throughout their entire operating range. Conventional induction motors become less efcient at the reduced speeds that are typically selected for fan-powered applications. Energy savings of 50 - 60% can be achieved with the ECM motor at normal operating conditions. The ECM motor life is extended due to its low operating temperature and ball bearing design. Price Industries offers ECM motors on all fan-powered terminals for overhead and underoor systems.

0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0

Control of Systems
UFAD Price offers many options for local air delivery control. The Price RFTDA and RFID allow occupants to adjust the ow out of each outlet in the interior zone or direction of primary jet, respectively. These units are typically installed at each workstation, allowing employees to individually control the supply air to their space.

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE, K
0.50 0.45 0.40

AIR VELOCITY, m/s

0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE, K

FIGURE 4 Percentage of Occupants Objecting to Draft in Air-Conditioned Rooms

FIGURE 3 RFTDA & RFID

Overhead Air Distribution The Price Prodigy personal VAV diffuser allows personal control of a zone by use of an optional thermostat or infrared remote control. These diffusers are an ideal solution to providing personal control in an ofce environment.

Displacement Ventilation Due to the fact that air is introduced at low velocity and at oor level, there is minimal entrainment of room air. Displacement diffusers are designed to introduce air at a higher temperature than typical air distribution systems. This is in consideration of ASHRAE 55 which limits the combination of temperatures and velocities which can occur in the occupied zone according to Figure 4. The intent of introducing the supply air at low velocities and levels in the space is to stratify the zone. Another stipulation in ASHRAE 55 is that the maximum temperature gradient allowed from ankle to head level is 5oF (3oC); the ideal temperature gradient in the occupied zone is approximately 4oF (2oC). Care must be taken when designing these types of systems not to over-stratify the zone by underestimating the cooling load or to sub cool the space by overestimating the load.

Thermal Comfort
UFAD Underoor air distribution swirl diffusers are designed to have high induction rates with short penetration into the room. They also tend to cause little disturbance of the surrounding air, allowing them to be located in the work area. The mixing that occurs in the occupied zone causes consistent temperature throughout the occupied zone and a thermally comfortable environment.

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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

UFAD Generally, underoor air distribution mixes the occupied zone, while having sufciently low penetration levels to cause a stratication layer above it. This promotes a general upward movement of air as warm, contaminated air is removed from the stratied zone, being replaced by fresh supply air from below. Displacement Ventilation Displacement ventilation presents an opportunity to improve both the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) of the occupied space. Displacement ventilation takes advantage of the difference in air density between an upper contaminated zone and a lower clean zone as illustrated in Figure 5. Cool air is supplied at low velocity into the lower zone. Convection from heat sources creates vertical air motion into the upper zone where high level return outlets extract the air. In most cases these convection heat sources are also the contamination sources, (people or equipment) thereby carrying the contaminants into the upper zone, away from the occupants (Figure 2). Increased Ventilation Effectiveness According to ASHRAE Standard 62, Addendum n, Appendix E, Displacement Ventilation and UFAD both provide a ventilation effectiveness which exceeds that of OHAD. ASHRAE 62.1 requires that the ventilation airow be divided by the ventilation effectiveness. Displacement ventilation and underoor air distribution have typical ventilation effectivenesses ranging from 1.2 to 4 in cooling mode. This can cause a dramatic reduction in the outdoor air requirement and signicant energy savings through reduced conditioning load.

8
Height above floor, z (m)

6.5 5 3.5 2 0

Croom Tplane2 Tplane1

Troom

Contamination, Croom Temperature,

FIGURE 5 Typical Contamination Concentration in an Environment that employs Displacement Ventilation

The Center for the Built Environment Price is pleased to announce its support of and participation in the Center for the Built Environment. The Center for the Built Environment (CBE) is a consortium of industry partners including consulting rms, manufacturers, utilities, the University of California, Berkeley and governmental regulatory bodies. It is a dynamic, collaborative place where people can share ideas for improving the design and operation of commercial buildings. Based in Berkeley, California, the CBE is in the San Francisco Bay area, a hotbed of innovative building design. The CBE is dedicated to furthering our understanding of thermal comfort and innovative design technologies in buildings of all types. These include advanced metrics for human occupancy satisfaction as well as years of research in Underoor Air Distribution.

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Displacement Ventilation
PRODUCT LIST

Product
DF1/DF3 Rectangular Displacement Diffuser Rectangular 1-Way In-Wall Displacement Diffuser 1-Way Diffuser for Recessed Applications Rectangular 1-Way Corner Displacement Diffuser Full Round Displacement Diffuser Half Round Displacement Diffuser Round 180 Displacement Diffuser Round 90 Displacement Diffuser

Description
Flat face diffuser supported by a rigid aluminum frame Easily installs against structural columns Wall mounted displacement diffuser Provided with engineered plenum Fits into standard wall stud spacing Architecturally pleasing & discreetly designed Low air mixing is coupled with low noise levels Flat faced diffuser creates appealing 45 corner detail Nests within corner, ideal for office applications

Image

DF1W

DF1R DF1C

DR360 DR180 DR180U DR90

Low turbulence flow with low velocities Available in Duct Hanging (DH) configurations Low turbulence flow with low velocities Typically placed against a wall or other flat surface High capacity half round diffuser High air volumes with minimized induction Round face corner displacement outlet Ideal for office and classroom applications Architecturally appealing perimeter diffuser Can be supplied with integrated auxiliary heat

DLE/DLE-H Displacement Linear Enclosure

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Underfloor
PRODUCT LIST

Product
RFTD/ RFTDA RFID Round Floor Turbulant Diffuser Round Floor Inclined Diffuser Aluminum Round Floor Horizontal Flow Diffuser Round Floor Variable Air Volume Basket Relative Pressure Node

Description
High induction, short throw diffuser promotes stratification Face adjustable supply air volume (RFTDA only) Inclined jet allows control of supply air direction High induction, short throw diffuser Displacement floor outlet Horizontal air pattern minimizes induction VAV control of round floor diffusers Plug and play connector to Price UFAD controllers Monitors room pressure Hides under standard floor diffusers to keep consistant look

Image

ARFHD DBV

RPN

RFB

Round Floor Boot

Controls air volume through floor diffusers Available in CAV Heating and VAV Cooling as well as CAV models Well suited for perimeter applications Allows for the supply and control of warm and cold supply air from raised floor systems

LFG

Linear Floor Grille

UMC UMCB FDBU

Underfloor Modulating Controller Underfloor Modulating Controller - Box Control Underfloor Fan Powered Terminal Unit Underfloor Fan Powered Terminal Unit

Cooling only VAV controller Controls up to 14 RFBs/LFGs/DBVs Advanced control of UFAD terminals BACnet compliant UFAD controller Clean and efficient design Low noise generation for quiet operation Low noise generation for quiet operation Compact configuration makes for easy install

FDCU

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I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S

2975 Shawnee Ridge Court Suwanee, Georgia USA 30024 Ph: 770.623.8050 Fax: 770.623.6404
I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S

US Head Office, Laboratory & Testing Facilities, Manufacturing Facilities & Distribution Warehouse in Atlanta, Georgia Representation in major US cities

Manufacturing Facilities & Distribution Warehouse in Phoenix, Arizona 999 North Thornton Road Casa Grande, Arizona USA 85222-3809 Ph: 520.423.0515 Fax: 520.423.0517
IN CANADA

Representation in major US cities

638 Raleigh Street Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R2K 3Z9 Ph: 204.669.4220 Fax: 204.663.2715
Y O U R L O C A L P R I C E R E P R E S E N TAT I V E :

Head Office, Export Sales Office, Laboratory & Testing Facilities, Manufacturing Facilities & Distribution Warehouse in Winnipeg, Manitoba Sales Offices or Representation in all major Canadian cities

Printed on 100% Recycled paper with 30% Post Consumer waste.

The founding principles of our company have never changed - business integrity, first-class service and a commitment to people. Price manufacturing endeavours arose from our belief that we could supply superior products and services at a reasonable price. Our mission is to become the worldwide supplier of preference for air distribution products and services. You can rely on Price our products and services with confidence. Product Improvement is a continuing endeavour at Price. Therefore, specifications are subject to change without notice. Consult your Price sales representative for current specifications or more detailed information.
Warranty: The Company warrants and guarantees that all goods within this brochure that have been manufactured by the Company have been manufactured in accordance with the specifications published herein and will be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months from the Bill of Lading issued by the Company. The Company will replace defective product at its option, but will not be responsible for labor or material charges in replacing product or consequential damages. Any installation not conforming with the Companys specifications, manuals, bulletins or instructions or any misuse or any modification not authorized by the Company voids this warranty. This warranty is in lieu of all Provincial, State, and Federal statutory warranties and the conditions herein are in substitution and replacement of which warranties, statutory or otherwise.
Price is a registered trademark of E.H. Price Limited. 2006. Lithographed in Canada 2006

AIR DISTRIBUTION PRODUCTS FOR WORLD-CLASS CITIES

Grilles, Registers & Diffusers

Terminal Units

Underfloor Products

Security Products

Displacement Ventilation

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