Preliminary Data on Floristic Diversity in Middle Flow of Shkumbini River Basin

Ermelinda Gjeta , Alfred Mullaj , Pei Naqellari , Blerina Pupuleku , Alma Imeri .
2 1 2 1 1 3

Department of Biology, A. Xhuvani University, Elbasan, Albania Flora and Fauna Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Albania 3 Department of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania ermelindagjeta@live.com

Abstract
The Shkumbini River basin, has a floristic potential and a diversity of habitats, that both are due to and related with the climateric conditions, specific microclimate, geographic position, relief, geology, hydrogeology, etc.. being so and an indicator for these elements. This rocky area has a Mediterranean climate and it is between two long mountain masifs: Shebeniku mountain at east and Polis Guri i Zi at west. Its floristical richness and habitats diversity, is being reflected beginning from the submerged areas, to the areas that are always above water level. Based on this point of view, we say that the flora and vegetation of this river is divided in two types: the aquatic vegetation and the riparian ones. For this last one, there are small hygrophilous woods which are found in the low areas (near the bed river), with the main species: the willow (Salix alba L.), the white poplar (Populus alba L.). While, from these low areas, in the upper ones, the dominant species are: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Fraxinus angustifolia L., the bayoak (Quercus robur L.), the elm (Ulmus campestris L.), so going on with other species, like: Carpinus orientalis Mill., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Acer pseudoplatanus L. Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Fagus sylvatica L. In the floristical aspect there are nearly 450 species, and if we are based on the great percentage, they present a composition: of nearly 12% Leguminosae, 14% Graminae and 33% Compositae, in the systematic spectrum; of 11% Euro Mediterranean, 9% Mediterranean, 12% Euro Asian in floristic element spectrum; and of 35% Hemicryptophytes, 24% Therophytes and 22%, Phanerophytes life forms spectrum. A particular role play and the threatened and rare plants, like paleoendemic, neoendemic and subendemic species (Forsythia europaea Degen et Bald., Festucopsis serpentini (C. E. Hubbord), Aesculus hippocastanum L., Sideritis raeseri Boiss. et Heldr.). With a great interest are and the hyperaccumulator plants (like Alyssum murale Waldst. et Kit.) which grow up in these serpentine rocks, invasive plants and nearly 200 honey plants, 170 medicinal plants. Having managed natural reserve like Rrajca, Stravaj, Sopoti, Kuturmani, Qarrishta, Polisi, Dardhe Xhyra, and also the National park Rrajce Shebenik, besides the scientific, ecological, cultural, medical values this area, have another great interest for the tourism development.

Key words: Flora, floristic element, biological spectrum, serpentine, rare plants, Shkumbini River
Basin.

Introduction
The floristic richness is part of the biodiversity, which is an essential element of life, for the important socio economic, scientific, educational, cultural, practical and aesthetic values. It forms the basis for the development of many industrial processes and production of some medicines and condition the essence of current problems of pollution and diseaes. (Group of authors. 2007) In this context, the Shkumbini river basin represents a rich area based on its position, where it lays on. This area includes natural reserve like Rrajca, Stravaj, Sopoti, Kuturmani, Qarrishta, Polisi, Dardhe Xhyra, and also the National park Rrajce Shebenik with important and specific values. Viewing in the floristic aspect, it represents a great interes in the diversity of the plant species and theirs habitats, so

BALWOIS 2012 - Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia - 28 May, 2 June 2012

presenting some preliminary data of the floristic diversity, of Shkumbini river basin, in its middle part, is helpfull to recognize a part the flora and vegetation of it, by evaluating, conserving and protecting the area for its special values. (Naqellari, P. 2000, Pupuleku, B. 2006) Our objectives for this study were to: - Identificate the floristic diversity and its values too; - Compilate the floristic list of the area beeing studied, as well as its different spectra; - Present some of the medicinal plants, honey plants and endemic species; - Give an environmental valuation for the state of the plants, and the human influence on the natural situation.

Context
Botany: Floristic diversity

Methodology applied
To study the flora and the plant coverage of a zone, the most known used methods are the two ones (Buzo, K. 1991, Naqellari, P. 1999): PHYSIOGNOMIC METHOD, called structural method, is based on the outer morphological construction of plants cover and in the biological spectrum. According to this method the plants are grouped in some biological spectrums, which are based on the height of the vegetative buds from the earth surface. The Raunchier classification is used here. (Vangjeli, J. 2003) The biological spectrum is a good reflector of the climatic conditions. FLORISTIC METHOD, is based on the identification of the plant species, which are present in their habitats. This plant determination is realized by identifying and nominating them according the appropriate literature being used. (Demiri, M. 1983, 1979, 1979, Group of authors. 2000, Mitrushi, I. 1966, Tutin et al., 1964 - 1980)

Results obtained and discussion

In this article is given a part of the Shkubini river basin floristical potential, from which herbs and honeys plants has been indicated in appropriate table presented below. The floristic list is composed by 453 plant species (Table 1), grouped in 91 families. These plants also present 61 floristic elements and 12 biological spectrums. From these species 135 have medicinal values and 172 are determinated as honey plants (Table 2). The importance of the endemic plants, is because they are found only in a geographical area, presenting data for the past of the ecological factors, specific to that area, and also representing special habitats and flora genetic characteristics. Thus, based on taxonomic classification levels and geographic isolation, the endemic plants, from the floristic list of this area, being studied, are divided into following categories: Paleoendemics: 1- Aesculus hippocastanum L. (figure 1) 2- Festucopsis serpentini (C. E. Hubbord) (Melderis) 3- Forsythia europaea Degen et Bald. 4- Genista hassertiana Bald et Buch. (fig.2) 5- Pinus peuce Griseb. Neoendemics: 1- Agrimonia eupatoria L. 2- Hypericum haplophylloides Halcsy et Bald. Subendemics: 1- Genista hassertiana Bald. et Buchegger 2- Pinus peuce Griseb. Stenoendemics: 1- Festucopsis serpentini (C. E. Hubbord) (Melderis) 2- Forsythia europaea Degen et Bald. 3- Hypericum haplophylloides Halcsy et Bald. 4- Orchis sp. div. Relicts: 1- Aesculus hippocastanum L. 2- Viscum album L.

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Table 1 Floristic list

Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Plant latin name Abies alba Mill. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Acanthus spinosus L. Acer pseudoplatanus L. Achillea millefolium L. Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Aegilops triuncialis L. Aesculus hippocastanum L. Agrimonia eupatoria L. Agropyrum intermedium (Host) P. B. Agropyrum repens (L.) P. B. Aira capillaris Hos Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. Ajuga reptans L. Alisma plantago aquatica L. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Althaea officinalis L. Alyssum murale Waldst. et Kit. Ammi majus L. Anagallis arvensis L. Anchusa officinalis L. Anemone nemorosa L. Anethum graveolens L. Anthemis arvensis L. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Apium nodiflorum (L) Lag. Aquilegia vulgaris L. Arbutus unedo L. Arctium lappa L. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Aristolochia clematitis L. Artemisia absinthium L. Artemisia vulgaris L. Arum italicum Mill. Asarum europaeum L. Asparagus acutifolius L. Asperula aristata L. Asperula arvensis L. Asphodelus albus Mill. Asplenium adiantum nigrum L. Atriplex hastata L. Atropa belladona L. Bellis perennis L. Berberis vulgaris L. Betula pendula Roth. Bidens tripartita L. Blachstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.B. Brachypodium sylvaticum (L.) Huds. Brassica oleraceae L. Briza maxima L. Briza media L. Bromus erectus Huds. Bromus hordeaceus L. Bromus sterilis L. Bryonia cretica L. Family name Pinaceae Malvaceae Acanthaceae Aceraceae Compositae Labiateae Adianthaceae Graminae Hippocastanaceae Rosaceae Graminae Graminae Graminae Labiatae Labiateae Alismataceae Betulaceae Malvaceae Cruciferae Umbelliferae Primulaceae Boraginaceae Ranunculaceae Umbelliferae Compositae Graminae Umbelliferae Ranunculaceae Ericaceae Compositae Ericaceae Aristolochiaceae Compositae Compositae Araceae Aristolochiaceae Liliaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Liliaceae Aspleniaceae Chenopodiaceae Solanaceae Compositae Berberidaceae Betulaceae Compositae Gentianaceae Graminae Graminae Cruciferae Graminae Graminae Graminae Graminae Graminae Cucurbitacae Vitalforms Ph Th H Ph H Ch G Th Ph H G G Th H H Hidroph Ph H H Th Th H G Th Th H H H Ph H Ch H Ch H G H G H Th G G Th H H Ch Ph Th Th H H Th /H Th H H Th /H Th H Floristic element SouthEuropian AfrTropic EasternMedit EuCaucasian EuSiberian SouthEuropian Pantropic EuMedit Balkan Medit SouthEu-SouthSib Circumbor EuMedit EuMedit EuAsian Subcosmop Paleotemp SouthEastEu-SouthSiberian SubBalk EuMedit EuMedit Pontic Circumbor SouthWestAsian Medit EuAsian EuMedit Paleotemp Medit EuAsian ArctAlp SubMedit EastMedit Circumbor Medit EuSiberian Medit Medit EuMedit SubAtl Paleotemp Circumbor Medit EuCaucasian EuAsian EuSiberian EuAsian EuMedit EuAsian Paleotemp Medit Paleosubtropical EuSiberian Paleotemp SubCosmop Medit-Turan EuMedit

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58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117

Bupleurum baldense Turra Bupleurum kargli Vis. Buxus sempervirens L. Caltha palustris L. Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. Campanula glomerata L. Campanula patula L. Capsella bursa -pastoris (L.) Med. Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz. Carduus pycnocephalus L. Carlina acanthifolia All. Carlina acaulis L. Carpinus betulus L. Carpinus orientalis Mill. Castanea sativa Mill. Centaurea alba L. Centaurea cyanus L. Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. Cerastium decalvans Schlosser et Vuk. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Cerastium grandiflorum Waldst.et Kit. Cerastium ligusticum Viv. Cerastium sylvaticum W.K. Cercis siliquastrum L. Ceterach officinarum Lam. Et D.C. Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert Chelidonium majus L. Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium botrys L. Chenopodium vulvaria L. Cichorium intybus L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Cistus salviaefolius L. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. Clematis vitalba L. Clematis viticella L. Colchicum autumnale L. Colutea arborescens L. Conium maculatum L. Convallaria majalis L. Convolvulus arvensis L. Cornus mass L. Cornus sanguinea L. Coronilla emerus L. Corylus avellana L. Cotinus coggygria L. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Crocus veluchensis Herb. Cupressus sempervirens L. Cuscuta europaea L. Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton Cynodon dactylon L.Pers. Cynoglossum officinale L. Cynosurus cristatus L. Cynosurus echinatus L. Cytisus nigricans Pourr Dactylis glomerata L. Datura stramonium L. Daucus carota L.

Umbelliferae Umbelliferae Buxaceae Ranunculaceae Convolvulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Cruciferae Cruciferae Compositae Compositae Compositae Corylaceae Corylaceae Fagaceae Compositae Compositae Gentianaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Leguminosae Aspleniaceae Compositae Papaveraceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Compositae Compositae Cistaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Leguminosae Umbelliferae Liliaceae Convolvulaceae Cornaceae Cornaceae Leguminosae Corylaceae Anacardiaceae Rosaceae Iridaceae Cupressaceae Convolvulaceae Primulaceae Graminae Boraginaceae Graminae Graminae Leguminosae Graminae Solanaceae Umbelliferae

Th Th NPh H H H H Th G H/ Th H H Ph Ph Ph H Th /H Th Th H Th H Th H Ph H Th H Th Th Th H G NPh Th Ph/Lian Ph/Lian G Ph H G G Ph Ph NPh Ph NPh Ph G Ph Th G G/H H H Th Ph H Th H

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118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177

Delphinium consolida L. Delphinium staphisagria L. Dictamnus albus L. Dianthus sylvestris Wulf. Digitalis grandiflora Mill. Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Dipsacus fullonum L. Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. Echinops ritro L. Echium italicum L. Echium vulgare L. Elaeagnus angustifolius L. Ephedra distachya L. Epilobium angustifolium L. Epilobium hirsutum L. Equisetum arvense L. Erica arborea L. Erica herbacea L. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Erigeron glabratus Hope et Hornsch. Eryngium campestre L. Euonymus europaeus L. Eupatorium cannabinum L. Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz. Euphorbia cyparissias L. Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphorbia myrsinites L. Euphorbia spinosa L. Fagus sylvatica L. Festuca heterophylla Lam. Festuca paniculata (L.) Schniz et Thell Festuca pratensis Huds. Festucopsis serpentini Filago vulgaris Lam. Filipendula ulmaria L. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Forsythia europaea Deg. et Bald. Fragaria vesca L. Fraxinus excelsior L. Fraxinus ornus L. Fumaria officinalis L. Galega officinalis L. Galium aparine L. Galium lucidum All. Galium odoratum (L.) Scop Galium verum L. Genista hassertiana (Bald.) Bald. et Buch. Genista tinctoria L. Gentiana lutea L. Geranium dissectum L. Geranium lucidum L. Geranium molle L. Geranium robertianum L. Geranium sanguineum L. Geum urbanum L. Gleditsia triacanthos L. Hedera helix L.

Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Rutaceae Caryophyllaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Dipsacaceae Compositae Leguminosae Leguminosae Aspidiaceae Compositae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Elaeagnaceae Ephedraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Equisetaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Geraniaceae Compositae Umbelliferae Celastraceae Compositae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Fagaceae Graminae Graminae Graminae Graminae Compositae Rosaceae Umbelliferae Oleaceae Rosaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Papaveraceae Leguminosae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Leguminosae Leguminosae Leguminosae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Rosaceae Leguminosae Araliaceae

Th Th Ch H H H H H Ch/H Ch G H H H Ph Ch H H H Ph-NPh Ch Th H H Ph H H H Th G Ch Ph H H H H Th H H Ph G Ph Ph Th H Th H G H Ch Ch H Th Th Th Th H H Ph Ph

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178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237

Helianthus annuus L. Heliotropium europaeum L. Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. Herniaria glabra L. Herniaria hirsuta L. Hieracium pilosella L. Holcus lanatus L. Hordeum murinum L. Humulus lupulus L. Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) Savi Hyosciamus niger L. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Hypericum haplophylloides Halacsy et Bald. Hypericum perfoliatum L. Hypericum perforatum L. Hypochaeris maculata L. Ilex aquifolium L. Inula helenium L. Juglans regia L. Juniperus communis L. Juniperus communis L. subsp. nana Syme Juniperus oxycedrus L. Juniperus foetidissima Willd. Knautia drymea Heuff. Laburnum anagyrroides Med. Lactuca sativa L. Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.)Eh. et Polat. Lamium purpureum L. Lathyrus aphaca L. Laurus nobilis L. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Leontodon cichoraceus (Ten.) Sanguiretti Leontodon crispus Vill. Leontodon hispidus L. Leonurus cardiaca L. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Ligustrum vulgare L. Linaria vulgaris Mill. Lolium perenne L. Lolium temulentum L. Lonicera caprifolium L. Lotus corniculatus L. Luzula campestris (L.) Lam. et DC. Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Lycopus europaeus L. Lythrum salicaria L. Malva sylvestris L. Marrubium vulgare L. Matricaria perforata Merat Medicago lupulina L. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. Melica uniflora Retz. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallns. Melilotus parviflora Desf. Melissa officinalis L. Melittis melissophyllum L. Mentha aquatica L. Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Mentha pulegium L.

Compositae Boraginaceae Ranunculaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Compositae Graminae Graminae Cannabaceae Leguminosae Solanaceae Graminae Guttiferae Guttiferae Guttiferae Compositae Aquifoliaceae Compositae Juglandaceae Cuppressaceae Cuppressaceae Cuppressaceae Cuppressaceae Dipsacaceae Leguminosae Compositae Cucurbitaceae Labiateae Labiateae Leguminosae Lauraceae Labiatae Compositae Compositae Compositae Labiatae Compositae Oleaceae Scrophulariaceae Graminae Graminae Caprifoliaceae Leguminosae Juncaeae Caryophyllaceae Labiateae Lythraceae Malvaceae Boraginaceae Compositae Leguminosae Leguminosae Graminae Leguminosae Leguminosae Labiateae Labiateae Labiateae Labiateae Labiateae

Th Th G Th Th H H Th G Th H H H H H H Ph H Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph H Ph Th /H Th H Th Th Ph Ch H H H H H NPh H H Th Ph H H H H H H H Th Th Th H H Th H H H H H

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238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297

Mercurialis annua L. Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham Moenchia mantica (L.) Bartl. Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill. Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. Myrtus communis L. Narcissus poeticus L. Nardus stricta L. Nasturtium officinalis R.Br. Neatostema apulum (L.) I.M.Johnston Neottia nidus-avis Rich. Nepeta nuda L. Nigella damascena L. Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. Oenanthe silaifolia Bieb. Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam. Ononis spinosa L. Onopordum illyricum L. Onopordum tauricum Willd. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Ophrys apifera Huds. Ophrys fusca L. Orchis coriophora L. Orchis laxiflora Lam. Orchis mascula L. Orchis morio L. Orchis pallens L. Orchis provincialis Balb. Orchis quadripuntata Cyr. Orchis tridentata Scop. Orchis ustulata L. Origanum vulgare L. Ornithogalum collinum Guss. Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Ornithopus compressus L. Orobanche alba Steph. Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. Orthilia secunda (L.) House Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Oxalis acetosella L. Oxalis corniculata L. Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Panicum crus galli L. Panicum sanguinalis L. Papaver rhoeas L. Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel Parietaria officinalis L. Paris quadrifolia L. Parnassia palustris L. Paspalum distichum L. var. paspaloides Thell. Pedicularis brachyodonta Schloss. et Vuk. Pedicularis comossa L. Pedicularis verticillata L. Peltaria alliacea Jacq. Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn. Petrorhargia saxifraga (L.) Link

Euphorbiaceae Labiateae Caryophyllaceae Liliaceae Compositae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Amaryllidaceae Graminae Cruciferae Boraginaceae Orchidaceae Labiateae Ranunculaceae Umbelliferae Umbelliferae Leguminosae Leguminosae Compositae Compositae Ophioglossaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Labiatae Liliaceae Liliaceae Lilaceae Leguminosae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Umbelliferae Betulaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Rhamnaceae Legumonisae Graminae Graminae Papaveraceae Scropulariaceae Urticaceae Liliaceae Parnassiaceae Graminae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Cruciferae Compositae Caryophyllaceae

Th Ch Th G H Th /H H Ph G H H Th G H Th H H Th Ch H H G G G G G G G G G G G G H G G G Th Th Th Ch Ph H H Ph Th /H Th Th Th Th H G H G H H H H G H

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298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357

Phillyrea latifolia L. Phleum alpinum L. Phleum pratense L. Picris echioides L. Picris hieracioides L. Pimpinella saxifraga L. Pinguicula hirtifolia Ten. Pinus halepensis Mill. Pinus leucodermis Antoine Pinus nigra Arn. Pinus peuce Griseb. Pinus sylvestris L. Pistacia terebinthus L. Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Platanus orientalis L. Poa bulbosa L. Poa media Schur Poa nemoralis L. Poa pratensis L. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum bistorta L. Polygonum hydropiper L. Polypodium vulgare L. Polystichum filix mas Roth Populus alba L. Populus canadensis Moench. Populus nigra L. Populus tremula L. Potentilla erecta (L.) Rauschel Potentilla recta L. Potentilla reptans L. Primula veris L. Primula vulgaris Huds Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler Prunella vulgaris L. Prunus mahaleb L. Prunus spinosa L. Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn Ptilostemon afer (Jacq) W. Greuter Ptilostemon strictus (Ten) W. Greuter Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh Pulicaria odora (L.) Reichenb. Pulmonaria officinalis L. Putoria calabrica (L.) DC. Pycreus rotundus (L.) Hayek Quercus cerris L. Quercus frainetto Ten. Quercus ilex L. Quercus petraea (Mat) Liebl. Quercus robur L. Quercus trojana Webb Ranunculus arvensis L. Ranunculus ficaria L. Ranunculus sardous Crantz Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Rhagadiolus stellatus Gaertn. Rhamnus catharticus L. Rhamnus frangula L.

Oleaceae Graminae Graminae Compositae Compositae Umbelliferae Lentibulariaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Anacardiaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Platanaceae Graminae Graminae Graminae Graminae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polypodiaceae Polypodiaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Labiateae Labiateae Rosaceae Rosaceae Hypolepidiaceae Hypolepidiaceae Compositae Compositae Compositae Boraginaceae Rubiaceae Cyperaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Cruciferae Compositae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae

Ph H H H H H H Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph H H H Ph H H H H Th H Th G G Ph Ph Ph Ph H H H H H H H Ph Ph G H H H H H NPh G Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Th H Th Th Th Ph Ph

Medit SouthEu CentralEu EuMedit EuMedit EuAsian NorthEastMedit Medit Balk SouthEuropean Balk EuAsian EuMedit EuAsian EuAsian EuAsian SubBalk Paleotemp SubBalk Circumbor Circumbor Cosmop Circumbor Circumbor Circumbor SubCosmop Paleotemp NorthAmerican Paleotemp EuSiberian EuAsian Medit-Pontic SubCosmop Medit-WestEu EuCaucasian SouthEuropean Circumbor SouthEu - Pontic EuCaucasian Cosmopolit Balk SubBalk EuMedit EuMedit CentralEuropean SouthEastMedit SubCosmop EuMedit SouthEastEu Medit European EuCaucasian SubBalk Paleotemp EuAsian European EuMedit EuMedit SouthEastEu - Pontic CentralEu-Caucas

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358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417

Raphanus raphanistrum L. Reseda luteola L. Rhus coriaria L. Robinia pseudacacia L. Rosa canina L. Rubia tinctorium L. Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott Rumex acetosella L. Ruscus aculeatus L. Salix alba L. Salix babylonica L. Salix fragilis L. Salix purpurea L. Salvia officinalis L. Salvia ringens Sibth. et Sm Salvia sclarea L. Sambucus nigra L. Sanguisorba minor Scop. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Sanicula europaea L. Saponaria officinalis L. Satureja montana L. Saxifraga rotundifolia L. Scabiosa culumbaria L. Scorzonera purpurea L. Scrophularia nodosa L. Sedum acre L. Sedum album L. Sedum hispanicum L. Sempervivum tectorum L. Senecio vulgaris L. Setaria glauca P.B. Sherardia arvensis L. Sideritis romana ssp. purpurea L. Sideritis syriaca L. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Sinapis arvensis L. Sisymbrium officinalis (L.) Scop. Solanum nigrum L. Solidago virgaurea L. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Spartium junceum L. Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Stipa bromoides Brand. Symphytum officinalis L. Tamarix parviflora D. C. Tamus communis L. Tanacetum vulgare L. Taraxacum officinale Web. Teucrium chamaedrys L. Thlaspi arvense L. Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy Thlaspi perfoliatum L. Thlaspi preacox Wulf Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. Thymus praecox Opiz

Cruciferae Resedaceae Anacardiaceae Leguminosae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Polygonaceae Liliaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Labiateae Labiateae Labiateae Caprifoliaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Umbelliferae Caryophyllaceae Labiateae Saxifragaceae Dipsacaceae Compositae Scrophulariaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Compositae Graminae Rubiaceae Labiateae Labiateae Caryophyllaceae Compositae Cruciferae Cruciferae Solanaceae Compositae Compositae Graminae Leguminosae Labiateae Caryophyllaceae Graminae Boraginaceae Tamaricaceae Dioscoreaceae Compositae Compositae Labiateae Cruciferae Cruciferae Cruciferae Cruciferae Labiateae Labiateae

Th Th Ph Ph NPh H NPh NPh H Ch Ph Ph Ph Ph Ch H H Ph H H H H Ch H H H H H H Th H Th Th Th Th H H H Th Th Th H Th /H G Ph H Th H G Ph G H H Ch Th H Th H H H

EuMedit EuAsian Medit NorthAmerican EuAsian WestAsian Circumbor EuMedit Circumbor EuMedit Paleotemp EastAsian EuSiberian EuAsian EastMedit Balk EuMedit EuCaucasian EuAsian Circumbor Paleotemp EuSiberian WestMedit EuCaucasian EuAsian SouthEastEu-SouthSiber Circumbor EuCaucasian EuMedit SouthEastEu SouthEu Medit SubCosmop EuMedit Medit Balk Paleotemp Medit-Turan Medit Paleotemp Cosmop Circumbor EuAsian Cosmop EuMedit EuCaucasian European Medit EuCaucasian EastMed EuMedit EuAsian Circumbor EuMedit European SouthEastEu Paleosubtrop SouthEastEu EuMedit CentralEu

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418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453

Tordylium apulum L. Torillis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Tragopogon balcanicus Vel. Tragopogon pratensis L. Trifolium angustifolium L. Trifolium arvense L. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Trifolium nigriscens Viv. Trifolium physodes Stev. Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium repens L. Trifolium striatum L. Trifolium subterraneum L. Trigonella corniculata L. Tussilago farfara L. Ulmus campestris L. Urtica dioica L. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Valeriana officinalis L. Verbascum blattaria L. Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad. Verbena officinalis L. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Veronica officinalis L. Veronica persica Poir. Viburnum lantana L. Vicia cracca L. Vicia lutea L. Vicia pannonica Crantz. Vinca major L. Vinca minor L. Viola odorata L. Viscum album L. Vitex agnuscastus L. Xanthium spinosum L. Xanthium strumarium L.

Umbelliferae Umbelliferae Compositae Compositae Leguminosae Legumonisae Legumonisae Leguminosae Legumonisae Legumonisae Legumonisae Leguminosae Leguminosae Legumonisae Compositae Ulmaceae Urticaceae Ericaceae Valerianaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Caprifoliaceae Leguminosae Leguminosae Leguminosae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Violaceae Loranthaceae Verbenaceae Compositae Compositae

Th Th H H Th Th Th Th H H H Th Th Th G Ph H Ch H H H H H H Th Ph H Th Th Ch Ch H Ch Ph Th Th

Medit EuMedit-Tur Balk EuSiberian EuMedit Paleotemp Paleotemp EuMedit EastMedit EuSiberian European Paleotemp EuMedit Medit Paleotemp EuCaucasian SubCosmop Circumbor European Paleotemp SouthEu Paleotemp Cosmopolit EuSiberian SubCosmop SouthEu EuAsian EuMedit EuMedit EuMedit CentralEu-Caucas EuMedit EuAsian Medit SouthAm Cosmopolit

Figure 1. Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Figure 2. Genista hassertiana L. (Bald.)Bald. et Buch.

Based on the above data are held on the bellows spectrums and tables. In the Chart 1. is seen that Compositae with 33% have the hightest percentage, then follows Graminae with 25% and Leguminosae with 24%. This thing reflects on their family species domination, but in the other point of view, referring to Chart 2. in which are included the Others species with (all the others families grouped together) with 66%, is clearly seen the diversity of the flora in this area.

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Systematic spectrum

24%

33%

Compositae Graminae Labiatae Legumonisae

18% 25%

Chart 1. Graphical systematic spectrum

Systematic spectrum
11% 9% 6% Compositae Graminae Labiatae Legumonisae 66% 8% Others families

Chart 2. Graphical systematic spectrum

Floristic element spectrum

Balk SubBalk Circum bor Cosm opolitan

4% 11%

5%

5%

3%

3%

8% 4%

EuAsian EuCaucasian EuMedit EuSiberian Medit Paleotem p SouthEastEu SouthEuropian SubCosm opolitan

11% 5% 19% 7%

15%

Chart 3. Graphical floristic element spectrum

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In Chart 3. the hightest percentage is presented by EuMedit element with 19%, followed by EuAsian element 15% and Medit element with 11%, which are as reflectors of the climacteric and geographic conditions. The floristic potential in Chart 4, present Hemicryptophytes, with the higher percentage 42%, followed by Therophytes with 22% and Phanerophytes with 16%. This reflects the adaption with the climacteric and geographic conditions.

Biological spectrum

G Ch

16%

2% 2%

11%

5%

Th H Ph
22%

42%

NPh Th /H

Chart 4. Graphical vital forms spectrum

Figure 3. Platanus orientalis L.

Figure 4. Cornus sanguinea L.

Figure 5. Euphorbia cyparissias L.

Figure 6. Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter

Figure 7. Robinia pseudacacia L.

Figure 8. Juniperus oxycedrus L.

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Table 2. Floristic list of the honey plants and of the medicinal plants
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Honey plant latin name Abies alba Mill. Aesculus hippocastanum L. Agrimonia eupatoria L. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. Ajuga reptans L. Alisma plantago aquatica L. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Alyssum murale Waldst. et Kit. Anchusa officinalis L. Anemone nemorosa L. Anthemis arvensis L. Aquilegia vulgaris L. Arbutus unedo L. Artemisia vulgaris L. Arum italicum Mill. Asparagus acutifolius L. Atropa belladona L. Bellis perennis L. Berberis vulgaris L. Bidens tripartita L. Brassica oleraceae L. Bryonia cretica L. Buxus sempervirens L. Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. Campanula patula L. Carlina acaulis L. Carpinus betulus L. Castanea sativa Mill. Centaurea cyanus L. Cercis siliquastrum L. Chenopodium album L. Cichorium intybus L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Cistus salviaefolius L. Clematis vitalba L. Clematis viticella L. Colutea arborescens L. Cornus mass L. Cornus sanguinea L. Corylus avellana L. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Cupressus sempervirens L. Cynoglossum officinale L. Dactylis glomerata L. Datura stramonium L. Daucus carota L. Echium vulgare L. Erica arborea L. Eryngium campestre L. Eupatorium cannabinum L. Euphorbia helioscopia L. Fagus sylvatica L. Filipendula ulmaria L. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Forsythia europaea Deg. et Bald. Fragaria vesca L. Fraxinus excelsior L. Medicinal plant latin name Achillea millefolium L. Aesculus hippocastanum L. Agrimonia eupatoria L. Alisma plantago aquatica L. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Althaea officinalis L. Anagallis arvensis L. Anchusa officinalis L. Arbutus unedo L. Arctium lappa L. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Artemisia absinthium L. Artemisia vulgaris L. Arum italicum Mill. Asplenium adiantum nigrum L. Atriplex hastata L. Atropa belladona L. Bellis perennis L. Berberis vulgaris L. Betula pendula Roth. Brassica oleraceae L. Briza maxima L. Buxus sempervirens L. Campanula glomerata L. Capsella bursa - pastoris (L.) Med. Castanea sativa Mill. Centaurea cyanus L. Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Ceterach officinarum Lam. Et D.C. Chelidonium majus L. Cichorium intybus L. Colchicum autumnale L. Colutea arborescens L. Convallaria majalis L. Convolvulus arvensis L. Corylus avellana L. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Cynodon dactylon L.Pers. Cynoglossum officinale L. Daucus carota L. Delphinium consolida L. Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Echium italicum L. Equisetum arvense L. Eryngium campestre L. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Fragaria vesca L. Fraxinus ornus L. Fumaria officinalis L. Galega officinalis L. Galium verum L. Genista tinctoria L. Gentiana lutea L. Geum urbanum L. Hedera helix L. Helianthus annuus L. Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit.

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58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117

Fraxinus ornus L. Fumaria officinalis L. Galega officinalis L. Galium odoratum (L.) Scop Genista tinctoria L. Gentiana lutea L. Geranium molle L. Geranium robertianum L. Geranium sanguineum L. Geum urbanum L. Hedera helix L. Helianthus annuus L. Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. Hieracium pilosella L. Hyosciamus niger L. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Hypericum perforatum L. Ilex aquifolium L. Juglans regia L. Juniperus oxycedrus L. Lamium purpureum L. Laurus nobilis L. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Leonurus cardiaca L. Ligustrum vulgare L. Linaria vulgaris Mill. Lotus corniculatus L. Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Lythrum salicaria L. Malva sylvestris L. Marrubium vulgare L. Matricaria perforata Merat Medicago lupulina L. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallns. Melissa officinalis L. Mentha pulegium L. Mercurialis annua L. Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. Myrtus communis L. Nigella damascena L. Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam. Ononis spinosa L. Origanum vulgare L. Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Oxalis acetosella L. Oxalis corniculata L. Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Papaver rhoeas L. Phillyrea latifolia L. Pinguicula hirtifolia Ten. Pinus halepensis Mill. Pinus nigra Arn. Pinus sylvestris L. Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Polygonum aviculare L. Populus alba L. Populus nigra L. Populus tremula L. Potentilla reptans L.

Herniaria glabra L. Herniaria hirsuta L. Hieracium pilosella L. Humulus lupulus L. Hyosciamus niger L. Hypericum perforatum L. Ilex aquifolium L. Juglans regia L. Juniperus communis L. Laurus nobilis L. Leonurus cardiaca L. Lotus corniculatus L. Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Lythrum salicaria L. Malva sylvestris L. Marrubium vulgare L. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallns. Melissa officinalis L. Mentha pulegium L. Myrtus communis L. Narcissus poeticus L. Nasturtium officinalis R.Br. Origanum vulgare L. Oxalis acetosella L. Papaver rhoeas L. Parietaria officinalis L. Pinus nigra Arn. Pinus sylvestris L. Plantago lanceolata L. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum bistorta L. Polygonum hydropiper L. Polypodium vulgare L. Polystichum filix mas Roth Populus nigra L. Primula veris L. Primula vulgaris Huds Prunella vulgaris L. Prunus spinosa L. Pulmonaria officinalis L. Quercus petraea (Mat) Liebl. Quercus robur L. Rhamnus frangula L. Reseda luteola L. Robinia pseudacacia L. Rosa canina L. Rubia tinctorium L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott Salix alba L. Salix fragilis L. Salix purpurea L. Salvia officinalis L. Sambucus nigra L. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Saponaria officinalis L. Satureja montana L. Sedum acre L. Senecio vulgaris L. Sideritis syriaca L. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

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118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

Prunus spinosa L. Quercus cerris L. Quercus frainetto Ten. Quercus ilex L. Quercus petraea (Mat) Liebl. Quercus robur L. Ranunculus sardous Crantz Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Rhus coriaria L. Robinia pseudacacia L. Rosa canina L. Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott Rumex acetosella L. Salix alba L. Salix babylonica L. Salix fragilis L. Salvia officinalis L. Sambucus nigra L. Sanguisorba minor Scop. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Saponaria officinalis L. Satureja montana L. Scabiosa culumbaria L. Scrophularia nodosa L. Sedum hispanicum L. Sempervivum tectorum L. Senecio vulgaris L. Sideritis syriaca L. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Sinapis arvensis L. Solidago virgaurea L. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Tamarix parviflora D. C. Teucrium chamaedrys L. Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. Tordylium apulum L. Trifolium arvense L. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium repens L. Tussilago farfara L. Ulmus campestris L. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Valeriana officinalis L. Verbascum blattaria L. Verbena officinalis L. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Veronica persica Poir. Vicia cracca L. Vicia lutea L. Viola odorata L. Viscum album L. Xanthium strumarium L.

Sisymbrium officinalis (L.) Scop. Symphytum officinalis L. Tanacetum vulgare L. Taraxacum officinale Web. Teucrium chamaedrys L. Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. Trifolium arvense L. Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium repens L. Tussilago farfara L. Ulmus campestris L. Urtica dioica L. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Valeriana officinalis L. Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad. Verbena officinalis L. Viola odorata L. Viscum album L.

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Figure 9. Phillyrea latifolia L.

Figure 10. Clematis vitalba L.

Conclusions
In this article is presented a floristic list with 453 plant species, illustrated with some photos of them. From this list are: - compiled the systematic, biological spectrum and floristical element spectra, - indicated some of the medicinal and honey plants, - presented some of the endemic plants. The data given in this study represent the accordance of these plants in theirs habitats with the environmental and climatic conditions, serving as indicators for them. As conclusion, this area has a potential floristic, that even the actual environmental situation appears good, it is threatened because of the human impact, as inappropriate collection and cutting of the plants, constructions and the extrusion of solid materials, etc. Among them, most threatened are those in and near the residential areas, where losses and contamination is higher. Is important preserving and protecting this genetic fund because its impact not only affect the scientific aspect but also and the human life, as well.

References
1- Buzo, K. 1991: Bimsia e kullotave dhe livadheve natyrore t Shqipris. Shtpia Botuese e Librit Universitar, Tiran. 153 pp. 2- Demiri, M. 1983: Flora ekskursioniste e Shqipris. Shtpia Botuese e Librit Shkollor, Tiran. 985 pp. 3- Demiri, M. 1979: Prcaktues bimsh (Flora e vogl e Shqipris). Shtpia Botuese e Librit Shkollor, Tiran. 896 pp. 4- Demiri, M. 1979: Bimt e egra dhe t dobishme t vendit ton. Shtpia e Propagands Bujqsore, Tiran. 285 pp. 5- Group of authors, 2000: Flora e Shqipris. Vllimi IV. Akademia e Shkencave e Republiks s Shqipris, Tiran. 397 pp. 6- Group of authors, Ministria e Mjedisit, Pyjeve dhe Administrimit t Ujrave 2007: Studime pr Biodiversitetin. Petani Design. Tiran. 374 pp. 7- Mitrushi, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqipris. Universiteti i Tirans, Fakulteti i Shkencave t Natyrs, Tiran. 517 pp. 8- Naqellari, P. 2000: Biodiversiteti, bimt e rralla dhe endemike n rajon. Shoqata ambjentaliste Lilium albanicum, Librazhd. 39 59 pp. 9- Naqellari, P. 1999: Studimi bioekologjik I bimve mjeksore me alkaloide dhe rezervat e tyre n rrethin e Elbasanit. Ph Thesis, Universiteti I Tirans. 105 pp.

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10- Pupuleku, B. 2006: Studimi melisopalinologjik i mjaltrave t rajonit t Elbasanit. Elbasan. 96 pp. 11- Tutin et al., 1964 1980: Flora Europaea, vol. 1 5. Cambridge University Press. 581 pp, 486 pp, 399 pp, 534 pp, 476 pp. 12- Vangjeli, J. 2003: Udhheqs fushor i Flors s Shqipris. Akademia e Shkencave Instituti i Krkimeve Biologjike, Tiran. 562 pp.

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