See Fig.

9-6 for location of arthropods among animal body plans

BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Most diverse group of animals Single Phylum (Arthropoda) 3 large subphyla
Chelicerata (spiders, etc.) Crustacea (crabs, shrimp, lobsters) Uniramia (Insects)

Segmentation Chitinous skeleton

BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Defining traits of Arthropoda
Segments form groups (tagmata) Jointed appendages Exoskeleton (proteins, chitin) Complex muscles, rapid movement Reduced coelom (hemocoel) Respiration advanced with trachea, gills or book lungs Advanced sensory systems Metamorphosis
BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata
Includes Class Arachnida and Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) Have six pairs of appendages
4 pairs walking legs 1 pair chelicerae 1 pair pedipalps

No mandibles or antennae Predigest food and drink it

BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Merostomata -extinct subclass of large aquatic scorpions (Eurypterida) -living horseshoe crabs Horseshoe crabs -since Cambrian -hard dorsal carapace and long telson -opercular flaps on abdomen to cover book gills See Fig. 18-2 for horseshoe crab external anatomy - benthic feeder -spring spawning aggregations
BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida
Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites More common in dry climates Cephalothorax and abdomen Predatory with fangs, stingers, and poison glands Suck out body fluids of prey with muscular pharynx
BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

See Fig. 18-4 for spider external anatomy

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata Spiders
All carnivorous, using poison Most ambush or use web Predigest food, some with teeth Unique book lungs
See Fig. 18-5 for spider internal anatomy

Excretory tubules (Malpighian) aid in water retention

BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata Spiders
Eight eyes sense movement Hairlike setae important sensory functions Silk glands and 2-3 pairs of spinnerets for web-building Liquid protein hardens, very strong Also use silk in reproduction, prey storage, trip lines
BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata Scorpions
Mostly tropical, very secretive Short cephalothorax, preabdomen and postabdomen (tail) with stinger Pedipalps form large pincers Joint # varies among appendages Ventral surface organs = pectines Mating courtship
BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Scorpion external anatomy

BIO206 - 2007 Scharf

Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata Ticks and mites
Believed to have 1 million spp (only 30,000 known) Cephalothorax and abdomen fused Mouthparts (chelicerae, pedipalps) carried on capitulum Important effects on human food and health
Dust mites allergies Agricultural pests Disease transmission by ticks
BIO206 - 2007 Scharf