Code No: K0221

R07
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/August, 2012

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) What do you understand by electric heating? What are the various advantages of electrical heating over other methods of heating? b) What is dielectric heating? Explain the factors influencing dielectric loss in a dielectric material. 2. a) Discuss the the important features of electric arc welding and resistance welding. b) Compare the A.C and D.C systems of metallic arc welding. 3. Explain the construction and working of Mercury vapour lamp with a neat diagram. 4. Discuss the application of rheostatic braking as applied to a series a.c induction motor drive with a neat diagram. 5. a) Discuss the various factors influencing the selection of a drive motor for a particular industrial application. b) Discuss the various methods of controlling the speed of 3-Phase induction motors. 6. a) Compare the merits and demerits of filament lamps and fluorescent lamps. b) A work shop measures 15m36m and 20 lamps of 500W each are used for lighting the workshop. The luminous efficiency of lamp is 15 Lumens/Watt. Determine the illumination on the working plane, if the depreciation factor is 0.7 and the coefficient of utilization is 0.5. 7. a) Discuss the advantages of electric traction over other non-electrical systems of traction. b) Explain briefly the factors influencing the selection of a particular traction system. 8. The average speed of a train is 50 kmph. Determine its maximum speed assuming trapezoidal Speed-Time curve, if the distance between the stops is 2.5 km, acceleration 1.8 kmphps and retardation 3kmphps. 1 of 1

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Code No: K0221

R07
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/August, 2012

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. Explain with a neat diagram the working and operation of a Sodium vapour lamp. Mention its application. 2. a) Discuss briefly the various methods of welding. b) What are the advantages of coated electrodes in welding process? 3. a) What do you understand by electric heating? What are the advantages over other methods of heating? b) What are the characteristics of heating elemens? Explain the design of heating elements in resistance heating. 4. a) Explain the important factors to be considered for selecting a particular drive motor for industrial application. b) Discuss the various methods of controlling the speed of 3-Phase induction motors. 5. Discuss the application of rheostatic braking as applied to series and a.c induction motors with neat diagram. 6. With the help of a complete Speed-Time curve, discuss how different parameters of this curve change with the type of train service. 7. a) A small assembly shop 16x10 m is to be illuminated to a level of 200 lux. The Utilization and maintenance factors are 0.74 and 0.8 respectively. Calculate the number of lamps required to illuminate the whole area if the lumen output of the lamp selected is 3000 lumens. b) Explain the various factors influencing the life of a tungsten filament. 8. A train is to run between two stations 2 Km apart at an average speed of 45 kmph. The run is to be made according to a quadrilateral N-T curve. The maximum speed is to be limited to 60 kmph, acceleration to 2 kmphps, coasting retardation to 0.15 kmphps and braking retardation to 3.0 kmphps . Find the duration of acceleration, coasting and braking periods. 1 of 1 Time: 3 Hours

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Code No: K0221

R07
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/August, 2012

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) Compare the important characteristics of tungsten filament lamps and fluorescent lamps. b) A room measuring 25m X 12m is to be illuminated by 40W incandescent lamps of lumen output 2700 lumens. The average illumination required in the room is 200 lux. Calculate the number of lamps requiredto be fitted in the room if utilization and depreciation factors are 0.65 and 1.25 respectively. 2. a) What are the various methods of welding? b) Compare the A.C and D.C systems of metallic arc welding. 3. a) Discuss the important features of resistance heating and induction heating. b) Explain the merits and application of dielectric heating. 4. With the help of a complete Speed -Time curve discuss how different parameters of this curve change with the type of train service. 5. a) Discuss the various factors influencing the selection of a drive motor for a particular industrial application. b) Explain the speed control of a D.C series motor through a suitable diagram. 6. Discuss the application of rheostatic braking as applied to series a.c induction motors with a neat diagram. 7. Explain with a neat diagram the working and operation of a Sodium vapour lamp. Mention its application. 8. The average speed of a train is 36 kmph. Determine its maximum speed assuming trapezoidal Speed-Time curve, if the distance between the stops is 1.8 km, acceleration 1.8 kmphps and retardation 3.6 kmphps. 1 of 1

Time: 3 Hours

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Code No: K0221

R07
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/August, 2012

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. Explain the different types of lamp fittings and lighting schemes with the help of light distribution graphs. 2. a) Discuss the features of DC arc welding system. b) Explain the advantages of AC arc Welding machines. 3. a) Discuss the different methods of electric heating and their relative merits. b) What are the characteristics of heating elements? Explain the design of heating elements in resistance heating. 4. a) Discuss the various factors influencing the selection of a drive motor for a particular industrial application. b) Compare the characteristics of a D.C series motor and a three phase induction motor. 5. Explain the construction and working of Mercury vapour lamp with a neat diagram. 6. Discuss in detail the various factors on which the final choice of traction system depends. 7. A train is to run between two stations 1.6 km apart at an average speed of 40kmph. The run is to be made according to a quadrilateral N-T curve. The maximum speed is to be limited to 64 kmph, acceleration to 2 kmphps, coasting retardation to 0.16 kmphps and braking retardation to 3.2 kmphps. Find the duration of acceleration, coasting and braking periods. 8. Write short notes on the following: a) Rheostatic braking b) Regenerative braking c) Induction heating d) Flood lighting 1 of 1

Time: 3 Hours

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/Aug 2012 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Electronics & Communication Engineering ) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of guided optical communication links with that of co-axial and microwave systems. (b) Calculate the number of modes at 820 nm in a graded index ber having parabolic index prole, a 25 m core-radius, n1 = 1.48 and n2 = 1.46. How does it compare to a step index ber? [8+8] 2. (a) Explain birefringence in single mode step index bers. (b) Consider an optical ber with n1 = 1.465, n2 = 1.46 and a = 4 m. Determine the wavelength at which all modes except the HE11 mode are cut o. [8+8] 3. (a) What is pulse broadening? Analyze pulse broadening in a graded index wave guide. (b) A certain optical ber has attenuation of 3.5 dB/ Km at 850 nm. If 0.5 mw of optical ber is initially launched in to the ber, what is the power level in mw after 4Km? [8+8] 4. (a) A step index ber has a core refractive index of 1.5 and a core diameter of 50 m. The ber is jointed with a lateral misalignment between the core axes of 5 m. Estimate the insertion loss at the joint due to the lateral misalignment assuming uniform distribution of power between all guided modes when: i. There is a small air gap at the joint ii. The joint is considered index matched. (b) Write short notes on V-groove splices. [8+8]

5. (a) With the help of neat diagrams describe lens coupling mechanisms to improve coupling eciency from a ber optic source. (b) Dierentiate between Lambertian and monochromatic optical sources in terms of power coupling into a single mode ber. (c) What is equilibrium numerical aperture? Explain the signicance of equilibrium numerical aperture on source to ber power coupling. [6+5+5] 6. (a) Establish a relation between responsivity and quantum eciency of a photo detector starting from denition of these two parameters. (b) Determine the quantum eciency and responsivity of a PIN photodiode operating at 850 nm wavelength if 6.2 1012 photons incident at 850 nm generate 1.2 1012 electrons from the device.

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 1

(c) Discuss the factors on which the response time of a photo detector depends. [8+8] 7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a ber optic link (b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data rates from rise time budget analysis. (c) Explain the eect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise time. [8+4+4] 8. Describe any TWO of the following: (a) Estimates made from Eye pattern analysis. (b) Necessity of line coding in optical communication. (c) Uni-directional and Bi-directional WDM for optical links. [8+8]

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/Aug 2012 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Electronics & Communication Engineering ) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Compare optical ber systems and conventional copper cable systems. (b) Calculate the critical angle, NA of step index ber having n1 = 1.50 corecladding dierence = 1%. What is the maximum entrance angle omax for the ber if the outer medium is air with n =1. [8+8] 2. (a) Write short notes on Plastic Optical Fibers. (b) Find the radius of curvature R at which the number of modes decreases by 50 percent in a graded index ber take = 2, n2 = 1.5, = 0.01, a = 25 m, = 1.3 m. [8+8] 3. (a) Derive an expression for the material dispersion on the optimum prole for the pulse dispersion in graded index optical bers.
n (b) For the ber, it is given that at = 850 nm, 2 dd21 = 0.015 the RMS spectral width of the light source is 20 nm at this wavelength. Determine:
2

i. Material dispersion parameter ii. RMS pulse broadening / Km due to material dispersion. 4. Explain the following: (a) Semiconductor injection laser. (b) LED structures and characteristics.

[8+8]

[8+8]

5. (a) Describe all the factors giving rise to losses while coupling optical power between any two devices of a ber optic link. (b) What is a pig-tailed device? List out the advantages and disadvantages of pig-tailing either a ber optic source or a ber optic detector. (c) Write expressions for power coupling from an LED into a step index ber for larger and smaller active area relative to the area of the ber. [5+5+6] 6. (a) Dene responsivity and quantum eciency in relation to a ber optic receiver. Discuss if these parameters are dependent on the preamplier and post amplier circuitry of the receiver.

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 2

(b) Compute the wavelength at which the numerical values of quantum eciency and responsivity of a photodiode operating at 820 nm wavelength become equal. Use the necessary physical constants listed. Speed of light in vacuum =3 108 m/s Electron charge =1.602 1019 C Plancks constant =6.6256 1034 J-S Boltzmans constant =1.38 1023 J/K (c) Describe the factors on which the speed of response of a photo diode depends. [6+5+5] 7. Describe about the following briey: (a) Component choice for design of a ber optic link. (b) Power Budget analysis of a ber optic link with an example. [8+8]

8. (a) List the conditions under which cut-back method of measurement of ber attenuation yields more accurate values. (b) Suggest a non-destructive method for measurement of ber attenuation. Mention the principle behind this method. (c) Output of a PIN detector preamplier of an optical receiver for 1.6Km ber is 2.26 Volts at 820nm wavelength. The output of PIN preamplier increases to 9.06 Volts when this ber is cutback to 4m length at the same wavelength. Compute the total attenuation and attenuation per unit length (dB/Km) of the cut-o ber. [5+5+6]

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/Aug 2012 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Electronics & Communication Engineering ) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Explain numerical aperture with reference to ray theory transmission. (b) A multi mode step index ber has a relative refractive index dierence of 1% and a core refractive index of 1.5. The number of modes operating at a wavelength of 1.3m is 1100. Estimate the diameter of the ber core. [8+8] 2. (a) A single mode step index ber with a core refractive index of 1.49 has a critical bending radius of 10.4 mm when illuminated with light at a wavelength of 1.3 m. If the cut o wavelength for the ber is 1.15 m, calculate the relative refractive index dierence. (b) Compare stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering in optical ber. [8+8] 3. (a) Write notes on dispersion shifted ber and dispersion compensating ber. (b) Explain in detail about the refractive index prole dispersion and dispersion Vs bandwidth of the optical ber. [8+8] 4. (a) Draw the schematic of an edge emitting LED and explain the reasons for such construction. (b) Discuss the major requirements of an optical ber emitter. 5. (a) Dene equilibrium numerical aperture. (b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 m and an axial radiance of 100 W / cm2 - Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step index ber of 50m radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power coupled into this step index ber. Compute the % dierence in coupled power if the radius of the ber is halved. (c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specied above into a parabolic index graded-index ber of 50m diameter with n1 =1.485 and = 0.01. [3+8+5] 6. (a) Reason out if the two parameters, quantum eciency and responsivity signify the same properties of a detector diode. (b) A PIN diode is characterized by a quantum eciency of 72% at a wavelength of 900 nm. Calculate: i. Responsivity of the PIN diode at 900 nm. ii. Received optical power if the mean photo current is 10 mA at 900 nm. [8+8]

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 3

iii. Number of received photons for 1 mA mean photo generated current. [8+8] 7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a ber optic link (b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data rates from rise time budget analysis. (c) Explain the eect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise time. [8+4+4] 8. (a) Describe the principle and necessity of WDM technique in optical communication systems. (b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain how uni-directional and bi-directional WDM optical communication links operate. (c) Is it possible to multiplex number of closely spaced wavelengths within the same wavelength window of optical communication? [5+6+5]

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/Aug 2012 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Electronics & Communication Engineering ) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) A step index multimode ber with a numerical aperture of 0.2 supports 1000 modes at 850 nm, what is the diameter of the core? How many modes of the ber support at 1320 nm. What percent of optical power ows in the cladding. (b) Discuss the signicance of numerical aperture in optical bers. Derive a relation for NA in case of step index ber. [8+8] 2. (a) Discuss mode cut o conditions in optical bers. (b) A single mode ber has a beat length in the range 7cm to 1m. What range of propagation constant dierence does this correspond to for an operating wavelength of 1500 nm? [8+8] 3. (a) Derive an expression for the material dispersion on the optimum prole for the pulse dispersion in graded index optical bers.
n (b) For the ber, it is given that at = 850 nm, 2 dd21 = 0.015 the RMS spectral width of the light source is 20 nm at this wavelength. Determine:
2

i. Material dispersion parameter ii. RMS pulse broadening / Km due to material dispersion.

[8+8]

4. (a) An optical ber has a core refractive index of 1.5. Two lengths of the ber with smooth and perpendicular (to the core axes) end faces are butted together. Assuming the ber axes are perfectly aligned, calculate the optical loss in decibels at the joint (due to fresnel reection) when there is a small air gap between the ber end faces. (b) Write short notes on Fusion splices. [8+8]

5. (a) With the help of neat diagrams describe lens coupling mechanisms to improve coupling eciency from a ber optic source. (b) Dierentiate between Lambertian and monochromatic optical sources in terms of power coupling into a single mode ber. (c) What is equilibrium numerical aperture? Explain the signicance of equilibrium numerical aperture on source to ber power coupling. [6+5+5] 6. (a) With the help of a suitable block diagram explain the functioning of every element of a ber optic receiver. (b) Discuss briey about various sources of noise in a PIN diode based ber optic receiver. [8+8]

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Code No: K0421

R07

Set No. 4

7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a ber optic link (b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data rates from rise time budget analysis. (c) Explain the eect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise time. [8+4+4] 8. (a) Describe the principle and necessity of WDM technique in optical communication systems. (b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain how uni-directional and bi-directional WDM optical communication links operate. (c) Is it possible to multiplex number of closely spaced wavelengths within the same wavelength window of optical communication? [5+6+5]

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