Abstract: T h e p e r f o r ma n c e , r e l i a b i l i t y, a n d l i f e o f a d i e s e l e n g i n e l a r g e l y d e p e n d o n i t s eciency to dispose waste heat under all weather conditions, especially at high ambient tem-peratures.

The coolant of the engine plays a signicant role in removing a major portion of this heat from the engine. Although pure water is the most e cient of all, it is essential to addcertain additives to modify some of its deleterious actions on the engine and its components.For a given radiator conguration, the eectiveness of a coolant in dissipating heat is primarily governed by its composition and thereby its physical and chemical properties. Thus, a study o n the effects of d i erent c o mb i n a t io n s of engine

c o o l a n t a d d i t i v es o n t h e e x t e n t o f h e a t dissipation was carried out. The study mainly concentrated on the use of cutting oil, ethylene glycol, and three-component additives (sodium nitrate, potassium dichromate, and trisodiumphosphate), which were carefully analysed in a laboratory and compared on the basis of theirrespective performances. Keywords: coolant, additives, heat dissipation, radiator, diesel engine

I NT RO D UC T I O N air-cooled engines, this heat is directly transferred tothe atmosphere. Engines in two-wheeler segmentsare generally of the air-cooled type. A majority of the Diesel engines are generally designed to last f o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y l o n g p e r i o d s , t o ma k e t h e m e c o n o mi c a l h i g h p o w e r e d d i e s e l e n g i n e s u s e d i n a u t o mo b i l e s , r a i l - c a r s , s h i p s , Ge n s e t a p p l i c a t i o n s , e t c . , a r e o f in procurement and operation, reducing the overalle x p e n d i t u r e . I n a d i e s e l e n g i n e , o n l y a p o r t i o n o f t h e t h e w a t e r - c o o l e d t y p e b e c a u s e o f t h e v a r i e t y o f advantages oered. The coolant plays a very vital roleheat generated in burning the fuel is converted intou s e f u l wo r k . Un l e s s t h e r e ma i n i n g h e a t i s d i s p o s e d i n d i s p o s i n g o f w a s t e h e a t e ciently and enables thee n g i n e t o o p e r a t e w e l l wi t h i n i t s de s i g n e d l i mi t s .o f i mme d i a t e l y, i t l e a d s t o b u i l d u p o f wa s t e h e a t w h i c h o v e r h e a t s t h e e n g i n e , t h e r e b y r e s u l t i n g i n T h i s i s v e r y e s s e n t i a l t o e n s u r e r e l i a b i l i t y a n d u s e f u l long life of the engine. The coolant is usually a blendcatastrophic failures and ultimately resulting in thel os s o f t h e e n g i n e . P a r t o f t h i s w a s t e h e a t i s d i s p o s e d o f p o t a b l e wa t e r a n d c e r t a i n s p e c i e d c h e mi c a l s added as per recommendations of the manufacturer.o f t h r o u g h t h e e x h a u s t g a s . The disposal of theremaining heatis generally achieved byusing a liquid This blending combination varies for di erentmanufacturers.to transport the heat from the engine to the radiator,f r o m where it is transferred to the atmosphere. In The e e c t o f d i erent additives on heat transferf r o m t h e e n g i n e c y l i n d e r h a s b e e n s t u d i e d a n d * Corresponding author: Automotive Systems Division, Combat recorded, the details of which have been publishedVehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE), in various papers

Coolant Definition Definition a substance, usually a liquid or a gas, used to reduce the temperature of a system below a specified value by conducting away the heat produced in the operation of the system, as the liquid in an automobile cooling system or the fluid that removes heat from the core of a nuclear reactor. 2. a lubricant that dissipates the heat caused by friction. Origin:

D8T Cooling System (1) Hydraulic Demand Fan (2) Radiator (3) Water Pump (4) Ecology Drain (5) Engine Oil Cooler (6) Power Train Oil Cooler (7) ARD (8) Cab Heater (9) NRS Cooler

(10) Thermostat Housing (11) Water Temperature Regulator (12) Shunt Tank (13) Turbocharger (14) Vent Line (15) Bypass Tube (16) Inlet (17) Outlet (AA) Passage (AB) Passage (AC) Port(AD) Line Illustration 3 is a schematic of the engine cooling system for the D8T Track-Type Tractor with the C15 engine. Hydraulic demand fan (1) is mounted to the radiator guard. The hydraulic demand fan is mounted in front of the radiator. The fan drive pump is controlled by the engine ECM. This arrangement allows the fan to draw air through the sides of the engine compartment and through the hood. Air is drawn through the radiator and out of the front of the machine. This design reduces the possibility that the fan will inject debris into the radiator. When the engine is cold, the temperature regulator (11) will be closed. The temperature regulator is inside temperature regulator housing (10). As a result, engine coolant will not circulate through the engine radiator. Water pump (3) will draw engine coolant from the outlet side of cab heater (8) through line (AD). The water pump will draw engine coolant through bypass tube (15) from temperature regulator housing (6). This engine coolant comes from a passage from the cylinder head to the pump. Engine coolant will be pumped through engine oil cooler (5) through passage (AA). This coolant will flow through the engine oil cooler and out through passage (AB) and to power train oil cooler (6). Most of the engine coolant flows out of the power train oil cooler to the engine block through a port. A small portion flows to the ARD through line (AC). This coolant flows through the engine block to the cylinder head. From the cylinder head, coolant flows through a passage to the temperature regulator housing (10). This cycle will repeat until the engine coolant warms enough to open the temperature regulator. When the temperature regulator opens, coolant can then flow through inlet (16) to core (2). Coolant flows through outlet (17) to water pump (3) .

Different products for different vehicles The products in the Glysantin range are supplied in different colors, but that is not the only difference. Each product contains a special additive package that is tailored to the specific demands of the cooling system and the materials used by the motor manufacturer. You can use our product finder to find out which Glysantin product is the correct choice for your vehicle. Nowadays, there are three different types of engine coolant on the market. 1. Hybrid engine coolants (containing silicates) These products contain a mixture of inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors to protect the radiator. For instance, Mercedes and BMW initially fill their vehicles with this type of coolant. The corresponding BASF products are: Glysantin Glysantin G05 2. OAT engine coolants (free of silicates) These coolants contain organic salts as corrosion inhibitors. Opel, Ford and PSA use products based on this technology. The engine coolants used in most Japanese vehicles also employ this technology. G48

The corresponding BASF products are: Glysantin Glysantin Glysantin G34 3. Si-OAT-engine coolants These products combine the advantages of engine coolants that contain silicates and those that are free of silicates. This new technology offers G30 G33

excellent protection against corrosion and a long working life. For example, the vehicles of the Volkswagen Group use this type of engine coolant. The corresponding BASF product is: Glysantin G40