EXERCISES ON PARAPHRASING Directions: Paraphrase the following. 1.

Right now, smart phones are selling like mad in the U.S. market, where sales jumped 84 percent between 2007 and 2008, according to NPD, the market-research firm. 2. There needs to be a shift to local food that is organic, free of pesticides, fertilizers, and preservatives; that is produced in ways that do not harm consumers, food workers, animals, or our soil and water; and that provides dignity to those who produce as well as consume it. 3. There have never been so many opportunities to work in the environmental field. In Canada, more than half a million people are employed in green jobs, and over one hundred thousand organizations have at least one environmental employee. 4. Although poor training and inadequate resources have caused many plagiarism problems, the Internet has added to the challenges. At University of Toronto, plagiarism related to the Internet increased from 50% to 99% of cases between 2000-2001 and 20012002. 5. The western crime wave defies easy explanation. Calgary alderman and police board member Diane Colley-Urquhart says many criminals followed the wealth to Alberta and further west. SUMMARIZING Directions: Summarize the following. 1. One of the problems with using the Internet for information is that this medium is unregulated. The information may be biased, or just plain wrong, because no authority monitors the content of the sites. How do you determine what information is accurate and credible? Ultimately, you will have to make that decision. Ask yourself whether someone would have a reason to present biased information. If at all possible, verify the information through other sources, such as newspaper or magazine articles. If the source is a scholarly article, check for a list of references, and if a list of references is provided, try to determine whether the list is credible by verifying some of the sources. Finally, credible sources often provide the credentials of the individual(s) who wrote the article. If no source is provided, be cautious. Moreover, Web sources should be evaluated like any other source. 2. Imagine you are at a party. During the evening you form impressions about the people around you. Jonte seems relaxed and even-tempered, Nicole tense and irritable. Kyndra seems open and straightforward, Bekah hostile and evasive. Amin seems happy to see you; Seth definitely is not. How do you reach these conclusions? To a surprising extent, you reach them not on the basis of what people say with words, but because of what they

say with their posture, gestures, eyes, and facial expressions. Suppose you are sitting next to Amin, and he says, This is a great party. Im really glad to be here with you. However, his body is turned slightly away from you, and he keeps looking at someone across the room. Despite what he says, you know he is not glad to be there with you. 3. Health care in the United States and Canada is currently undergoing great change. The volatility and growth of the health-care industry make it a perfect time for you as a business graduate to enter the field. Because it is a specialized and technical field, you may not have considered it. One of the goals of this book is to give you strategies to transform your credentials from a general business degree to specific marketable talents and techniques. Getting in on the ground floor of health care will accomplish that. Moreover, health cares changing climate will provide more opportunities than other paths in this book for job advancement, because as the industry shifts, realigns, consolidates, expands, and contracts, you will be given increased responsibility and opportunities to ride that growth while at the same time enhancing your own career. TOPIC SENTENCE Directions: Identify the topic sentence of each paragraph. Choose from the choices that come after each paragraph. 1. Alfred A. Tomatis (1920-2001) was one of the first educational researchers to be interested in the "Mozart effect." Tomatis used the phrase to describe the increase in intellectual ability that supposedly occurs when children listen to the music of eighteenthcentury composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Although for a while now, the media has celebrated the Mozart Effect as if it were proven fact, there is little hard evidence it exists. The idea that there really was such a thing as a Mozart Effect originated with physicist Gordon Shaw and learning researcher Frances Rauscher. Working with students from the University of California at Irvine, Rauscher and Shaw played Mozart to a few dozen subjects. Then they administered intelligence tests. The tests suggested a temporary increase in I.Q., which was attributed to the music listened to before testing. As a result of their work, Shaw and Rauscher have become famous. They are so wellknown that they have founded their own institute, the Music Intelligence Neural Development Institute. The media, never quick to examine the scientific evidence for sensational claims, has made it seem as if belief in the Mozart Effect is widely shared by the scientific community. It isnt. Thats because no one has ever been able to repeat Shaw and Rauschers results. (Source of information: Robert Todd Carroll. The Skeptic's Dictionary. New Jersey: Wiley, 2003, p.233) a. Alfred A. Tomatis (1920-2001) was one of the first educational researchers to be interested in the "Mozart effect. b. Tomatis used the phrase to describe the increase in intellectual development that supposedly occurs when children listen to the music of eighteenth-century composer Wolfgang Mozart

c. Although for a while now, the media has celebrated the Mozart Effect as if it were a proven fact, it turns out that there is little hard evidence it exists. 2. When Kentucky Derby winner, Barbaro, shattered his leg at the start of the Preakness Stakes in 2006, everyone in horse racing appeared stunned. Barbaro, a two-year-old racing wonder, had been expected to win. Instead he suffered irreparable injuries and had to withdraw. Yet when one considers the damage racing inflicts on young horses, its hard to imagine why everyone, from the owners to the fans, seemed so shocked. Horse racing is a dangerous and deadly sport for the horses, no matter how eager and spirited the animals might look at the starting gate. According to Susan Stover, a horse veterinarian at the University of California at Davis, horses sustain fatal injuries in 1.5 of every 1000 starts. The only wonder is that they do not suffer more injuries. These are young horses, whose bodies undergo almost unimaginable stress. As Jim Orsini, who treated Barbaro pointed out, "...at high speed, a horses leg bones can actually deform, and keep deforming until they or the ligaments or tendons eventually fail." Orsini ought to know. He is a professional horse surgeon. He works at Pennsylvanias New Bolton Center, where Barbaro was sent to recover. Add to the stress of regular racing the fact that race horses are bred to be thin-bonedthe thin bones help them break out from the starting gate more quicklyand you have a recipe for disaster. No wonder, Elliot Katz, a former veterinarian and president of In Defense of Animals, a San-Francisco-based animal-rights group, calls horse racing a "killer sport." (Source of information: Alfred Lubrano. "Horse Racing is Still Saddled by Cruelty Issue." Philadelphia Inquirer, May 27, 2006, p.10) a. When Kentucky Derby winner, Barbaro, shattered his leg at the start of the Preakness Stakes in 2006, everyone in horse racing appeared stunned. b. Horse racing is a dangerous and deadly sport for the horses, no matter how eager and spirited the animals might look at the starting gate. c. According to Susan Stover, a horse veterinarian at the University of California at Davis, horses sustain fatal injuries in 1.5 of every 1000 starts. 3. Mount Everest, the towering mountain located between the two countries of Tibet and Nepal, is Earths highest point above sea level. The mountains challenging and aweinspiring height is one reason why so many people have been obsessed by the desire to climb it and died trying. In 1924, British explorers George Mallory and Andrew Irvine cheerily set off to climb Everests heights, disappeared from view, and were never seen again. Mallorys body was discovered in 1999, but there was no indication of whether or not he had made it to the top. Since that time, its estimated that around 2,000 climbs have been attempted with 180 people dying as a result. The worse year for deaths was 1996, when twelve people lost their lives while trying to summit. The next year was not much better. Eight people died trying to reach Everests icy peak. Most recently, in May of 2006, a New Zealander named David Sharp made it to the top in his third summit attempt, but he died of cold and oxygen deprivation around 1,000 feet into his descent. (Source of information:www.factmonster.com/spot/everest2.html)

a. Mount Everest, the towering mountain located between the two countries of Tibet and Nepal, is Earths highest point above sea level. b. The mountains challenging and awe-inspiring height is one reason why so many people have been obsessed by the desire to climb it and died trying. c. In 1924, British explorers George Mallory and Andrew Irvine cheerily set off to climb Everests height, disappeared from view, and were never seen again. 4. In 1974, Congress passed the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. Also known as the Buckley amendment, the new legislation specified who was allowed to view student records. The Buckley amendment also defined the conditions under which the records might be seen. Not surprisingly, parents of school-age children were the biggest winners from the passage of the amendment, which gave them access to their childrens records and evaluations. Previously they had been kept from seeing the official judgments that so powerfully affected their childrens lives. For example, prior to the new legislation, parents had not been allowed to see paperwork justifying why children were held back or placed in a special education class. After the legislation was passed, any school denying parents the right to review their childrens records could lose federal funding. a. In 1974, Congress passed the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. b. Also known as the Buckley amendment, the new legislation specified who was allowed to view student records c. Not surprisingly, parents of school-age children were the biggest winners from the passage of the Buckley amendment, which gave them access to their childrens records and evaluations. 5. Web logs, or as they are more commonly known, "blogs" regularly record in cyberspace the personal and political views of the people who post them. To hear diehard bloggers tell it, their regular, sometimes daily, postings have brought about a cultural revolution. Whether the blogger is conservative or progressive, the message seems to be the same: Traditional news sources are no longer of interest. People are getting their news from blogs instead. While there is some small truth to that claim, its still pretty obvious that newspapers continue to sell and that many Americans still watch the nightly news. However, thats not to say that bloggers havent had a powerful impact. On the contrary, blogs have enormously enlarged public access to information about key current events. For instance, in 2004, it was a blogger who proclaimed, correctly as it turned out, that a news story about George W. Bushs national guard record was based on doctored evidence. In another incident that showed blogger ingenuity, book editor Russ Kick beat out experienced journalists after he read that the U.S. military was clamping down on press photos of coffins arriving in the states from Iraq. Outraged by what he saw as censorship, Kick immediately filed a Freedom of Information Act request. As a result of his request, Kick got a CD from the air force showing photos of the coffins coming home. He then posted the photos on his web log to the embarrassment of members of the national press, who were forced to beat a path to his door. No one among conventional news journalists had thought to ask whether the military had pictures. It took a blogger to

do it. (Source of information: http://www.federalrepublic.net/?p=21; http://www.time.com/time/personoftheyear/2004/poymoments.html) a. Web logs or, as they are more commonly known, "blogs" regularly record in cyberspace the personal and political views of the people who post them. b. Whether the blogger is conservative or progressive, the message seems to be the same: Traditional news sources are no longer of interest. c. On the contrary, blogs have enormously enlarged public access to information about key current events.