Vocabulary Academic and Professional Words

Egyptian Arabic Lesson 18 If he has good grades...

Other Nouns

Adjectives

General Secondary Exam science score, grade, total tourism and hotels pharmacy engineering scientist, scholar writer, literary person design architecture public relations author pharmacist tuition grade, mark, score

c c ilm uluum c c magmuu magamii issiyaaa wilfanaadi aydala handasa c c aalim ulamaa adiib udabaa
issanawiyya l amma
c

period dawn joke gulf desert border difference errand

fatra fagr nukta nukat xaliig

araa add uduud

ixtifaaf ixtilaafaat miwaar maawiir

tamiim fann ilcimaraat

c

Verbs

alaqaat camma

kaatib kuttaab
aydali

maariif ittacliim daraga daragaat

intending crazy needing, needy in a hurry certain

naawi nawiyyiin magnuun maganiin mitaag mitagiin mistacgil mistacgiliin mitakkid mitakkidiin

Other Words

to grow close to request to repeat to accept to intend to differ to need

arrab yiarrab
alab yulub
c

aad yiciid

ibil yibal nawa yinwi ixtalaf yixtilif itaag yitaag

to be accepted itabal yitibil

especially usually

xuuuan
c

aadatan

Expressions and Proverbs

May God help you.

rabbina yikuun fi coonak

c

May the same happen to you. (Said as a good wish or in response to

congratulations-particularly as regards marriage or children.)

ubaalak

May God give you strength. Congratulations! May God bless you. (response to Congratulations.)

rabbina yiciik ilcaafiya mabruuk allaah yibaarik fiik allaah yixalliik

May God preserve you. (= ank you, said in response to a service

or enquiry after ones health. May be used with other pronouns.)

Dialogue Assignment 1) Work with a partner and take turns talking about your future plans. Ask them what they will do if parts of the plan do not work out (for example if your partner says I want to move to Alaska you should ask If you couldnt go to Alaska where would you go). Use compete sentences in each response.

Drills 1. Translate the following sentences into English.

. . . . .
2. Replace the word with the word to form a conditional sentence. Translate your answer into English. Example: Prompt: . Answer: . If you see Adil, tell him to call me.

. .

. . .

3. Make sentences that are contrary to fact. Replace the word with the words and and then translate both sentences. Example: Prompt: Answer: If we dont do this, what will happen. --> If we hadnt done this, what would have happened.

. . .

. .

4. Transform into conditional sentences with and in appropriate places. Translate your answer into English. Examples #1: Prompt: . Answer: . If we hadnt been busy, we would have come. Example #2: Prompt: . Answer: . If he hadnt received a good score, he would be entering the College of Engineering.

. .

. . .

5. Translate the following sentences into Arabic. If they were going to go to Syria, they would have told me. If I didnt like water I wouldnt live near the gulf. If they come before 10:00 p.m. we will all go together. If I leave after 3:00 I will have to be in a hurry. If I had left before 3:00 I wouldnt have had to be in a hurry. If I werent crazy, I wouldnt study Arabic.

EA 18 Language Notes
1. Conditionals Both fua and colloquial have two kinds of conditional sentences, which may be referred to as possible conditionals and contrary to fact conditionals. With possible conditionals, the speaker assumes that there is at least a chance that what he is saying might happen. For example: If you study hard, you will succeed If Mahmoud arrives tomorrow, Ill speak to him about this. e implication here is that the speaker thinks that there is a chance the person might study hard, and therefore really might succeed, and that there is a chance that Mahmoud may arrive tomorrow, and that therefore hell be able to speak to him. Contrary to fact conditional sentences, in contrast, have the implication that the speaker thinks that what he is talking about will not or cannot happen, and that therefore the results wont happen either. e whole thing is hypothetical. For example: If I were king, I would free all the slaves in the land. If you had arrived last night, Maryam wouldnt have left. e implication of these sentences is that the speaker realizes that he will never be king, and therefore never be in a position to free all the slaves, and that in fact you did NOT arrive last night, and therefore Maryam did leave. To understand Arabic conditionals, it is very important to keep a distinction in your mind between possible conditionals and contrary to fact conditionals. Unfortunately, this distinction is marked somewhat differently in fua than it is in colloquial. In fua, the main distinction is born by the conditional particle. and ,usually followed by either a perfect or jussive verb, are used for possible conditions, while ,followed by a perfect, is used for contrary to fact conditions. For more details, see a fua grammar book. In colloquial, things are a little more involved. Some speakers do maintain the distinction between and on the one hand, and on the other, but many do not. is means that from a learners point of view, any particular use of ,or could be either possible OR contrary to fact. e real distinction between the two types of sentences in colloquial, therefore, is not in the word used to mean if, but rather in the way the sentence is constructed after the if. Conditional sentences always have two parts, the if clause, and the result clause. ere are (as always) additional details, but the main distinction between possible and contrary to fact conditionals in colloquial is that possible conditionals do not have a form of the verb in the RESULT clause, while contrary to fact conditionals always have a form of the verb in the RESULT clause. Compare: Possible:

. If you go home, youll see Karim there.

Contrary to Fact:

. If you had gone home, you would have seen Karim there.
e other details include the following: (1) In possible conditionals, the verb of the IF clause must either be past tense (even if the meaning is present tense or future), or it must be preceded by a past tense form of the verb .For example:

 If she is studying English in America, Ill be able to speak . with her when she returns. . If she arrives early, shell come to the restaurant with us. . If she is going to arrive early, tell her to come to the
restaurant with us.

(2) Notice in the above examples of possible conditionals that the IF clause is marked with a special tense (either with a form of or with a past tense verb), but that the RESULT clause is left alone. (3) In contrary to fact conditionals, in which the RESULT clause is always marked with a form of ,the IF clause is optionally marked with as well. For example:

. If Ashraf were studying English, he would have understood what I said to him.

. If Ashraf were studying English, he would have understood what I said to him.

Remember that the in the RESULT clause of contrary to fact conditionals is obligatory, while the in the IF clause is optional. (4) Remember also that although some speakers use and for possible conditionals and for contrary to fact conditionals, as in the above examples, other speakers mix them seemingly randomly. You can substitute for and for in the above examples with no change of meaning, since the meaning is carried by the use of . (5) In both English and Arabic, it is most common to leave the word then out of an if-then sentence: If you come at noon, (then) you will be able to eat lunch with us. If you want to add the equivalent of then to a possible conditional, use the form .is means something like then it is true that or then it must be true that:

. If that is your opinion, then you didnt study the matter

well.

If you see Sharif in the market, then you will know that . he is not sick today.

2. Here is the conjugation of a typical Form I Defective verb. Remember that Form I defective verbs have a variety of vowel patterns and this is only one example

Imperative

a- Imperfect

bi- Imperfect

Plain Imperfect

Perfect

Pronoun

a- Imperfect ayibni atibni

bi- Imperfect biyibni bitibni bitibni bitibni babni biyibnu bitibnu binibni binaa baani

Plain Imperfect yibni tibni tibni tibni abni yibnu yibnu nibni

Perfect
bana banit baneet baneeti baneet

Pronoun huwwa hiyya inta inti ana humma intu ina

Imperative

ibni ibni

atibni atibni abni

ayibnu ibnu atibnu anibni

banu baneetu baneena

Verbal Noun Active Participle