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4 18 2013

Fullerene Superconductors Belong

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by extreme conditions, Y. Le Godec

(France), Adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure in deep-sea archaeal

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high-pressure minerals using multianvil apparatus T. Irifune (Japan)

.

http://ehprg2012.
web.auth.gr.
,

Prof. Alain
Polian (Institut de Minralogie et de
Physique des Milieux Condenss
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Catania, Italy).
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55 . Chemische
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1900 W.C. Rntgen , A.
Sommerfeld

1883
P. Groth . Groth
.
Zeitschrift fr Kristallographie

. 1922 25
.
T Sommerfeld,
Boltzmann
.

Sommerfeld .
L. Hopf, W. Friedrich P. Debye,
Sommerfeld

Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen

The Nobel Foundation

Paul von Groth

14

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http://phenomenon.physics.auth.gr




Lutz.
Herglotz, Carathodory
Schoenflies. Rntgen
.

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Heisenberg, W. Pauli, P. Debye,
H. Bethe Nobel,
, W. Heitler,
R. Peierls, K. Bechert, H. Brck, P.
Ewald, E. Feenberg, H. Frhlich,
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Hopf, A. Kratzer, O. Laporte, W.
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.

Sommerfeld, L. Pauling, I. Rabi
and Max von Laue,
Nobel, , W. Allis,
E. Condon, C. Eckart, E.C. Kemble,
W. V. Houston, K. Herzfeld, W.
Kossel, P. M. Morse, H. Robertson,
W. Rubinowicz W. Rogowski
. Max
Born
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Sommerfeld:
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Max von Laue

The Nobel Foundation

1909 Laue,
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Bismarckstrasse

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(CaSO4), Groth.

W. H. Bragg , W. L. Bragg
The Nobel Foundation

P. P. Ewald
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 Physikalische Zeitschrift
1913, 14, 465-472.
Ewald
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Gttingen

Laue-Friedrich- Knipping.
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The Nobel Foundation

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The Nobel Foundation

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Dorothy Crowfoot odgkin, Linus Carl Pauling, Max F. Perutz, John C. Kendrew
The Nobel Foundation

. (ZnS),
(NaCl), (PbS).

.
.
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(1890-1971), William Henry
Bragg,
Cambridge,
Laue
,
Pope
Barlow . ZnS
,
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.
William Lawrence Bragg

Pt-L
NaCl
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Cl KCl. .

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of short electromagnetic waves by
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Pt,
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.
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, ,

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Aaron Klug, Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle

The Nobel Foundation

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Nobel 1915
25 . o 1916

Debye Scherrer.
o Hull
.

1936
Peter Debye


X .
1940-1945
. T 1945
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin -

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Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
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1954 Linus
Pauling

. To 1959, J. Kendrew, M.
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.
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Karle, Hauptman, Harker, Kasper,
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. 1953 Rosalind Franklin

Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel

The Nobel Foundation

.
1972,
Ch. .
Anfinsen
S. Moore W. H. Stein
A. Klug
Nobel 1982 -

Georges Charpak, Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

The Nobel Foundation

Watson Crick
DNA.
Franklin
tobacco viruses. 1961 C. B.
Anfinsen

,


. S. Moore W.H.
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18

DNA tobacco virus.

1985 H.
A. Hauptman J. Karle

. 1988
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,

.
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MWPC (Multi Wire
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Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley

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To Nobel 2011 Dan. Shechtman

(quasicrystals). Nobel
2012 R. J. Lefko
witz B. K. Kobilka
G .

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.


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, 4- 5-
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Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath

The Nobel Foundation

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.
Laue
ragg

multi wire proportional tracking
chamber Charpak
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syn
chrotron. (< 0.02 mm
)
synchrotron
wigglers undulators
XFELS (X-ray Free
Electron Lasers).

Dan Shechtman, Robert J. Lefkowitz, Brian K. Kobilka

The Nobel Foundation Photo: Stewart Waller/PR Newswire. HHMI

Photo: Stanford University

(ROPAN) -

, (PK-PKI3)
Charpak
EMBL - Heidelberg
(HU-DNA Binding Protein)
synchrotron DESY
L - Hamburg

DORIS Beamline BW7A wiggler. ,

26.9 h 1956 12.4 h
465,525 .

4 18 2013

19

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2097
1956

524
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3: H PK
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3

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180
19,641 Da. 212121
a=64.07
() b=66.84() c=133.82() .

(HgCl2) a=63.30 () b=66.80()
c=133.40().

Siemens/NicoIet MWPC (CHARPAK) -100

Elott GX Cuk.
0.250
(frame).
XDS W. Kabsch. 1.

20

3. HU-DNA binding protein

40 m .
( ).

DORIS Beamline
BW7A (Wiggler) .. 1.0727
Angstroms 100K
0.1x0.1mm. 496 (images) 0.2
deg. (ie ~99deg of data) ca 90s
/per image. 465525 12.4 h.
Mar165 CCD 100mm
xtal-detector .

denzo/scalepack. Laue 4/
mmm. P43212.

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4.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Heinrich_von_Groth
5. http://www.nobel.org/nobel_s/
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6.The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901. Nobelprize.org.
7.The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914. Nobelprize.org.
8.The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915. Nobelprize.org.
9.The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992. Nobelprize.org.
10.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.
Nobelprize.org.
11.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.
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12.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.
Nobelprize.org.
13.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.
Nobelprize.org.
14.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.
Nobelprize.org.
15.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.
Nobelprize.org.
16.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
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17.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
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18.The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.
Nobelprize.org.
19.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.
Nobelprize.org.
20. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.
Nobelprize.org.
21.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.
Nobelprize.org.
22.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.
Nobelprize.org.
23. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
physics/laureates/1915/wl-bragg-bio.html

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A. Laskarakis, D. Georgiou, C.
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http://en.wikipedia.org
http://cxc.harvard.edu/index.html
http://hubblesite.org
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PHEV, i-MiEV, Ford Focus, Fiat 500
EV, Roehr Motorcycle Company,
Smith Electric Vehicles, BYD,
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4 18 2013

31


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(References)
[1] Tarascon, J. M.; Armand, M., Issues and
challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries.
Nature 2001, 414, (6861), 359-367.
[2] Scrosati, B.; Garche, J., Lithium batteries:
Status, prospects and future. Journal of Power
Sources 2010, 195, (9), 2419-2430.
[3] The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 ,
Energy Environ. Sci., 2009, 2, 589609
[4] Delmas, C.; Maccario, M.; Croguennec, L.;
Le Cras, F.; Weill, F., Lithium deintercalation in
LiFePO4 nanoparticles via a domino-cascade
model. Nat Mater 2008, 7, (8), 665-671.
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiFePO4

http://phenomenon.physics.auth.gr

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