Felicia Gossett AP Biology 1B

Chapter 19 Vocab
1. Species: Concept of one or more populations whose members are capable of interbreeding in nature to produce fertile offspring and do not interbreed with member of other species. Analogy: Car companies that dont join together with other car companies, but combine some of their best cars to make better cars. 2. Taxonomy: The science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms. Analogy: A person who studies different types of cars, and classifies them from best to worst. 3. Biological species concept: See species. Analogy: Same one as species. 4. Evolutionary species concept: An alternative to the biological species concept in which, for a population to be declared a separate species, it must have undergone evolution long enough for statistically significant differences to emerge. Analogy: When one car company has two different places they have their company located, and over time they divide into two different companies. 5. Reproductive isolating mechanisms: The reproductive barriers that prevent a species from interbreeding with another species; as a result, each species gene pool is isolated from other species. Analogy: When two car companies want to merge, but their styles are so different that the outcome car would not thrive on the market. 6. Prezygotic barriers: One of several reproductive-isolating mechanisms that interfere with fertilization between male and female gametes of different species; e.g., temporal isolation, habitat isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, and gametic isolation. Analogy: When two car companies want to merge, but they are both either too far away from each other, their styles are too different, they produce new cars at different times of the year, etc. 7. Temporal isolation: A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which genetic exchange is prevented between similar species because they reproduce at different times of the day, season, or year. Analogy: Two similar car companies who want to merge, but they both produce new cars at different times during the year. 8. Habitat isolation: A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which reproduction between similar species is prevented because they live and breed in different habitats. Analogy: Two purse companies want to merge, but they only merge with neighboring companies. 9. Behavioral isolation/sexual isolation: A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which reproduction between similar species is prevented because each group exhibits its own characteristic courtship between behavior; also called sexual isolation. Analogy: A trashy guy trying to court a classy girl. The girl is not interested. 10. Mechanical isolation: A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which fusing of the gametes of two species is prevented by morphological or anatomical differences. Analogy: When two car companies want to merge, but the structure of each car is too different. 11. Gametic isolation: A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which sexual reproduction between two closely related species cant occur because of chemical differences in the gametes. Analogy: Two car companies want to merge, but they cant because they both use different types of gas.

12. Postzygotic barriers: One of several reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent gene flow between species after fertilization has taken place; e.g., hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, and hybrid breakdown. Analogy: When two car companies are merging, but their hybrid car wont turn on. 13. Hybrid inviability: A postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which the embryonic development of an interspecific hybrid is aborted. Analogy: When two car companies are merging, but they get frustrated and abort the merge halfway. 14. Hybrid sterility: A postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which an interspecific hybrid cant reproduce successfully. Analogy: When two car companies cant merge, because their employers cannot cooperate. 15. Hybrid breakdown: A postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which, although an interspecific hybrid is fertile and produces a second (F2) generation, the F2 has defects that prevent it from successfully reproducing. Analogy: When two car companies merge and produce a new line of cars, that car has electrical defects and they cannot make any more cars. 16. Speciation: Evolution of new species. Analogy: The evolution of a new car company. 17. Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs when one population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species and subsequently evolves. Analogy: When a car company adds another location for their company, but the company evolves into a separate company because the location needs different types of cars to thrive. 18. Sympatric speciation: The evolution of new species within the same geographical region as the parental species. Analogy: When a section of the Newspaper stumbles upon several good stories, that section begins to change their type of stories from the rest of the Newspaper, because theyre getting more readers. 19. Ploidy: The number of chromosome sets in a nucleus or cell. Analogy: The number of the same restaurants in a state. 20. Polyploidy: The condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes per nucleus. Analogy: Having too many gas pumps full of the same type of gas at a certain gas station. 21. Autopolyploidy: A polyploid whose chromosomes are derived from a single species. Analogy: A gas pump whose gas is from a single gas company. 22. Allopolyploid: A polyploid whose chromosomes are derived from two species. Analogy: A gas pump whose gas is from two gas companies. 23. Hybridization: 1) Interbreeding between members of two different taxa; 2) Interbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents; 3) In molecular biology, complementary base pairing between nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) strands from different sources. Analogy: