Damith Guruge

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ICT107 Principles of Information Systems Tutorial 2 Problem Identification and problem solving

TO DO: (internal and external students) Exercise 1: Givens, operations and goals (hand in) What are the givens, operations and goals in each of the following problems? Playing a game of chess Going to a shop in Midland to buy bread mix Changing a car tyre in the rain Problem
Win a game of chess

Given
played on a chessboard, a square checkered board with 64 squares , follow the rules A car , a map or GPS, money, shopping A spare tyre, jack and wheel brace , raining environment , flat tyre

Operation
attack and capture the opponent's pieces, with the object of the game being to checkmate the opponent's king To drive the car to Midland, work to the shop , find the bread mix, pay the money for the bread mix Put the jack on the car and remove the flat tyre, then replace the spare tyre

Goal
To win the game by defeating the other player according to the game rules Get the bread mix for prepare the sandwich

Buy the bread mix

Changing the car tyre

To move the car to the expected destination safely

Exercise 2: Puzzle, problem or mess? (hand in) Are the following examples of puzzles, problems or messes in Ackoffs classification? Explain your reasoning in each case. A crossword : This is a puzzle, it has well define methods & the goal is to fill
blanks with letters, forming words or phrases by solving clues which lead to the answers

Rebranding a university: This is a problem, the methods are semi-structured

for the solution with the intention of developing a new position in the mind of the people.

Draughts (checkers) :This is a puzzle. It has well defined methods & rules to
follow the game. One has to moves the pieces to the adjoining square and captures by jumping over the opponents pieces. Building a leave application and recording system: This is a problem. There may be some quantification but also some unknowns, so solution may be semi-structured. As a result there can be different solutions which is differ from the persons to person involve to develop the system ,the using methods ,software and other tools use to develop the system .

Building a university timetabling system (to schedule lectures and other teaching activities) : This is a puzzle , It has well define methods &
rules to follow to build the time table. The Universitys term dates and formal teaching weeks are set out and hours for scheduled teaching to Monday Friday for the term fixed and finalized.

Exercise 6: University parking problem stakeholder views of a complex problem (hand in) Parking can be a problem at Murdoch University, particularly during semester (its not so bad at other times). Something needs to be done but what? Identify as many different stakeholders as you can (stakeholders are people or organisations who are concerned with the problem and its solution). Environmentalist, administration, staff members, students, visitors What different views might each stakeholder have on the problem? Environmentalist: Smash of the trees, effect on birds and other creatures life, increase air pollution & soil pollution Administration: allocating more space for car park, spend for developing and
infrastructure; build a two storey car park building, funds for investment, safety of the vehicles

Staff members: if car park widens long distance to walk for lecture halls &
office so it will cause for lateness,

Students: have to walk long distance for classes, parking fee, have to come early to park in a near place to the classes, safety of the vehicles Visitors: car park fee, direction for the office and lecture rooms, safety of the vehicles 2

What potential solutions might they suggest? Environmentalist: plant more trees, allocate more space for bicycles and motor bicycles, use public transports Administration: increase the car park fees; limit the hours for a vehicle park in
a day, free shuttle service for station to university and university to station in several times in a day, promote public transport services

Staff members: promote public transport time tables, introduce staff transport, introduce concession public transport card Students: promote public transport, promote students concession travel cards,
allow students car park for the students who have the classes in their timetable other days they have to buy a ticket for parking for that day. Visitors: parking charges for hourly rate, allocate three separate spaces for Staff, students and visitors, place more paying machines, sign boards for directions

What unwanted side effects could there be for each of the possible solutions? Environmentalist: Inconvenience and more time, weather changers, need more bicycle paths, safety problems, lateness affected to the classes Administration: extra cost for shuttle servicers, get loans from bank or other
party for construct new building and other infrastructure

Staff members: lateness will effect to the lectures, inconvenience for travel
public transport, have to wait for the next bus or train which scheduled in timetable, effect to the prestige of the lectures and some high rank staff members,

Students: have to wait for a long time to the public transport, spend more time on
public transport than travailing on a vehicle. Have to come early to get a near place for the classes Visitors: too much of parking fees, have to walk too much,