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A Review of Bus Route Network Design Procedures: Multi-objective optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms
S. M. Hassan Mahdavi M
Research Scholar, Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
K. Ramachandra Rao
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
Geetam Tiwari
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Room 815, 7th Floor Main Building, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
Efficient utilization of resources depending upon optimal networking of routes and frequency of buses.
Transitions in optimization procedures over time
How efficient all components of bus transit system are being integrated?
1. Objective function
2. Data required
3. Assignment models
4. Optimization algorithms
Route Construction Shortest path algorithms
Single Objective
Multi Objective
Demand estimation
Demand parameters
Operational parameters Type 1: Pareto optimality models Type 2: Bi level mixed integer models Type 3: Weighted sum models Transfer related parameters
i n 1 j n
i 1 j i 1
d t
ij ij
Passenger
Operator Constraints
Objectives being aggregated in a weighted function and converted into single objective function.
Passenger
Operator Constraints
d
i 1 j i 1
ij
pij B
i n 1 j n
i 1 j i 1
d t
ij ij
Passenger
Operator Constraints
Operator perspective
Minimize : Co Ll
l 1
Based on: Minimizing Total Users travel cost Total Operating Cost
Including Externalities
Based on:
Minimizaing Passenger cost [satisfied demand [in-vehicle travel time + waiting time + transfer penalty] unsatisfied demand] + Operator Cost [Round trip time + waiting time at round trip + frequency of kth route]
Frequency feasibility
Load Factor Fleet size 3 5 Trip length Length of bus lanes
6 7
8 9
10
12 14
Accessibility
Route directness
11 13
BRNDP Example
Constraints
Frequency Load factor Fleet size Trip length Bus lanes Transfer
Objective function
Multi objective function Weighted sum approach Bi level mixed integer Pareto optimality
1 2 3
Minimize : Z A
r
i n 1 j n
i 1 j i 1
ij
pij B
i n 1 j n
i 1 j i 1
d t
ij ij
4
Optimization Procedure
Sensitivity Analysis
6 7
1. Objective function
2. Data required
3. Assignment models
4. Optimization algorithms
Route Construction Shortest path algorithms
Single Objective
Multi Objective
Demand estimation
Demand parameters
Operational parameters Type 1: Pareto optimality models Type 2: Bi level mixed integer models Type 3: Weighted sum models Transfer related parameters
Demand estimation
Parameters Decision Variables Design Variables
Level of service + Perception of operational agency + Configuration of Bus transit network structure +
1 Fixed Demand
Assuming demand given in network
Objective function
Multi objective function Weighted sum approach Bi level mixed integer Pareto optimality
1
Data required
Parameters
Demand Operational Transfer related Travel time related Network structure
2 3
4
Optimization Procedure
Sensitivity Analysis
6 7
1. Objective function
2. Data required
3. Assignment models
4. Optimization algorithms
Route Construction Shortest path algorithms
Single Objective
Multi Objective
Demand estimation
Demand parameters
Operational parameters Type 1: Pareto optimality models Type 2: Bi level mixed integer models Type 3: Weighted sum models Transfer related parameters
Hybrid transit trip assignment Multiple transit trip assignment All-or-Nothing demand assignments
Objective function
Multi objective function Weighted sum approach Bi level mixed integer Pareto optimality
1 2 3
Data required
4
Optimization Procedure
Sensitivity Analysis
6 7
1. Objective function
2. Data required
3. Assignment models
4. Optimization algorithms
Route Construction Shortest path algorithms
Single Objective
Multi Objective
Demand estimation
Demand parameters
Operational parameters Type 1: Pareto optimality models Type 2: Bi level mixed integer models Type 3: Weighted sum models Transfer related parameters
BRNDP Optimization
Optimization algorithms
Step 1 Step 2 Route construction
Meta- Heuristics
Step 3 Evolutionary algorithms Type 1: Genetic Algorithm Type 2: Simulated annealing
Heuristic Meta-Heuristic
BRNDP Example
Objective function Constraints Shortest path algorithm Multi objective function Connectivity check Frequency Weighted sum approach Example: Load factor Bi level mixed integer Fleet size Depth-first search Pareto optimality Trip length breadth-first search Bus lanes
Transfer
1 2 3
Data required
4
Optimization Procedure
Sensitivity Analysis
6 7
BRNDP Example
Evolutionary algorithms as a population based methods
1 2
Optimization Procedure
Meta-Heauristic approach Evolutionary algorithm Genetic algorithm Simulated annealing Immune clone annealing
4
5
Sensitivity Analysis
6 7
BRNDP Example
Objective function Constraints Multi objective function Small Network test Frequency
Load factor Fleet size Trip length Bus lanes Transfer Weighted sum approach Bi level mixed integer Pareto optimality
1 2 3
Data required
4
5
Optimization Procedure
Sensitivity Analysis
6 7
Objective function
Multi objective function Weighted sum approach Bi level mixed integer Pareto optimality
1
Data required
Parameters
Demand Operational Transfer related Travel time related Network structure
2 3
Optimization Procedure
Meta-Heauristic approach Evolutionary algorithm Genetic algorithm Simulated annealing Immune clone annealing
4
5
Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity to evolutionary algorithm operators Sensitivity to parameters
6 7
Title
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Department of Civil Engineering Transportation Engineering URBAN MOBILITY CONFERENCE INDIA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, 05 December 2013
A Review of Bus Route Network Design Procedures: Multi-objective optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms
E-Mail: smh.mahdavi@gmail.com
Thank You
S. M. Hassan Mahdavi M
Research Scholar, Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
K. Ramachandra Rao
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
Geetam Tiwari
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Room 815, 7th Floor Main Building, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India