Homework I: Size Measurement, Size Distribution (due January 21, 2009) 1.

Between what two circle numbers on the Porton graticule will the image of a 1m particle fall when viewed with a 43 objective and a 15 eyepiece? Circle number 10 has an image diameter of 9.9 mm. (10%) 2. (a) A straight fiber has an aspect ratio of 5:1. If the fiber is viewed perpendicular to its axis, what is the maximum ratio of Ferets diameter to projected area diameter? (b) For particles having a square projected cross section, what is the ratio of Ferets diameter (averaged over all orientations) to the projected area diameter? (12%) 3. A particle has a smooth, circular cross section of diameter dp. The fractal dimension of the particle's perimeter is to be estimated by fitting a four-sided and a six-sided regular inscribed polygon to the circle. Based only on this information, what fractal dimension is estimated for this step size range. [Hint: The length b of the side of a regular inscribed polygon with n sides is b = dp sin(180o/n).] (15%) 4. Fumed silica produced by aerosol process is an agglomerate following a power law (fractal-like). Professor Ulrich just produced some fumed silica following an algorithm that generates the structure with Df = 2. The radius of gyration of the agglomerate, Rg, equals 1 m; the primary particle size, dpo, equals 5 nm; and the prefactor, A, equals 1.23. (a) What is the total number of primary particles in the agglomerate? (b) The agglomerate is heated and coalesces to form a spherical particle. What is the radius of the particle? (c) If dp0 is doubled, what is the new value of Rg? Assume the same growth algorithm for large and small primary particles; the number of particles remains the same. (d) An agglomerate with Rg = 0.5 m, composed of the same primary particles (dpo = 5 nm) with the same Df collides and sticks to the original Rg = 1 m agglomerate. What is the new value of Rg, assuming that Df is preserved? (20%) 5. Measurement from a utility boiler shows the aerosol has a lognormal size distribution with a geometric mean particle diameter of 0.3 m and g of 1.5. If the number concentration is 106 #/cc, what is the mass concentration? Particles are spherical with a density of 4.5 g/cm3. (15%)

6. You are given the following data, obtained by sequential sieving of a sample of granite dust: Sieve opening (m) 200 100 50 40 Final Pan Total Mass captured on Sieve (g) 4.0 21.6 38.4 8.0 8.0 80.0

Determine the mass median diameter and geometric standard deviation of this distribution using log-probability graph paper. Use the appropriate conversion equation to determine the count median diameter and mass mean diameter. (15%) 7. (a) An aerosol is mixed with radon gas, resulting in a surface coating of radioactive radon decay products on the particles. The aerosol is then divided into eight aerodynamic size groups, and the radioactivity of each size group is measured. How can this information be used to calculate the count median diameter if the distribution is lognormal? All particles have the same density and are geometrically similar. Assume the log-probability graph paper is available. (b) For particles less than 0.05 m, light extinction efficiency is proportional to dp4. If an aerosol is lognormally distributed with a CMD of 0.01 m and a GSD of 1.8, what is the diameter of average extinction efficiency? (20%) 8. A powder company generates their powder using an aerosol technique. The measurement of the generated powder indicates that 16% of the total particles is contributed by particles less than 0.3 m and 2.5% by particles larger than 2.4 m. Assuming the powder is lognormally distributed, calculate the d pg and g. (10%)