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Vitamin A is metabolized in the kidney to the peripheral tissues with the help of transport proteins. Xerophthalmia is a symptom of mild vitamin A deficiency. (xx) Vitamin D plays a critical role in the bodys use of calcium and potassium. Too much Vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia, damaging calcium deposited in the kidneys, lungs, blood vessels and heart (xc) The most important vitamin E are alpha, beta, gama, and delta tocopherols. Alpha- form ismost biologically active form. (cc) Vitamin A - remodels small bone into large bone. Vitamin D- involves with bone growth. (cc) Vitamin K is known as clotting vitamin, its deficiency in infants may lead to bleeding in the brain and other vital organs. Vitamin E is an antisterility vitamin its deficiency may lead to decreased urinary excretion of creatine and increased excretion of creatinine.(cx) The absorption of sodium does not require energy. The regulation of Sodium is controlled by aldosterone. (xC) Hyponatremia is a metabolic condition in which there is not enough sodium (salt) in the body fluids outside the cells. Plasma sodium levels of 135 mM or less are dangerous and can result in seizures and coma. (cX) Calcium and Magnesium share a common transport mechanism for transfer across the intestinal membrane. A high level of one of them decreases absorption of the other. (cc) Fatal hypermagnesemia is caused by an Epson salt enema. Hypomagnesemic tetany is a magnesium toxicity observed among infants and children suffering from kwashiorkor (cx) Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of the intrinsic factor because of inadequate formation of RBC because of Vit. B12 deficiency. Malabsorption anemia caused by the presence of inhibitors during iron absorption (cc) Zinc deficiency can cause Loss of taste and Periodontal gum disease. Excessive supplementation can causes, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal cramps and decrease in HDLcholesterol in adult males. (cc) About 92.4% of Filipinos have gum diseases and 78% have dental caries (xx) Ascorbic acid is the most stable and easily destroyed. Almost completely absorbed in small intestine (xc) Three active forms of Vitamin A except; a. dehydroretinol b. Retinol c. retinoic acid d. none of the above all are forms of Vitamin K1 except a. phylloquinone b. phytonadione c. menaquinone d. Menaphthone All are synthetic form of vitamin K except a. Menapthone b. Menadione c. Phytonadione d. Menaquinone Bone making & maintenance team a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K Most common pro-vitamin A a. Beta-carotene b. Phrynoderma c. Retinal d. Retinol Minerals essential for human nutrition a. Magnesium b. Potassium c. Fluorine d. Sodium Base forming minerals except a. Calcium b. Phosphorus c. Potassium d. Magnesium A term used to denote a low level of Ca in the blood. a. Hypocalcemia b. Hypokalemia c. Hyponatremia d. All of the above All are symptoms attributable to K + deficiency, except. a. Apathy b. Muscular weakness c. Petechiae d. Mental confusion Lowers blood levels of K+ by promoting its movement into cells. a. Salbutamol b. Insulin c. ACE inhibitors d. Bicarbonate therapy All are symptoms of osteoporosis, except. a. Pain in bones and muscles, particularly in the back b. Deformity of the spine

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c. Decrease in height d. None of the above Too much fluorine intake in the oral cavity can cause? a. mottling of enamel b. chronic fluoride intoxication c. periodontal disease d. dental caries Trace minerals that can decrease risk of dental caries a. Molybdenum b. Chromium c. Fluorine d. Iron A burning sensation in the tongue and mouth, Fungal infections in your mouth and Swelling of your tongue are effect of what mineral deficiency? a. Iron b. Zinc c. Fluorine d. Selenium Zinc is absorbed mainly in the a. upper jejunum. b. Small intestine c. Duodenum d. Liver Lack of Selenium results in, Except a. Growth retardation b. Cataract formation c. Lack of Spermatogenesis d. None of the above Acts as catalyst for a number of enzymes necessary in glucose, protein and fat metabolism a. Manganese b. Zinc c. Selenium d. Chlorine The RNI for Mn in children (1-12 years old) a. 2-3mg/day b. 1.8mg/day c. 1.2 1.9mg/day d. 2.2 mg In what amount of Mn in the Diet can result to a depressing effect on body metabolism. a. 1000ppm-2000ppm b. 1000mg/day-2000mg/day c. 2000ppm-3000ppm d. 2000mg/day-3000mg/day Which of the following is not a water soluble vitamin? a. Thiamine b. Riboflavin c. Retinol d. Ascorbic acid e. Folic Acid Which of the following is required in greater amounts if planning a pregnancy? a. Thiamine b. Cyanocobalamin c. Folic acid d. None of the above Severe thiamine deficiency causes a. Scurvy b. Pellagra c. Beri beri d. None of the above Which B vitamin is essential for formation of red blood cells? a. Thiamine b. Vitamin B12 c. Cholecalciferol d. Cyanocobalamin Which B vitamin contributes to upkeep of tissues - skin, eyes, tongue a. Cyanocobalamin b. Riboflavin c. Thiamine d. Cholecalciferol A good food source of ascorbic acid is a. meat b. beans c. citrus fruits d. Lettuce Vitamins function as _______ to release energy from the energy nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

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a. precursors b. antioxidants c. coenzymes d. modifiers The deficiency disorder associated with low levels of vitamin B1 is a. dryness of the skin. b. beri beri. c. night blindness. d. scurvy. Collagen is the cementing material that glues the bodies cells together. Which vitamin is required for collagen synthesis? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin K Which is needed in the release of ATP? a. Biotin b. Panthothenic acid c. Folic acid d. Riboflaviin

Choices for 41-43 a. b. c. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Preventive Curative Promotive

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Dental Education c Composite Permanent Filling b Tooth Extraction b Topical Fluride application a Temporary filling b An act establishing the Philippine Food Fortification Program and for other Purposes a. Republic Act 8076 b. Republic Act 8976 c. Republic Act 8769 d. Republic Act 8096 Inter-Agency Committee in Environmental Health was created by the virtue of? a. E.O 498 b. E.O 489 c. E.O 408 d. E.O 468 Promotes voluntary blood donation to provide sufficient supply to safe blood and to regulate blood banks. This act aims to inculcate public awareness that blood donation is a humanitarian act a. Republic Act 7719 b. Republic Act 7179 c. Republic Act 7197 d. Republic Act 7710