Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Man
• Health
• Environment
• Nursing
• Defined Nursing: “The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in
his recovery.”
• Focuses on changing and manipulating the environment in order to put the patient in the
best possible conditions for nature to act.
• Identified 5 environmental factors: fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage,
cleanliness/sanitation and light/direct sunlight.
• Considered a clean, well-ventilated, quiet environment essential for recovery.
• Deficiencies in these 5 factors produce illness or lack of health, but with a nurturing
environment, the body could repair itself.
• Defined Nursing: “The act of assisting others in the provision and management of
self-care to maintain/improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness.”
• Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain
life, health and well-being.
• Has a strong health promotion and maintenance focus.
• Identified 3 related concepts:
1. Self-care - activities an Individual performs independently throughout life to
promote and maintain personal well-being.
2. Self-care deficit - results when self-care agency (Individual’s ability) is not
adequate to meet the known self-care needs.
3. Nursing System - nursing interventions needed when Individual is unable to
perform the necessary self-care activities:
1. Wholly compensatory - nurse provides entire self-care for the client.
Example: care of a new born, care of client recovering from surgery in a post-anesthesia
care unit
2. Partial compensatory - nurse and client perform care, client can perform selected self-care
activities, but also accepts care done by the nurse for needs the client cannot meet independently.
Example: Nurse can assist post operative client to ambulate, Nurse can bring a meal tray
for client who can feed himself
3. Supportive-educative - nurse’s actions are to help the client develop/learn their own self-care
abilities through knowledge, support and encouragement.
Example: Nurse guides a mother how to breastfeed her baby, Counseling a psychiatric
client on more adaptive coping strategies.
Virginia Henderson’s Definition of the Unique Function of Nursing
1.
1. The human being is a unified whole, possessing individual integrity and manifesting characteristics that
are more than and different from the sum of parts.
2. The individual and the environment are continuously exchanging matter and energy with each other
3. The life processes of human beings evolve irreversibly and unidirectionally along a space-time
continuum
4. Patterns identify human being and reflect their innovative wholeness
5. The individual is characterized by the capacity for abstraction and imagery, language and thought,
sensation and emotion
• Nursing is participation in care, core and cure aspects of patient care, where CARE is the
sole function of nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE are shared with other members of
the health team.
• The major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual
that will facilitate the development of the core.
• Each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a
behavioral system specific to that individual.
• Nursing is broadly grouped into 21 problem areas to guide care and promote the use of nursing judgement.
• Nursing is a comprehensive service that is based on the art and science and aims to help people, sick or well,
cope with their health needs.
21 Nursing Problems
• Nursing is a process of action, reaction, and interaction whereby nurse and client share
information about their perception in the nursing situation
• Nursing is concerned with promotion health, preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring health.
• Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional,
personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human care transactions
• She defined caring as a nurturant way or responding to a valued client towards whom the nurse feels a personal
sense of commitment and responsibility. It is only demonstrated interpersonally that results in the satisfaction of
certain human needs. Caring accepts the person as what he/she may become in a caring environment
• Carative Factors:
1.
1. The promotion of a humanistic-altruistic system of values
2. Instillation of faith-hope
3. The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and others
4. The development and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings.
5. The systemic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making
6. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning
7. The provision for supportive, protective and corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual
environment
8. Assistance with the gratification of human needs
9. The allowance for existential phenomenological forces