Mobility Management (MM)

Different MM schemes for CS and PS mode MM states Involved protocols Procedures

References: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility and Services. Wiley 2001, Ch. 5.2 (MM states) and 10.3 (MM procedures) 3G 23.060 GPRS Service Description 3G 24.007 Mobile radio interface signaling layer 3, General aspects
UMTS Networks Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim Oct-11

Mobility Management (MM) Basics

Mobility Management covers all procedures, methods and identities required to maintain knowledge about the UEs locations when it is moving in the network Involved entities UE CN

in MM/PMM connected mode in case of roaming

visited PLMN

SGSN (PS mode, transitions between PMM states) MSC/VLR (CS mode, transitions between MM states) HLR (in home network)
RNC (cell and/or URA updates) GGSN/GMSC

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CS Mobility Management States

MM in CS mode is highly related to connection management
no active call (nor signaling) MMIdle call completion call setup or LA update active call (or signaling) MMConnected cell known LA known (paging possible)

IMSI detach

IMSI attach or LA update (UE is switched on)

MMDetached UE switched off

LA unknown (no paging)

MM state is maintained in UE and MSC/VLR

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PS (GPRS) Mobility Management States

M S M M S ta te s 3 G -S G S N M M S ta te s

PM MDETACHED

PM MDETACHED

GPRS detach
P S D e ta c h

D e ta c h , P S A tta c h R e je c t, P S D e ta c h P S A tta c h P S A tta c h R A U R e je c t

D e ta c h , P S A tta c h R e je c t, R A U R e je c t

GPRS attach
P S S ig n a lli n g C o n n e c t i o n R e le a s e P M M -ID L E S M - A C T IV E o r IN A C T IV E P S S ig n a lli n g C o n n e c t i o n E s t a b lis h

P S S ig n a lli n g PMM CO NNECTED S M - A C T IV E o r IN A C T IV E P M M -ID L E S M - A C T IV E o r IN A C T IV E P S S ig n a lli n g C o n n e c t i o n E s t a b lis h C o n n e c t i o n R e le a s e PMMCO NNECTED S M - A C T IV E o r IN A C T IV E

Paging only (no signaling connection between MS and SGSN)

Signaling connection between MS and SGSN (addressing by U-RNTI)

S e r v in g R N C r e lo c a t i o n

PS Mobility Management (PMM) is independent of Session Management (SM), e.g. availability of IP address & traffic activity
PMM is independent of the number and state of PDP contexts for the subscriber In both the PMM-IDLE and the PMM-CONNECTED states, session management may or may not have activated a PDP context (assigned a dynamic IP address)

U-RNTI: UTRAN - Radio Network Temporary Identity Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0

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Signaling Connection
No signaling connection exists (MM/PMM-IDLE state) UE has no relation to UTRAN, only to CN no data transfer paging identification by IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI

Signaling connection exists (MM/PMM-CONNECTED state) Addressing by U-RNTI UE position can be known on different levels: - URA level (UTRAN registration area): URA is a specified set of cells, which can be identified on the broadcast channel (BCCH) - Cell level: Different channel types can be used for data transfer: - Common transport channels (RACH, FACH, CPCH, DSCH) - Dedicated transport channels (DCH)
Source: 3GPP 25.301-4.1.0, ch 6.2
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Relations between CM/SM, MM/PMM and RRC States

CM/SM state(s) Subscription (UE-SGSN-GGSN) Core Network MM/PMM state (UE, SGSN, HLR) Signaling connection (UE-SGSN) RRC state (UE-RNC) PDCP address inactive active

detached

idle

connected

none

yes

UTRAN

idle

connected
(cell_DCH, cell_FACH, cell_PCH, or URA_PCH)

Paging using TMSI/P-TMSI

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Addressing using RNTI

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PS Mobility Management States

PMM-DETACHED State: No communication between the MS and the SGSN MS and SGSN hold no valid location or routing information for the MS MS MM state machine does not react to system information related to the SGSN MS is not reachable by the PLMN, as the MS location is not known to the SGSN MM context establishment: GPRS-attach procedure: establish MM contexts in the MS and the SGSN When PS signalling connection is established between the MS and the SGSN for performing the GPRS attach, the state changes to PMM-CONNECTED in the SGSN and in the MS The PS signalling connection is made up of two parts: an RRC connection and an Iu connection

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PS Mobility Management States

PMM-CONNECTED State:
MS location is known in the SGSN with an accuracy of a serving RNC Location of the MS is tracked by the serving RNC MS performs the routing area update procedure when RAI changes A PS signaling connection is established between the MS and the SGSN In SGSN: PS signalling connection release or failed downlink transfer with cause "IMSI unknown in RNC" changes the state to PMM-IDLE In MS: enter the PMM-IDLE state when its PS signaling connection to the SGSN has been released or broken (release or failure is explicitly indicated by the RNC to the MS or detected by the MS > RRC connection failure) Signaling connection is also released if a URA update fails because of "RRC connection not established", or if the URA update timer expires while the MS is out of coverage SGSN may decide to release the PS signaling connection after a signaling procedure (e.g. routing area update) GPRS detach changes the state to PMM-DETACHED
Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim Oct-11

Release of signaling connection (move to PMM-IDLE state):

MM context release:

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PS Mobility Management States

PMM-IDLE State: MS location is known in the SGSN with an accuracy of a routing area Paging is needed in order to reach the MS, e.g. for signalling MS and SGSN have established MM contexts MS performs a routing area update if the RA changes (signaling towards the HLR is needed if the (new) SGSN does not have an MM context for this MS) Establishment of signaling connection (move to PMM-CONNECTED state): MS and SGSN enter the PMM-CONNECTED state when the PS signalling connection is established between the MS and the SGSN MM context release: GPRS detach procedure changes the state to PMM-DETACHED SGSN may perform an implicit GPRS detach any time after the MS reachable timer expiry; the MS's MM context is deleted, preferably after a certain (implementation dependent) time; the HLR may be informed about the deletion
UMTS Networks Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim Oct-11

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Mobility Management Involved Protocols (PS mode)

Protocols used by MM procedures Uu: RRC protocol Iu: RANAP protocol Gr (SGSN and HLR): MAP protocol Gf (SGSN and EIR): MAP protocol Gs (SGSN and VLR): BSSAP+ protocol

Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0, Ch 6.4

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Mobility Management Procedures

Connected state Cell update (PS mode): UE-UTRAN interaction URA update (PS mode): UE-UTRAN interaction Idle state RA Update (PS mode): UE-CN interaction (transparent to UTRAN) LA Update (CS mode): UE-CN interaction (transparent to UTRAN)

See also Kaaranen, ch 10.3

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Cell Update (PS)

UE RNC

PS mode: -> explicit cell update procedure Reasons for cell update cell reselection periodic cell update uplink data transmission paging response re-entered service area radio link failure unrecoverable RLC error

reason for cell update

RRC: cell update

RRC: cell update confirm

exchange of RRC msgs

CS mode: continuous exchange of cell information during call (or transaction)

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URA Update (PS)

UE RNC

PS mode: -> explicit URA update procedure Reasons for URA update URA identity changes periodic URA update

reason for URA update

RRC: URA update

RRC: URA update confirm

exchange of RRC msgs

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RA Update (with change of SGSN)

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LA Update (CS)

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