01.9 Slurry Processing

Treatment of Digestate
Michael Kttner
Biogas Regions: Train the Trainers Seminar, Wolpertshausen, Germany, 28-29 November 2007
Liquid manure processing and fertilization

Manure storage
After the anaerobic treatment of liquid manure and during the storage nitrogen losses occur in form of ammonia or hydrogen sulfide
Manure land application

During the application nitrogen losses can be presented in gaseous form (ammonia) and in mineral form (nitrate)
Land application techniques
Drag hose tractor: precise fertilization, around 41% lower NH 3 emissions
Fertilizer distributor tractor: strong smell and Ammonia emissions, windsensitively
Liquid manure processing and fertilization

Measures during liquid manure application
No excessive agitation before the application deploy cooled substrate from the final storage, and Spread using emission-reducing techniques (drag hose tractor, etc.) Process the liquid manure To prevent the nitrate leaching by liquid manure fertilization other measures, besides the type of treatment must be taken into account: Sufficient storage capacity (at least 6 months) Periods of application Quantity of liquid manure (and thus N-quantity) to be applied Spreading technology
Treatment technologies for fermenting substrates

Thermal
processes Physical processes Chemical procedures Biological processes

Fermenting substrate
vorher 92,00% before
Water Wasser Gelste Salze Dissolved salts Partikeltrockenmasse Dry weight particle
0,92% 7,08%
Thermal processes
Drying
Evaporation
Incineration Pyrolysis Stripping
of ammonia Using denitrification processes

Drying process
Stable useful product nutrient problem solutions easier to transport Waste heat utilization
0,52 kWhth Heat energy for drying 1 kg digestate with 3% DM-content 520 kWhth pro t- Digestate
1. Heat coupled microgas turbine in combination with a solar supported digestate drying process at the Farm at Karle, Fuessbach, Germany
Filling of solar thermal drying house
Drying process after 14 days
Physical processes
Sedimentation
centrifuge Sedimentation tank Filtration Screw press Rotary screen Osmosis reverse
Decantation
Separation liquid - solid
Screw press - separator (FAN system)

Decanter separation of the mixture digestate/ fats )

Raw liquid manure Weight portion DM content P [kg/t] N-total [kg/t] NH4-n [kg/t] Org. N [kg/t] NH4-n Portion 97% 5,2% 1,2 4,8 3,6 1,2 75% 3% 41,4% 0,3 1,3 0,4 0,9 28% Fat waste Digestate (Fermented liquid manure) 100% 4,2% 1,3 4,6 3,6 2,3 79% 7% 33% 13,4 11,7 3,0 2,6 26% 93% 2,3% 0,3 4,0 3,6 2,3 89% Solid fraction Liquid fraction
Source: Hengdal fermentation gas/Danish agrarian research
Value and efficiency of nutrients and liquid manure

Fertilizer Pig liquid manure Digestate (fermented liquid manure) Separated biogas digestate Efficiency nitrogen 60 70 % 65 85 % 80 90 % Increase in value per t liquid manure 0,30 0,60 0,60 1,20
Source: Danish agrarian research
Reverse osmosis
Biogas fermentation is ideal pretreatment for
membrane processes Fibrous and/or solid material should be separated before this stage The larger the throughput the smaller the DMcontent, i.e. the more effective the biogas fermentation was
Chemical procedures
MAP Flocculation Ammonia
stripping Phosphate precipitation Chemical electroflotation

MAP (Magnesium ammonium phosphate )

Struvit reaction by addition of Phosphoric acid (origin content x 3 - 4), MgO (Origin content x 6) = Struvit as sediment Chemical costs of removing1 kg N: 6 Euro for 1 m of pig manure up to 48 euro cost
P addition in improving areas few suitable for the

solution of the N-problem
Phosphate precipitation
Using lime-milk - After anaerobic or aerobic organic decomposition, 60 - 70% P can be removed by physical separation - Remaining phosphoric components are precipitated with lime-milk (30 - 40 kg CaO per m of slurry), afterwards under 2ppm P (Weiland 1997)
Ammonia stripping
Stripping of ammonia by steam without
Chemical additive CaO additive - unwanted foam formation - sedimentation of solids later washed out by H2SO4 the final product is disappointing
Biological procedures
Composting Wetlands Soil
filter Straw filter Nitrification/denitrification

Composting of solids
Heap shifting equipment

Denitrification for removing Nitrogen

Denitrification
Netherlands Aim: to deliver N in the form of N2 to the atmosphere Danger of the laughing gas emission
e.g. the
Treatment costs of animal excrements

Technologie Composting of solid manure Energy2) (kWh/ t) 5 KW/H - 50 KW/H (for conversion with ventilation system) k.A. low 16 (5,6% TM) 10-38 0,5 - 4 (kWh/ m3) production 30 (kWh/ m3 H2O) production Costs (Eur/ m3) 12,4 - 37,2 Application no delimitation on farm size Test stage limited large farms extensive experience extensive experience > 130.000 Mast animals Test stage Routine
Composting of poultry dung with pine cortex Anaerobic ponds Biological treatment of pig liquid manure Ventilation of liquid dung Mechanical separation Incineration of chicken dung Evaporation and drying process of chicken dung Additives with pig liquid manure
8,1 / t k.A. 6,1 0,7 - 4 1,4 - 4,2 18 / t >2,3 0,5 - 1 / animal
The total costs for a decanter separation are about 0,80 per t. according to data of a Danish biogas manufacturer. This price in Denmark is profitable for many large cattle farmers. A further separation in the evaporator has a larger price (approx. 3.40 per t). This expenditure should be paid back by saved transport costs and by a better utilization of fertilizer as well as by the improved spreading. Long distances transportation of manure for the part of manure which cannot be used in direct proximity of the enterprise would be profitable Economic value of digestate is indicated either as 10 Euros per GV per year or related to the nutrients also 5 5 Euro/ t N, 56 Euro/ t P, 28 Euro/ t K.

01.9 Slurry Processing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

01.9 Slurry Processing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Treatment of Digestate

Liquid manure processing and fertilization

Manure land application

Land application techniques

Drag hose tractor: precise fertilization, around 41% lower NH 3 emissions

Fertilizer distributor tractor: strong smell and Ammonia emissions, windsensitively

Liquid manure processing and fertilization

Treatment technologies for fermenting substrates

processes Physical processes Chemical procedures Biological processes

Incineration Pyrolysis Stripping

of ammonia Using denitrification processes

Filling of solar thermal drying house

Drying process after 14 days

Separation liquid - solid

Screw press - separator (FAN system)

Decanter separation of the mixture digestate/ fats )

Source: Hengdal fermentation gas/Danish agrarian research

Value and efficiency of nutrients and liquid manure

Source: Danish agrarian research

stripping Phosphate precipitation Chemical electroflotation

MAP (Magnesium ammonium phosphate )

P addition in improving areas few suitable for the

filter Straw filter Nitrification/denitrification

Heap shifting equipment

Denitrification for removing Nitrogen

Treatment costs of animal excrements

8,1 / t k.A. 6,1 0,7 - 4 1,4 - 4,2 18 / t >2,3 0,5 - 1 / animal

You might also like