FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT (FKAB)

KKKC 4006: TEKNOLOGI PERANTI TERMAJU

NAME MATRICES NO. DEPARTMENT ASSIGNMENT SEMESTER/SESSION LECTURER DUE DATE LAU WENG LOON A127573 JKEES BIOSENSOR AND ITS SPECIFICATIONS 1 / 2012/2013 Dr. NAZRUL ANUAR BIN NAYAN th 2 NOVEMBER 2012

Biosensor A definition of biosensor can be depicted as an analytical device merging a biorecognition system such as DNA, enzymes, antibodies, microorganisms that is either closely connected to, or integrated within, a physic-chemical transducer for instances, electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric or thermometric according to the mode of signal transducer (Shew et al. 2011) . Biosensor also used transducer in order to convert the biological recognition step into signal which able interfacing to a microprocessor for sake of control and measurement. (Eggins et al. 1996 & Iqbal et al. 2000). The biosensor able reacts to the existence of a specific analyte by causing an electric signal exist which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. Mass density, dielectric permittivity, or several other physical quantity are varied by the accumulation of analyte on the biosensor that can be converted to a measurable output signal (Cooper et al. 2003). By the way, a biosensor constituent several bioactive components such as an enzyme, an antibody, a cell, a tissue slice, a receptor or nucleic acid (Maria & Toby et al. 2011). The consequence signal is produced by the complex interaction relating the chemical equilibrium between an immobilized capture ligand and the traced analyte in which both attachment and detachment occur simultaneously. On top of that, The ability of the catalytic action of an enzyme or the affinity of antibodies or receptor proteins to modify the electrical impedance of a suitably configured set of electrodes to determine the operation of conductimetric biosensor (Norman et al. 1995). Mass transfer also able affect sensor output signal and it may results in limitation of the rate of delivery of anayte molecules to surface. (Choi et al. 2010). Besides that, biosensors also have been widely used for biological systems for medicine and pharmaceutical industry such as drug monitoring and antibody characterization. Moreover, biosensors practices able to ensure that the possibility of h igh throughput analyses as well as the trace of multiple serovars or serogroups within a family of infectious disease agents or antibodies against these agents in a effective manner. Apart from that, there were several applications of biosensors such as: optical biosensor able to determine very low levels of residues of veterinary drugs and growth hormones (Sternesjo et al. 1994), magnetic nanoparticle biosensor exhibits excellent stability and high sensitivity of detection with glucose (Wided et al. 2012)

References 1. Cooper M.A.. 2003. Label-free screening of bio-molecular interactions.

Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 377: 834 842. 2. Shew B.Y., Kuo C.H., Huang Y.C. & Tsai Y.H.. 2005. UV-LIGA interferometer

biosensor based on the SU-8 optical waveguide. Sensors and Actuators A 120: 383 389. 3. Maria N. Velasco Garcia &Toby Mottram. 2001. Biosensors in the livestock industry: an automated ovulation prediction system for dairy cows. TRENDS in Biotechnology 19: 433 434 4. Ase Sternesjo, Catarina Mellgren, & Lennart Bjorck. 1994. Determination of Sulfamethazine Residues in Milk by a Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor Assay. Analytical Biochemistry 226: 175- 181. 5. Choi Charles J., Belobraydich Alysia R., Chan Leo L., Mathias Patrick C. & Cunningham Brian T.. 2010. Comparison of label-free biosensing in microplate, microfluidic, and spotbased affinity capture assays. Analytical Biochemistry 405: 1-10. 6. Sheppard Norman F., Jr & Mears David J.. 1996. Model of an immobilized enzyme conductimetric urea biosensor. Biosensors & Bioelectronics 11: 967 979. 7. B.R. Eggins, Biosensors: An Introduction, Wiley, New York, 1996, pp.1117.

8. Iqbal S.S., Mayo M.W., Bruno J.G., Bronk B.V., Batt C.A. & J.P. Chambers. 2000. A review of molecular recognition technologies for detection of biological threat agents. Biosens. Bioelectron. 15: 549578.

9. Wided Nouira, Abderrazak Maaref, Hamid Elaissari, Francis Vocanson, Maryam Siadat & Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault. 2012. Comparative study of conductometric glucose biosensor based on gold and on magnetic nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering C 33 (1): 298 303.