Minor Program in B.Tech: A Minor indicates that the student has achieved a level of competence in an area.

The name of the Minor will appear on the degree certificate. A basket of courses will be defined for each area, and the student has to take at least 9 credits with a CGPA of 7.0 in these courses. Courses that are part of the common core

(including HSS), or the discipline core/electives cannot count for a Minor. The area of the Minor must be different from the major discipline. A student can take any number of Minors. A course cannot count for more than 1 Minor.

The following Minor Options have already been proposed.

1. Minor Stream in Physics

1. Quantum mechanics and applications (4th Semester) This course is an introductory level course on quantum mechanics. The course will begin with the basic principles of quantum mechanics and its conceptual formalism. Several applications of quantum mechanics will be discussed to train students to apply these ideas to model systems. Principles behind some of the exciting applications of quantum mechanics such as quantum computers, communication systems, lasers, atomic clocks will be discussed. Modern technologies explore possibilities in atomic scale (nano-technology) where quantum mehanical effects are more important. The purpose of the course is to provide a deep understanding and insight on quantum mechanics to equip them to contribute to such modern applications. 2. Solid State Physics (Pre-requisite-Quantum Mechanics) This is the story of nearly free electrons in a solid: why and how we need quantum mechanics to understand condensed matter. With it, one discovers new physics beyond our classical intuitions. Most of electronics, spintronics and quantum devices are based on these fascinating realizations of quantum mechanics of electrons in condensed matter. 3. Photonics (Pre-requisites- Foundations of Electrodynamics & Quantum mechanics) In this course, applications of light in modern technologies will be introduced. The main focus will be on the wave and particle nature of light, transmission, detection and interaction of light, optical information propagation and different applications of photonic technologies. The main topics covered in the course include optical fibres, wave guides, polarization of light, interference and diffraction of light, lasers, detectors, photonic crystals, metamaterials, light emitting diodes, quantum dots and solar cells. The concepts of modulation of light through the electro-optic and acousto-optic effects will also be included. 4. Introduction to Statistical Mechanics (Pre-requisite- Mechanics of Particles and Waves) Statistical mechanics is branch of physics that deals with understand collective response from the single particle behavior. This course explains how the statistical approach is effective in predicting the thermodynamics of system from the constituent particles. Methods of statistical

mechanics are useful in understanding the microscopic origin of abstract quantities like entropy. The concept of the thermodynamic entropy is related to the entropy in the information theories. Statical mechanics deals not only with the physical particles like classical point particles,electrons ..etc. it also treats entities like lattice vibrations (phonons), light particles (photons), polarizations (polarons) in the same footing thus statical mechanics is useful in understanding diverse phenomena such as of heat capacity in solids, principles of lasers, electrons in solids, etc. 5. Laser and Applications (Pre-requisite- Mechanics of Particles and Waves & Electrodynamics) This course will provide knowledge of the basic concepts and applications of laser in all walks of life. It will help to read and understand scientific literature in this field. The course contains basic theory and applications of lasers in research and industry. Various techniques of laser pulse generation and use of short pulses in spectroscopy are discussed. Mechanism of higher harmonic generation will also be addressed. 6. Organic Optoelectronics (Pre-requisite- Mechanics of Particles and Waves & Electrodynamics) This course will help to acquire knowledge in the field of organic electronics and optoelectronics: basic theory, applications, recent developments, etc. It will help to study and understand scientific literature in this field by knowing relevant terminology. The course contains an overview of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. Various relevant phenomena of organic materials and their applications in light emitting devices, solar cells and thin film transistors, etc. are discussed. Aspects related to device fabrication may also be addressed. 7. Electronic Structure (Pre-requisite-Quantum Mechanics) This course will provide a unified exposition of the basic theory and methods of electronic structure, together with instructive examples of practical computational methods and real-world applications. It will include the approach most widely used today density functional theory with emphasis upon understanding the ideas, practical approaches, and limitations. In addition, electronic structure is an interacting many-body problem that ranks among the most pervasive and important in physics. 8. Project The students will have to work on a research problem along with the faculty members. It is assumed that the students have taken the pre-requisite courses before choosing their projects. * On completion of 9 credits, students will be awarded a minor degree in APPLIED PHYSICS

1. Quantum mechanics and applications

1. Review of postulates in quantum mechanics, observables and opertaors, theory of measurement in quantum mechanics, state of the system and expecation values, transition from quantum mechanics to classical mechanics-Ehrenfast theorem. [5 Lectures ] 2. Application of Schrodinger equation in 1-D: rectangular barrier, tunneling, square potential well, delta-function potential [5 Lectures ] 3. Basic mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, Dirac notation, linear vector operators, matrix representation of states and operators, commutator relations in quantum mechanics, commutator and uncertainity relations, complete set of commuting observables [6 Lectures ] 4. Quantum computation and information: Qubits and logic gates [4 Lectures ] 5. Theory of angular momentum in quantum mechanics, commutator relations in angular momentum, eigen values and eigen states of angular momentum [5 Lectures ] 6. Application of Schrodinger equation in 3-D models, central potentials, Schrodinger equation in spherical co-ordinates, solution to hydrogen atom problem [5 Lectures ] 7. Time independent non-degenerate and degenerate perturbation theory, fine-structure of hydrogen, Zeeman effect and hyperfine splitting [5 Lectures ] 8. Time dependent perturbation theory, two level systems, emission and absorption of radiation [5 Lectures] References: 1. Introduction to quantum mechanics-D J Griffith 2. Introductory Quantum Mechanics R Liboff 3. Quantum physics of atoms and molecules-R Eisberg & R Resnick. 4. Quantum Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers- D A B Miller 5. Applied quantuum mechanics Levi 6. Quantum Mechanics B. H. Bransden & C. J. Joachain 7. Modern Quantum Mechanics - J J Sakurai 8. Principles of Quantum Mechanics - R Shankar 9. Quantum Mechanics -Vol.1 Cohen-Tannoudji, B Diu, F Laloe

2. Solid State Physics

1. Crystal structure, Brillouin zone [2 Lectures] 2. Quantum mechanics of electrons in a solid: Electronic degrees of freedom: from a single atom to N atoms,Free electron description why should it ever work?, Independent electron description existence of a Fermi surface, Electron bands: metal, semiconductor and insulator, Quantum well, dot, wire, nanotube. [ 6 Lectures] 3. Electron Transport: Electrons in a field, Boltzmann transport, Quantum of conductance, Meaning of Ohms law, coherent transport, From atoms to quantum devices. [6 Lectures] 4. Phonons: Vibrations of crystals with monoatomic basis, Two atoms per primitive basis Quantisation of elastic waves, Phonon Momentum [3 Lectures] 5. Magnetism: A macroscopic quantum phenomenon, Magnetic coupling of electrons: Para, Ferro and Diamagnets, Curies Law, Pauli Paramagnetism, Curie-Weiss theory, No classical analogue: Bohr van Leueen theorem, Magnetic interactions: long range order, magnetic excitations, Spintronics applications: using itinerant electron spin for transport - a new paradigm, new electronic materials, GMR and CMR [10 Lectures] 6. Superconductivity: Basic phenomena, Meissner effect, London equation,Towards a pairing mechanism: Cooper problem, BCS theory, experimental verification, Type II superconductors [10 Lectures] 7. Two dimensional electron gas in a FET, IQHE: MOSFET configuration: 2D electron confinement, Electrons in a magnetic field: Landau levels, Hall effect: the quantized version. [5 Lectures] Note: Experimental techniques associated with each chapter will also be covered Text Book 1. Solid State Physics, Ashcroft & Mermin (Cengage learning - Indian Edition) 2. Condensed Matter Physics in a Nutshell, G. D. Mahan (Princeton University Press) 3. Quantum Theory of Solids, Charles Kittel (Wiley) References 1. Quantum Hall effect, A. H. MacDonald (Kluwer Academic) 2. Introduction to the theory of the integer quantum Hall Effect, Martin Janssen, Jnos Hajd (VCH) 3. Physics of Semiconductor Devices, S.M. Szeand kwok K.Nag

3. Optics/Photonics
Unit-1 Electromagnetic Optics: electromagnetic theory of light, electromagnetic waves in vacuum & dielectric media, absorption and dispersion, pulse propagation in dispersive media, Metamaterials [6 lectures] Unit-2 Polarization Optics: polarization of light, reflection and refraction, optics of anisotropic media, Optics of liquid crystals, polarization devices. [5 lectures] Unit-3 Guided wave Optics: electromagnetic waves in dielectric layered media, photonic crystals, waveguides, resonators, plasmonics. [5 lectures] Unit-4 Fiber Optics: electromagnetic waves in fiber, Attenuation and dispersion, photonic crystal fibers. [5 lectures] Unit-5 Semiconductor Optics: quantization of electromagnetic field, quantum states of light, photon statistics, interaction of photons with charge carriers, light emitting diodes, laser diodes, microcavity lasers. [6 lectures] Unit-6 Detection of light: theory of photo detection, photodetectors, photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, noise in photodetectors. [5 lectures] Unit-7 Acousto and Electro Optics: interaction of light and sound, acousto-optic devices, Principles of electro optics, electro optics of anisotropic media, electro optics of liquid crystals. [5 lectures] Unit-8 Optical fiber communication: fiber Optic components, optical fiber communication syatem, modulation and multiplexing, fiber optic networks. [5 lectures] Text Book: Optical Electronics by A K Ghatak, K Thyagarajan (Cambridge University Press ) References: 1 Principles of Optics by Max Born, Emil Wolf (Cambridge University Press) 2 Fundamentals of Photonics by Saleh & Teich (Wiley-Interscience)

4. Introduction to Statistical Mechanics

1. Statistical concepts and examples - random walk problem in one dimension mean values probability distribution for large N. Probability distribution many variables. [ 6 Lectures] 2. Statistical description of a system of particles Statistical ensemble- Microstate and macrostate Density of states. Connection between statistics and thermodynamics - Relation between number of macrostates and entropy classical ideal gas. Gibb's paradox. [ 6 Lectures] 3. Liouvellie's theorem- Phase space and connection between mechanics and statistical mechanics Microcanonical ensemble Computational methods to calculate phase space trajectory- Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. [ 6 Lectures] 4. Canonical ensemble partition function. Thermodynamics from the partition function Helmholtz free energy. Classical ideal gas- equipartition and virial theorem. System of harmonic oscillators and spin systems. Grand canonical ensemble- density and energy fluctuations- Gibbs free energy. [ 6 Lectures] 5. Formulation of quantum statistical mechanics density matrix- micro-canonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles- Systems composed of indistinguishable particles, Slater determinant. [ 6 Lectures] 6. Maxwell-Boltzmann , Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein statistics Ideal gas in classical and quantum ensembles Ideal Bose systems Black body radiation- lattice vibrations in solidsIdeal Fermi systems magnetic systems- Pauli paramagnetism-Landau diamagnetism electron gas in metals. [ 6 Lectures] 7. Brownian motion Langevin equation Fluctuation-dissipation theorem-correlation functions and friction coefficient. [ 4 Lectures] References 1) Fundamentals of statistical and thermal physics, F. Reif 2) Introduction to statistical physics, K. Huang 3) Statistical physics by F Mandl 4) Statistical Mechanics, R K Pathria 5) Statistical Physics by K Huang

5. Laser and Applications

1. Radiation: energy density and pressure of radiation, cavity radiation, modes of oscillation. (1 Lectures) 2. Interaction of radiation with matter: absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein coefficients, photoexcitation cross-section, amplification of radiation, laser pumping systems: optical pumping, electrical pumping other methods of pumping, spectral lines shapes, different types of broadening mechanism, gain calculation, threshold condition. (7 Lectures) 3. Cavity resonator: time constant and quality factor of optical cavity, stability of resonators, g parameters, various types of resonators. (6 Lectures) 4. Various Lasers: (i) Solid state lasers: Ruby Laser and Nd: YAG laser (ii) Gas lasers: He-Ne laser, CO2 laser and Nitrogen laser (iii) Liquid lasers: Dye lasers (iv) Semiconductor lasers (v) Free electron lasers (8 Lectures) 5. Laser pulse generation: Q-switching: theory and various methods; mode locking: methods of mode locking, efficiency of mode locking, ultrashort (nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond) laser pulse generation. (6 Lectures) 6. Applications in time-resolved spectroscopy: fluorescence lifetime, various measurement techniques- oscilloscope method, time-correlated single photon counting, Streak Camera, fluorescence up conversion. (4 Lectures) 7. Application in optical communication: optical fibre, fibre laser. (2 Lectures) 8. Higher harmonic generation: white light continuum generation, optical parametric amplifier, pump-probe spectroscopy. (3 Lectures) 9. Holography: Theory, classification and application. (3 Lectures) Text Books 1. O. Svelto - Principles of lasers 2. W. Koechner - Solid State Laser Engineering References 1. W. T. Silfvast, Laser and Fundamentals 2. A. E. Seigman, Lasers. 3. A. Yariv - Quantum Electronics. 4. D.R.Hall and P.E.Jackson (ed by) - The Physics and Technology of Laser Resonators. 5. M.Young. - Optics and Lasers 6. D. Meschede - Optics, Lights and Lasers 7. B.A.Lengyel - Lasers

6. Organic Optoelectronics
PART I. 1. Organic Molecules: Electronic structure of atoms, Atomic and Molecular Orbitals, LCAO, Bonding and antibondig orbitals, Covalent Bond, Sigma and Pi Bonds, Energy Levels, Spectroscopic properties. (4 Lectures) 2. Photophysics of Molecules and Aggregates: Excited states: Absorption and emission, Singlet and triplet states, Radiative and non-radiative transitions, Aggregates, Van der Waals Bonding, Hydrogen Bonding, Dimer, Eximers. (2 Lectures) 3. Excitons: Wannier Exciton, Charge-transfer Exciton Frenkel Exciton, Exciton Diffusion, Excitonic Energy Transfer. (2 Lectures) 4. Conduction in Organic Solids: Conductivity: carrier concentration versus mobility, Carrier generation, Hopping transport, Mobility measurements, Traps. (2 Lectures) 5. Photovoltaics and Photodetectors: Photovoltaic Devices: Organic Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells, Organic/Nanorod hybrid Photovoltaics, Gratzel Cells (Dye sensitized solar cells), Photodetector Devices. (5 Lectures) 6. Organic Light Emitting Devices: Basic OLED Properties, Charged Carrier Transport, Organic LEDs, Quantum Dot LEDs. (8 Lectures) 7. Lasing Action in Organic Semiconductors: Lasing Process, Optically Pumped Organic Lasers, Electrical Pumping of Organic Lasers. (2 Lectures) 8. Organic Thin Film Transistors: OFETs: Materials, Contacts, Applications, Nanotube Transistors. (2 Lectures) 9. Device Fabrication Technology: Growth Techniques: Evaporation, Langmuir-Blodget, Chemical Vapor Phase Deposition, Ink-Jet Printing, Self Assembly. (3 Lectures) PART II. Project: Literature review on a certain relevant topic. (10 Lectures) TEXTBOOK: No textbook required. Lecture notes and handouts will be provided. GENERAL REFERNCES 1. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry , Gilbert & Baggott, CRC Press, 1991. 2. Fundamentals of Photochemistry K. K. Rohatgi-Mukherjee, New Age International, 1978. 3. Electronic Processes of Organic Crystals and Polymers , Pope & Swenberg, Oxford University press, 2nd edition (1999). 4. Organic Semiconductors H. Meier, Verlag Chemie GmbH, 1974

5. Physics of Organic Semiconductors Wolfgang Brtting, John Wiley & Sons Canada; 1 edition (2005) 6. Organic Electronics: Materials, Manufacturing, and Applications, Hagen Klauk, John Wiley & Sons; 1st edition (2006) 7. Electrical transport in solids: with particular reference to organic semiconductors, Kao, Pergamon Press; 1st edition (1981).

7. Electronic Structure
1. Overview: Quantum theory and origin of electronic structure, electronic ground state, basic equations for interacting electron and nuclei, periodic solids and bands, uniform electron gas and simple metals. [7-8 Lectures] 2. Density functional theory : DFT foundations, Thomas Fermi Dirac approximations, Hohenberg-Kohn Theorems, intricacies of DFT, Kohn Sham variational equations, Time dependent DFT, local spin density approximation, GGA, LDA, soving Kohn-Sham equations [78 Lectures] 3. Important preliminaries on atoms: One electron Schrodinger equation, relativistic Dirac equation, atomic sphere approximations, pseudopotentials, orthogonalized plane waves, ultrasoft potentials, projected augmented waves [7-8 Lectures] 4. Determination of Electronic structure :Bloch Theorem, Nearly free electron model, ab initio pseudopotential method, crystal structure, supercelss, clusters and molecules, tight binding methods, augmented functions: APW, MTO, linear methods, LAPW. [7-8 Lectures] 5. Predicting properties of matter from electronic structure- recent developments and computational resources in use. [7-8 Lectures] Text Book: Electronic Structure: Basic theory and practical methods, Cambridge University Press, 2004, R.M. Martin References: 1. Electronic Structure: Basic theory and practical methods, Cambridge University Press, 2004, R.M. Martin 2. Ashcroft and Mermin, Solid State Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976 3. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley, 1986, pp. 228-239. 4. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics, Addison{Wesley, 1975, pp. 189{210. 5. Ziman, Principles of the Theory of Solids, Cambridge, 1972, Chapter 3. 6. W. Hergert A. Ernst M. Dane (Eds.) : Computational Materials Science: From Basic Principles to Material Properties 7. JMD Coey :Magnetic Materials

2. Proposal for Minor in Materials Science & Engineering

The interdisciplinary field of materials science and engineering has become critical to many emerging areas of advanced technology and their applications. As a result, there are needs and opportunities for engineers with education and training in materials science and engineering. Having minor in Materials Science and Engineering, students should be able to understand the basic materials science, an engineering student would require from different disciplines such as electrical or mechanical, so that one could pursue higher studies in Materials after B.Tech if he/she wants. At least 12 credits of coursework should be performed in order to get a degree with minor. Also, the coursework should be designed in such a way that it attracts students from different streams to carry out interdisciplinary studies with the flavor of engineering. A minor should have adequate knowledge of materials science starting from structure-propertyperformance-relationship to different types of materials such as metals, ceramics, semiconductors etc. Then, the knowledge of materials properties such as mechanical, electrical, optical etc is also required along with the device making techniques, for applications in various industries. With time, the scales of the devices are changing. Our present day needs are emphasizing towards miniaturization of the devices. A minor materials science student should be aware of these changes and how the science of materials changes when there is a change from bulk to nano level. Faculty in chemistry, physics and materials science, who share common interest in interdisciplinary education and research in materials science, can support course works leading to the minor in Materials Science and Engineering. Here, we have proposed a group of elective courses, which will give student a sufficient knowledge of Materials Science and Engineering enabling them to carryon higher studies (MS or PhD in Materials). Some of these courses are already running at IIT -Mandi. With these courses, combined with lab work, students can also choose to work in industries focusing on R&D of materials. Courses outcome: 1. Student should gain basic knowledge of crystal structures, symmetries, grain, grain boundaries, and they should understand the basic mechanisms controlling a wide variety

of physical properties, and should be able to correlate this information with crystal structures to predict materials properties. 2. Student should begin to understand how materials are chosen and designed for particular engineering applications. 3. Students should begin to understand how the materials properties change from bulk to nano level. 2. Student should be aware of various materials characterization techniques and should have expertise in at least one. 3. Students should be able to understand various solid-state devices and their fabrications

List of Courses (includes those which are already running) Materials Science for Engineers (ME-204) (existing core and prerequisite course): This is an introductory course which provides key concepts and fundamentals that student needs to understand materials science and make informed decisions. This course is broadly divided into two sections; Materials science and Materials application. First section focuses on the essentials of materials science concepts. Idea is to make student understand that the principles governing the behavior of real materials are grounded in science and are understandable. Knowing structure in materials is important as it controls the various properties, and with various processing techniques structures can be altered, and hence, the properties. This section will cover fundamentals of crystal structure, significance of defects, polycrystalline materials, concept of grain and grain boundary, solid state phase diagrams, phase transformation, principles of nucleation and growth etc. The Materials application section will focus on the structural electrical and electronic applications: a) Structural Applications (i) Static structural applications stress strain diagram, elastic, yielding and plastic behavior, properties to characterize each, application of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites in static structures like buildings, bridges, furnace structure, etc.

(ii) Dynamic structural applications - fatigue, creep-fatigue interaction; Application of materials in automobiles, hydroelectric and thermal power plants. (iii) Manipulation of materials properties through different treatments (b) Electrical and Electronic Application: Conductors and conductivity, Capacitors, considerations for choice of materials in different applications; metallic and organic semiconductors, p-n junctions, other devices, I-V characteristics, optoelectronic materials and devices, the considerations for the choice of materials; Magnetic materials, Dielectric materials, electrical and magnetic sensors, read- write heads, spintronic devices; superconducting materials and their applications in magnets. Suggested Books: Materials Science 1. Materials Science and Engineering- A first course, V. Raghvan, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi (latest edition). 2. Materials Science and Engineering- An introduction, William D. Callister, Jr. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Materials Application 1. Engineering Materials: Properties and Selection by Kenneth G. Budinski, Prentice Hall, [New Edition] USA. 2. Principles of Electronic Materials and devices by S. O. Kasap, 2009, Third Edition, TataMcGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 3. Solid State Electronic Devices by Ben G. Streetman and Sanjay Bannerjee, 2000, Fifth edition, Pearson-Prentice Hall, USA.

Minimum three additional advance courses are required to be offer for fulfilling minor in materials science and engineering. These must include (1) Nanoscale Science and Technology (CY-241): It covers fundamental knowledge of the nanoscale science and technology. The course provides insight into the scientific aspects due to which nanomaterials are gaining considerable attention worldwide. Some of the synthetic strategies and characterization techniques introduce to the students. It includes Properties of materials with nanoscale dimensions, Nanostructures, Methods of synthesis of nanomaterials and nanostructures, Characterization techniques: Optical spectroscopy and microscopy, Scanning probe microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, Inorganic nanomaterials, Carbon nanostructures, Organic and biological nanostructures and their Applications Suggested Books: Introduction to Nanotechnology by Charles P. Poole Jr & Frank J. Owens John Wiley and sons. (2) Ceramic Processing and Characterization Overview of ceramic materials and their applications, Bonding and structure of various ceramic materials; crystal structure and defects; Synthesis of ceramic powder using physical/chemical methods, Processing of glasses, glass-ceramics, porous ceramic, nano-ceramics and composites using conventional and advanced methods (including CAM). Principles of structural characterization (Diffraction, optical and electron microscopy), Thermal characterization (DTA/DSC/TGA) and miscellaneous materials characterization tools. Suggested Books: Kingery W. D., Bowen, H. K., Uhlhmen D. R., Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 1976 J. Reed, Principles of Ceramic Processing, 2nd edition, John Wiley and sons, Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization, C. R. Brundle, C.A. Evans and S.Wilson, Butterworth-

Heinemann (1992) A.R West, Solid State Chemistry, Wiley Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, B.D. Cullity, Prentice Hall (2001) (3) Electronic Materials and Their Applications Fundamentals/engineering aspects of various energy materials based on metallic, ceramic, semiconductor; and chemical structures and their applications related to solar cells, batteries, and hydrogen storage. Solid state ionics, linear and non-linear dielectric materials including ferroelectrics, and piezoelectric, pyroelectric properties. Detailed application of these materials. caloric effect in materials. Linear and non-linear optical properties, materials and applications, Functional composite materials. Suggested Books: A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert, Electroceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications, Wiley; 2nd edition, 2003 S.O.Kasap, Principles of electronic materials and devices, McGraw Hill Charles Kittel Introduction To Solid State Physics 2nd Edition 2005

(4) Materials Science for Failure Analysis Introduction remarks on Materials Science in the context of Engg.: Structure of perfect and imperfect solids; Elastic deformation and stress distribution, stress-strain relations under uniaxial loading. Plastic Deformation in Crystalline Solids: Introduction, theoretical strength of crystals and the motion of dislocation, energy of a dislocation and stable Burgers vectors. Slip planes and slip systems, relation between dislocation movement and plastic flow, dislocation generation, other modes of Deformation in crystalline solids.

Some strengthening mechanisms. The phenomenon of yield point and strain hardening. Theories of yielding and strain hardening. Recovery, mechanisms of deformation at elevated temperatures, creep. Mechanism of fracture. Ductile - Brittle transition, fracture Design criteria for environmental effects. Mechanical behavior of engineering materials under fatigue. Selection of materials and Processes, case studies. Suggested Books: Thomas H. Courtney, "Mechanical Behavior of Materials", McGraw-Hill, 1990. G.E. Dieter, "Mechanical Metallurgy", McGraw-Hill, 1986. R. W. K. Honeycombe, Plastic Deformation of Metals, EWP materials,

(5) Magnetic Materials Magnetic Materials: Iron Group Metals and Alloys, Rare-Earth Metals and Intermetallic Compounds, Interstitial Compounds, Oxides with Ferromagnetic Interactions, Oxides with Antiferromagnetic Interactions, Miscellaneous Materials. Theory of magnetism: (a) Basic quantum mechanics (including correlations), (b) Band structure effects (c) Exchange and FiniteTemperature Magnetism, (d) Anisotropy, (c) Micromagnetics. The Basis of Nanomagnetism : Introduction :The Importance of Nanomagnetism, The Origin of Nanomagnetic Behavior, Sample Dimensions and Characteristic Lengths, Broken Translation Symmetry, Nanoscopic Samples and Magnetization Reversal, Dimensionality and Critical Behavior. Magnetic Domains : Interactions in Magnetic Materials, Exchange Interaction, Magnetostatic Energy, Magnetic Anisotropy, Magnetoelastic Energy and Magnetostriction, Elements of Micromagnetism, Equation of Motion, Magnetic Domains, Domain Wall Width, Domain Wall Motion, Random Anisotropy. Applications of Magnets : Soft Magnets: Losses, Soft Magnetic Materials, Static Applications, Low-Frequency Applications, High-Frequency Applications, Hard Magnets: Magnetic Circuits, Permanent Magnet Materials, Static Applications, Dynamic Applications with

Mechanical Recoil, Dynamic Applications with Active Recoil. Special Topics: Spin Electronics and Magnetic Recording:, Materials for Spin Electronics, Magnetic Sensors, Magnetic Memory. Suggested Books: O'Handley, R. C. Modern Magnetic Materials, Principles and Applications. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999. Cullity, B. Introduction to Magnetic Materials. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1972. Coey, JMD, Magnetic Materials; Cambridge University Press, 2009 (6) Materials Selection and Performance Materials in design, The evolution of engineering materials, The design process, Types of design, Design tools and materials data , Function, material, shape and process, Classes of engineering materials , Definition of materials properties, Displaying material properties using materials selection charts, Deriving property limits and material indices, Structural indices, Selection of material and shape, Shape factors, Efficiency of standard sections, Material limits for shape factors, Material indices which include shape, The microscopic or microstructural shape factor, Co-selecting material and shape, Multiple constraints and compound objectives, Materials selection by successive, Application of property limits and indices, The method of weight factors, Multiple attributes decision making methods in materials selection, qualitative material selection using fuzzy logic, Systematic methods for multiple constraints, Compound objectives, exchange constants and value functions, Materials processing and design processes and their influence on design, Process attributes, Systematic process selection, Process selection diagrams, Materials and the environment, Natural materials Suggested Books: Michael F. Ashby, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, Elsevier Michael F. Ashby, Materials and the Environment Elsevier Gernot H. Gessinger, Materials and Innovative Product Development Elsevier

Minor 3: Minor in HSS:

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES

MINOR STREAM IN POLITICAL THOUGHT

Introduction to Political Philosophy, Modern Political Thought, European Political Thought since 1945 are the three courses that comprise this minor. They trace the trajectory of evolution of political thinking from the emergence of symbols for common collective life in antiquity to the distinctive understanding of the politico-philosophic quest as the search for truth and its translation as justice in the social and political sphere. In tracing this evolution of a convergence of popular sovereignty and parliamentary democracy on the solid plank of rule of law and the open society, the courses feature major ideas that have led today to the articulation of political power right down to the last individual in society.

1. HS 343 INTRODUCTION INTO POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Course Description All political communities come into being not only for the sake of living, but for the sake of a way of living. Characteristic, then, of any political association is the attendant discourse on achieving the best and avoiding the worst for the community and its members. Political philosophy addresses itself to the concepts underlying political beliefs and practices, such that the clarification of concepts can yield a framework for the critical evaluation of these beliefs and practices. Course Content

The course seeks to examine the following aspects: the human sense of justice; the quest for and the pursuit of the Good Life; the theoretical study of political life constituting political theory; political philosophy proceeding from the Classics to pose the problems of the unexamined life and to investigate political life as it ought to be; the search for the right order of public life, the constraints it encounters and the resources it seeks in its bid to tame power and compound the ruler and the ruled into the true frame of a commonweal. Credits 3-0-0-3 Method of Evaluation Mid-Semester and End of Semester Examination

Required Reading

Select excerpts from 1. Plato: The Republic 2. Aristotle: Politics 3. Machiavelli: The Prince

Recommended Reading D.D. Raphael: Problems of Political Philosophy, London (Macmillan, rpt.) 2007. Dorothy Pickles: Introduction to Politics, London(Methuen, rpt.) 2008. Leo Strauss: What is Political Philosophy?, Westport/Conn. (Greenwood) 1973. Select References Ernst Cassirer: The Myth of the State, New Haven/New York (Yale U.P.) 1946

Machiavelli: The Prince, trs. P.Bondanella & M.Musa, Oxford/New York (O.U.P.) 1984. Karl Marx: On Historical Materialism, from: Marx and Engels, Collected Works, New York ( New York International) 1976. Michael Oakshott: Rationalism in Politics, LSE Inaugural Lecture, London 1962. Henry David Thoreau: On Civil Disobedience (any edition). Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: Satyagtraha, ed. Anand Hingorani, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. Eric Voegelin: The New Science of Politics, Chicago 1952

2. European Political Thought since 1945

Course No.: Course Offered to: B.Tech /MS/PhD (B.Tech Minor in Political Thought along with HS 343 Political Philosophy and HS ..European Political Thought since 1945) New Course/Old Course: New Course Credits: 3-0-0-3 Course Description: To examine the nature of intellectual responses to the postwar European project of democratisation in its diverse phases; to identify especially the key changes that inform the process of the percolation of democratic rights to the emerging European demos at all levels and to assess the import of appropriate symbols and relevant ideologies for political and social thought in a liberal globalized era.

Course Content: The Limited State and the Welfare State; From Cultural Homogeneity to Radical Pluralism: The End of Eurocentric History and the Search for a new European Political Identity; British Political Thought since 1945: Liberalism, Conservatism, Multicultural Political Theory, Republican Theory; French Political Thought: Radical Political Thought, Towards a Non-Revolutionary Political Discourse, Political Moderation, New French Liberalism; German Political Thought: New German Identity, Cultural Alienation and Political Impotence, Radical Critique of New Democracy, Constitutional Patriotism; Italian Political Thought: Crisis of Radical Left, New Left, Constitutionalism, Social Democracy and Democratic; Realism, Postmodern Pluralism, Extreme Right; Political Thought in East-Central Europe: Critique of Totalitarianism, Alternatives to Totalitarianism, Velvet Revolutions; The Nature of European Political Identity.

Prescribed Reading: 1. Burgess, Michael: Federalism and European Union: The Building of Europe 1950 2000, London, Routledge, 2000. 2. OSullivan, Noel: European Political Thought Since 1945, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Further Reading: 1. Aron, Raymond: An Essay on Freedom, New York, World Publishing, 1970. 2. Hayek, Friedrich: New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. 3. Hayek, Friedrich: The Sensory Order, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1952. 4. Horkheimer, Max and Theodor Adorno: The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trs. John Cumming, London, Verso, 1979. 5. Kagan, Robert: Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order, London, Atlantic Books, 2003. 6. Sontheimer, Kurt: The Government and Politics of West Germany, London, Hutchinson, 1972. 7. Strauss, Leo: Liberalism Ancient and Modern, Chicago, UCP, 1989.

3: Modern Political Thought

Course No.: Course Offered to: B.Tech/MS/PhD (B.Tech Minor along with HS 343 Political Philosophy and HS European Political Thought since 1945) New Course/Old Course: New Course Credits: 3-0-0-3 Course Description: The course seeks to focus on the emergence of modern political thought and to examine the trajectory of this discourse to the present day. Modern Political Thought in its origins represents a radical break from the classic understanding of human order as the microcosm of cosmic order; it seeks to come to terms with the unceasing changes, movements and upheavals in political life and to evolve an appropriate framework of politics, a politics of flux as outlined in the principato civile of Machiavelli. In examining modern political thought the focus shall be on modern thinkers and their political discourse from Machiavelli to Michael Oakeshott. Course Content: Society, the state and the individual; government; theories of sovereignty; limitations on sovereignty; idea of freedom, freedom and authority, positive and negative freedom; social contract; rule of law; natural rights; utilitarianism and justice, formal and material justice; modern political ideologies; representation in politics.

Text: 1. Cassier, Ernst: The Myth of the State, London, OUP, 1946. 2. Plamenatz, John: Man and Society: A Critical Examination of Some Important Social and Political Theories from Machiavelli to Marx, London, Longmans, 1963.

3. Select Chapters from Machiavelli: Discorsi; Hobbes: Leviathan; Karl Marx: A Critique to the Contribution of Political Economy; Mill on Bentham; from Daniel Bell: The End of Ideology.

References: 1. Berlin, Isaiah: Four Essays on Liberty, London, OUP, 1969. 2. Leche, John: Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers: From Structuralism to Postmodernity, London, Routledge, 1994. 3. Marcuse, Herbert: Reasons and Revolutions: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, Boston, Beacon Press, 1960. 4. Oakeshott, Michael: Hobbes on Civil Association, London, OUP, 1975. 5. Rawls, John: A Theory of Justice, New York, Harvard University Press, 1971. 6. Skinner, Quentin: Visions of Politics, three volumes, Cambridge, CUP, 2002. 7. Strauss, Leo and Joseph Cropsey (eds.): A History of Political Philosophy, Chicago, McNally, 1972. 8. Zizek, Slavoj (ed.): Mapping Ideology, London, Verso, 1995.