Measured Results

The prototype antenna was fabricated by using enamel wire 16 AWG, and connected
to RFID reader (ACENTECH 13.56 MHz) with a matching circuit as shown in Fig. 1.
The tag under test is the ISO card tag. The measure result magnitude of S11 of antenna
with matching circuit shows in Fig. 2. It is found that |S11| equal to -17 dB at 13.56
MHz bandwidth of 500 kHz. The antenna performance is found in term of the
percentage of volume in principal directions, that is the probability of communication
between RFID reader and tag as shown in Fig. 3. It has the percentage of volume are
100%, 95.23% and 89.62% in x-, y- and z-direction, respectively. From Fig. 3 shows
the communication performance between reader and tag of the spiral rectangular loop
antenna, it improved the communication performance in x and z axes. The gray slot
represents the activated fields whereas the black slot represents the null fields.

Figure 1 Fabricated flat spiral rectangular loop antenna.

0

-2

-4

-6
|S11| (dB)

-8

-10

-12

-14 13.56 MHz

-17 dB
-16

-18
13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13 .4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 14
Frequency (MHz)

Figure 2 Measure result magnitude of |S11| of antenna with matching circuit.

 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
81 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 81 81 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 81 81 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Distance
1 1 from
1 1antenna
1 1(cm)1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 81
78 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 78 78 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 78 78 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 78
75 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 75 75 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 75 75 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
75
72 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 72 72 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 72 72 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
72
69
69 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 69 69 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 69 69
66
66 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 66 66 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 66 66 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
63 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 63 63 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 63 63 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 63
60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60
57 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57 57 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57 57 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57
54 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54 54 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54 54 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54

A n te n n a H e ig h t ( c m )
A n te n n a H e ig h t (c m )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 51
A n te n n a H e ig h t ( c m )

51 1 51 51 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 51 51
48 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 48 48 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 48 48 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 48
45 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 45 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 45 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
45
42 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 42 42 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 42 42 1 42
39 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 39 39 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 39 39 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 39
36 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 36 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 36 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 36
33 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33 33 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33 33 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 33
30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 30
27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27
24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24
21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21
18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18
12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12
9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Distance from antenna (cm) Distance from antenna (cm) Distance from antenna (cm)

(a) Pl , H (b) Pl , H
x (c) Pl , H y z

Figure 3 The communication performance between RFID reader

and tag in the straight line between antennas in principal
directions of flat spiral rectangular loop antennas.