Three-Day Course

27-28 February & 1 March 2013 Port of Spain, Trinidad

Base-Isolation of Structures:
From Conceptual Design to Applications
Luigi Di Sarno
disarno@unina.it
Department of Structural Engineering, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy Consortium of University Earthquake Engineering Laboratories ReLUIS

Lecturer Info
Dr. Luigi Di Sarno
Qualification
Laurea, DIC (Imperial), MSc, PhD, PE, MASCE, MACI.

Current job position

Assistant Professor University of Sannio, Department of Engineering, Benevento, Italy; Affiliate Researcher, University of Naples, Department of Structural Engineering, Italy; Visiting Professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Honorary Faculty Staff at University of Bristol, UK; Consultant for Council of Caribbean Engineering Organisations for the REAKT EU-funded project; Member of Disaster Management Advisory Group (DIMAG); Technical Secretary of RELUIS Consortium.

Expertise
Reinforced concrete and steel structures; Multi-hazard design (wind and earthquake); Base isolation and supplemental damping for new and existing structures; Hospitals

Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications

Outline
DAY ONE Passive Control of Structures Principles of Base Isolation of Structures DAY TWO Earthquake Response of Structures Fundamentals of Structural Earthquake Engineering DAY THREE Design of Base Isolated Structures Design of a Base Isolated Hospital Building Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications

References
Chopra, A.K. (2007). Earthquake Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall . Christopoulos, C. & Filiatrault, A. (2006). Principles of Passive Supplemental Damping and Seismic Isolation. IUSS PRESS, Pavia, Italy. Elnashai, A.S. and Di Sarno, L. (2008). Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. Kelly, J.M. (1996). Earthquake Resistant Design with Rubber. 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag Inc., New York. Naeim, F. e Kelly, J.M. (1999). Design of Seismic Isolated Structures: from Theory to Practice. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications

Three-Day Course
27-28 February & 1 March 2013 Port of Spain, Trinidad

Passive Control of Structures

Luigi Di Sarno
disarno@unina.it
Department of Structural Engineering, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy Consortium of University Earthquake Engineering Laboratories ReLUIS

Natural catastrophes

Natural catastrophes

Earthquakes

Hazard Event

Physical Damage
Building Stock

Assessment of Impact

Social and Economic Consequences

Short Term Long Term
Housing
Relocation, Displacement

Emergency Shelter, Temporary Housing

Social Vulnerability

Transportation Systems

Direct Damage, Price Increases, Business Economic Interruption, Supply Loss Disruption

Fiscal Impacts, Business Failure, Job Loss, Reconstruction

Infrastructure Systems

Casualties, Fatalities, Health Care Disruption

Health

Psychological Distress, Chronic Injury

Critical Facilities

Emergency Supplies, Family Separation

Social Disruption Family Stress,

Neighborhood Disruption

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Structural Design

Strength / Ductility (plastic rotations, inter-storey displacements, etc.) are of paramount importance to control the Life Safety and Collapse Prevention Limit States Stiffness is the fundamental response quantity to control the Damageability Limit State Accelerations and/or Displacements control is essential to check the Operational Limit State Adequate Conceptual Design is a trade-off between Strength / Stiffness / Ductility / Accelerations

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Structural Design

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Structural Design

Source: Miranda, Stanford University, USA

Passive Control of Structures

Performance level and objectives

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Structural Design

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Structural Design

Cost Breakdown

Next Generation Designer

Modern Designer

Traditional Designer

Passive Control of Structures

Performance level and objectives

Passive Control of Structures

Performance level and objectives

Passive Control of Structures

Performance levels

How should we design reliably critical facilities?

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design
Energy approach

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Excitation Structure Response STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH HYBRID CONTROL Excitation Structure
PED

Response

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH PASSIVE CONTROL Excitation Structure

PED

Automatic Actuators Automatic Control

Response Sensors

Sensors

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH ACTIVE CONTROL Excitation Structure Response

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL Excitation Structure

PED

Response

Automatic Actuators Automatic Control

Automatic Actuators Automatic Control

Sensors

Sensors

Sensors

Sensors

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design

Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach

TYPE OF CONTROL Seismic Isolation RANGE OF APPLICATION Low-to-medium rise buildings (either new or existing). Bridges and subways. Equipment or facilities. Medium-to-high rise buildings (either new or existing). Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. Lifelines. Medium-to-high rise buildings. Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. Lifelines. High rise buildings. Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. DEGREE OF
MATURITY

Energy Dissipation

Mature technique. Many theoretical and practical results. Many applications world-wide. Mature technique. Many theoretical and practical results. Many applications world-wide. Relatively mature technique. Several theoretical and practical results. Several applications world-wide. Ongoing research stage. Several theoretical results. Few applications world-wide.

Passive Control

Active, Semi-Active and Hybrid Control

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach
SEISMIC MOTION

E K (t ) E S (t ) E (t ) E H (t ) E I (t )

INPUT ENERGY HYSTERETIC ENERGY VISCOUS ENERGY ELASTIC (STRAIN) ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach

Passive Control of Structures

Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: basic questions TRADITIONAL INNOVATIVE

How does it work?

Passive Control of Structures

Damper Response

Passive Control of Structures

Damper Response
Passive control: Supplemental damping

Passive Control of Structures

Damper Response
Passive control: Supplemental damping

Passive Control of Structures

Dampers
Passive control: Supplemental damping Hysteretic metallic devices
ADAS

DAMPER ON BRACE

BRB U-STRIP

ELICOIDAL SPRINGS DEVICES AND OMEGA LEAD

Passive Control of Structures

Dampers
Passive control: Supplemental damping Friction type devices

Passive Control of Structures

Dampers
Passive control: Supplemental damping Viscous dampers

Passive Control of Structures

Dampers

Passive Control of Structures

Dampers

Passive Control of Structures

Dampers

Passive Control of Structures

Base Isolation Systems

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Pioneering applications for critical facilities USC Hospital Building, L.A., California
Reduction of the dynamic amplification of the seismic action at the base (Ais/Abf = 1/3, located @ epicentral distance of 30km)
Vertical Irregularity
0.21g

Uniform Force Distribution

Northridge Earthquake (1994)

Deamplification

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Pioneering applications for critical facilities in Italy

GERVASUTTA, UDINE

OSPEDALE DEL MARE, NAPOLI

PINETA MARE, CASERTA

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#1: NEW CONSTRUCTION of ANAS (DOT) Building in LAquila

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
1st Mode

2nd Mode

20 1

19

20K

1K

18a 18
19K

2K 20J 1J

3
19J 2J 3K

18K 20H 18J 19H 2H 1H 3J 4K

17
17K

18H 17J

3H

4J

4a

17H 4H

16K

16

16J 16H 5J
x = 0.00 y = 0.00

5
5K

5H

3rd Mode
E

W
15H 15K 15J 6H

15
14H 7H 13H 14K 8H 7J

6J 6K

14J

14
13J

12H 11H 9H 10H 8J 13K 12J 8K

7K

13
12K

11J

10J

9J

9K 11K 10K

12

11a

11

10

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#2: : Progetto C.@.S.E.

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#2: : Progetto C.@.S.E.

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#2: : Progetto C.@.S.E.

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#3: : New school buildings

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#3: : New school buildings

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#4: RETROFIT of LAquila Justice Court Palace, Italy

Replacement of floors light-weigth design

Base Isolation with LDR-LC Passive Control of Structures

Applications

Step-by-step procedure: 1. Application of the rigid vice; 2. Application of hydraulic jacks; 3. Lifting of the jacks (loading); 4. Block up of the jacks; 5. Installation of the belt saw; 6. Cut of the column slice; 7. Remove the column slice; 8. Installation of the isolator; 9. Remove the jacks (unloading);

Passive Control of Structures

10. Remove the vice.

Applications
Example#5: : Existing residential buildings @ LAquila, Italy

RC Columns Cutting

Courtesy of CONSTA spa

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#6: : Existing residential buildings @ LAquila, Italy

Building Uplift Patented technology

Courtesy of CONSTA spa

Passive Control of Structures

CONSTA PATENT (UPLIFT)

Courtesy of CONSTA spa

Passive Control of Structures

Applications

Unseating

Span collapses at the Golden State-Antelope Valley interchange collectors during the 1971 San Fernando (left) and the 1994 Northridge (right) earthquakes in California

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#6: : Highway Bridges

Punching

Punching of piles through the road bed of the State Route 1, Watsonville area, span during the 1989 Loma Prieta (California) earthquake

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#6: : Highway Bridges

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#6: : Highway Bridges

VFPS f N

N iso R

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#6: : Highway Bridges

Placement of the isolators

0.2
Transversal displacement (m)

0.175 0.15 0.125 0.1 0.075 0.05 0.025 0 A1

Design deck displacement Design pier displacement Mean design pier displacement

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6 P7 Section ID

P8

P9

P10 P11 P12 A2

The method, which is derived from the direct displacement based procedure proposed by Priestley et al. (2007), proposes a few modifications to the general method; specific design charts have also been developed for the case of isolation by means of FPS. The derived optimal isolator have a radius R=3 m and a friction coefficient =4%

Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#6: : Highway Bridges
V - device shear (kN) V - device shear (kN) V - device shear (kN)

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I1

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I2

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I3

V - device shear (kN)

500

500

500

500 250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

V - device shear (kN)

V - device shear (kN)

V - device shear (kN)

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I5

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I6

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I7

V - device shear (kN)

500

500

500

500 250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I8

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

V - device shear (kN)

V - device shear (kN)

V - device shear (kN)

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I9

250 0 -250 -500 -0.2

250 0 -250 -500

Pier 9
I11

V - device shear (kN)

500

500

500

500 250 0 -250 -500 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2
I12

PierI10 11
-0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m) 0.2 0.3

0.3

-0.2

-0.1 0 0.1 ds - device slip (m)

0.2

0.3

0.3

Passive Control of Structures

Example#7: : Railway Bridges

Applications
Deck 50% MTOT

Isolators selection and their location LRB Isolators Steel Dampers Isolators

Case study: The Cintura Viaduct

Applications
Example#7: : Railway Bridges
Support bearings system (ULS)

Foundation

Pier Local and global ductility

Lead Rubber Bearings Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#7: : Railway Bridges
Ante

Steel Hysteretic Bearings Passive Control of Structures

Applications
Example#7: : Railway Bridges
Post

Steel Hysteretic Bearings Passive Control of Structures

Base Isolation Systems

How does it work? Why Should We Use Base Isolation Systems (BIS)? When Should We Use BIS?

Passive Control of Structures