A General Matrix Equation of Unit Exergy Loss in Regenerative System Heat Controlled Volume of Fossil Fired Power Unit

t 1295
A General Matrix Equation of Unit Exergy Loss in Regenerative System
Heat Controlled Volume of Fossil Fired Power Unit
Li Yonghua* Hu Sangao**
*College of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
(E-mail: li-yonghua@263.net)
**College of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
(E-mail: sghu@ncepu.edu.cn)
Abstract: Its the first time that, unit exergy loss has been defined. Based on the definition of unit exergy loss, the general matrix
equation of unit exergy loss in regenerative system heat controlled volume has been induced for the first time. With the matrix
equation and MathCAD software, unit exergy loss of the regenerative system heat controlled volume of 200MW and 600MW unit
has been calculated. Compared with the result which is calculated by using the definition of unit exergy loss through taking
controlled volume, the general matrix equation of unit exergy loss in regenerative system heat controlled volume is verified. By
analyzing the results, we ascertain the place of the energy saving. The general matrix equation provides a new ideal for exergy
analysis of regenerative system of fossil fired power unit, which is of an important academic significance.
Keywords: Fossil fired power unit, Regenerative system heat controlled volume, Unit exergy loss, General matrix equation
1 INTRODUCTION
At present, exergy analysis economic indicators for using
include: exergy efficiency, unit exergy consumption, exergy
loss coefficient and so on. All of these cant precisely reflect
exergy loss brought as the controlled volume produces the unit
exergy product, which is the only parameter reflecting the
energy saving potential of equipments briefly. Therefore, it is
necessary to define a parameter which can directly reflect the
exergy loss and the parameter is called unit exergy loss.
2 UNIT EXERGY LOSS
2.1 Definition of unit exergy loss
Definition of unit exergy loss ( O ): Exergy loss brought as
system (object investigated) produces the unit exergy product.
Definitional equation: =I/P
In the formula: I is systemic exergy loss; P is systemic
exergy product.
2.2 The relationship between unit exergy loss and the other
economic indicators of exergy analysis
The relationship between unit exergy loss and the purpose
exergy efficiency (
p
):
p
=1/(1+)
The relationship between unit exergy loss and the unit
exergy consumption (k): k=1+
3 THE GENERAL MATRIX EQUATION OF UNIT
EXERGY LOSS IN REGENERATIVE SYSTEM
HEAT CONTROLLED VOLUME
1
2
3
1
11 1 1 1 1
2 21 22 2 2 2 2
31 32 33 3 3 3 3 3
1 2 3
n
f
f
f
n n n nn n n n n
nf
E
v D P P
E v v D P P
v v v D P P E
v v v v D P P
E
O
O
O
O
( A
( ( ( ( (
(
( ( ( ( (
A
(
( ( ( ( (
(
( ( ( ( ( + = A
(
( ( ( ( (
(
( ( ( ( (
(
( ( ( ( (
A (

_
_
_
_
% % % % % % % %
%
"
(1)
The abbreviated equation is:
-1
-
D i fi
P VD E P
i
O ( + A =

(2)
In the equation:
1
1
2
3
n
P
P
P P
P

(
(
(
( =
(
(
(

%
!
D
As for the heat controlled volume:
1 1 1 2 w w w w2
P D e D e =
2 2 2 3 w w w w3
P D e D e =
3 3 3 4 w w w w4
P D e D e =
wi ( 1) 1 i i w i
P D e D e
i + +
=

( 1) ( 1) n wn wn w n w n
P D e D e
+ +
=
International Conference on Power Engineering-2007, October 23-27, 2007, Hangzhou, China 1296
11
21 22
31 32 33
1 2 3 n n n nn
v
v v
v v v
v v v v
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

V =
% % % %
"
V expresses lower triangular matrixthe element of matrix
( i is the number of row
ij
v j
is the number of column) is
expressed as follows:
While
i j =
,
ij ii i
v v = =
i j <
,
0
ij
v =
i j >
,
controlled volume of grade i receives drain
water of controlled volume of grade j
controlled volume of grade i doesnt receive
drain water of controlled volume of grade j
As for the contact heat controlled volume:
( 1) i d i
e |

=
, ,
i
e =
i
The meaning of other notations is shown in reference 1.
1
2
3
1
2
3
n
f
f
f
nf
E
E
E
E
( A
(
A (
(
A = A
(
(
(
(
A

_
_
_
_
if
E
%
A
if
E is the matrix that affects the heat controlled volume
fuel, which is however impacted by auxiliary exergy weak
steam flow, water flow, power flow and heat flow passing
into/off the heat controlled volume. The matrix is shortened by
the name of auxiliary energy heat controlled volume fuel
impact matrix, which is shown by the following:
0 0
, , ,0 ,0
( )

i
i i i i i
i i i
m
di i
if ik ik im im ik
W ik Q ik W im Q im
E D e e D e D
E E E E
i
|
_
A = + +
+ + + +
_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
In the equation:
i
m
ik
D
_
_ expresses the total amount of the first kind of
auxiliary stream-water flux, which is contained in drain water
flowing into the heat controlled volume of grade. i. in the very
mass unit itself.
1
2
3
n
i
O
O
O O
O
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

%
=
i
O expresses column matrix of unit exergy loss in
regenerative system heat controlled volume. More notation
signification is shown in reference 1.
To induce general matrix equation of unit exergy loss in
regenerative system heat controlled volume: we may
formulate directly with definitional equation of unit exergy
loss induced by introducing | . The paper only
demonstrates its net result provided by Equation. (2).
(supposed that there are n-grade heat controlled volume and
all the exergy flow passing into/off the heat controlled volume
is algebraic value, in which stands for into the system,
stands for off the system )
4 APPLICATION OF THE GENERAL MATRIX
EQUATION OF UNIT EXERGY LOSS
IN REGENERATIVE SYSTEM HEAT
CONTROLLED VOLUME
The general way to apply the general matrix equation of
unit exergy loss is that: (1) Divide controlled volume.
According to the water-feeding flow process, every grade
controlled volume contains a heater. Water-feeding entrance of
the last grade of controlled volume is distributed from the hot
well (refer to Fig.1). In order to compare the impact on the
heater given by shaft seal heater and shaft seal cooler
conveniently, their drain water flow into which grade
controlled volume will be distributed into the certain grade
and the shaft seal leakage passing into this grade is qualified
as the first kind of auxiliary stream-water . In the paper, the
drain water of 2# heater of 200MW unit passes across an
external drain water cooler. In order to compare the influence
of superior drain water whether passing through the drain
water cooler or not on this grade heater, the drain water cooler
is distributed into controlled volume 3. In order to analysis the
strength of the impact on the heater of this grade, a steam
cooler is distributed to the controlled volume 3. The
feeding-water passing into and out of the steam cooler can be
regarded as the second kind of auxiliary stream-water of this
grade. (2) Exergy flow passing into and out of the controlled
volume should be labeled by the rule. (3) The original data of
the system might be processed into the type of exergy flow
passing into and out of the system. (4) Formulate the matrix
and calculate it.
i
ik
D
0
i
ij
v
|

4.1 The general matrix equation of unit exergy loss in

regenerative system heat controlled volume of 200MW unit
According to the feeding-water process in thermal system
of 200MW unit, the regenerative system is divided into eight
controlled volumes, as is indicated in Fig.1. Each exergy flow
passing into and out of the controlled volume should be
labeled according to the reference 1.Then formulate the matrix.
See Eq. (3).
A General Matrix Equation of Unit Exergy Loss in Regenerative System Heat Controlled Volume of Fossil Fired Power Unit 1297
Fig.1 Regenerative system in 200MW unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3 4
5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
d d d
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
e e e e

|
| |

|
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
=
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (

!
?
3
+

8
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
1 1
2
2 2
3
3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6 6
6
6 6 7 7 7
7
8 8 8
8
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
f
f
f
f
f
f
d d
f
f
E
D P
E
D P
E
D P
E D P
D E P
D P
E
e e e D P
E
e D P
E

( A
( (
(
A ( (
(
( (
(
A
( (
(
( (
(
A
( (
(
+
( (
( A
( (
(
A ( (
(
( (
(
A
( (
(
( (
(
A

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(3)
4.2 The general matrix equation of unit exergy loss in
regenerative system heat controlled volume of
600MW unit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
According to the feeding-water process in thermal system
figure of 600MW unit, the regenerative system is divided into
seven controlled volumes, as is indicated in Fig. 2. Every
controlled volume contains a heater. Controlled volume 7#
contains two drain water coolers and one shaft seal cooler.
Each energy passing into and out of the controlled volume
should be labeled according to the reference 1.Then formulate
the matrix. See Eq. (4).
Fig.2 Regenerative system in 600MW Unit
4.3 Comparison of the results
The following presents the results of the parallel table
calculated by both the unit exergy loss definition equation and
the general matrix equation of unit exergy loss in regenerative
system heat controlled volume.
From Table 1 and Table 2, the calculated results of the two
methods are identically equivalent. It verifies that the general
matrix equation of unit exergy loss in regenerative system
controlled volume.
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 2 2 3
4 4 4
5 5 4 5
6 6 6
7 7 6 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
d d
d
d
P
P
P e e e
P
P e e
P
P e e
O
O |
O
O
O
O
O
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( (
( (

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
1 1
2
2 2
3
3 3
4 4 4
5 5
5
6 6
6
7 7
7
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
E
D P
E
D P
E
D P
E D P
D P
E
D P
E
D P
E
( A
(
(
(
( A
(
(
(
(
A
(
(
(
(
(
(
A +
(
(
(
(
(
( A
(
(
(
(
( ( ( A
(
( ( (
(

A


_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(4)
Table 1 Calculation of unit exergy loss of regenerative system heat controlled volume of 200MW unit
Calculation of unit exergy loss of regenerative system heat controlled volume of 200MW unit
Controlled
volume
Definitional equation Matrix equation Absolute error Relative error
1 0.060100874794963 0.060100874794963 0 0
2 0.056299005202921 0.05629900520292 0 0
3 0.077362656436843 0.077362656436844 0 0
4 0.092571467310361 0.092571467310361 0 0
5 0.124153544458121 0.124153544458121 0 0
6 0.225295066973086 0.225295066973086 0 0
7 0.169274678393788 0.169274678393788 0 0
8 0.407177610352676 0.407177610352676 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
International Conference on Power Engineering-2007, October 23-27, 2007, Hangzhou, China 1298
Table 2 Calculation of unit exergy loss of regenerative system heat controlled volume of 600MW unit
Calculation of unit exergy loss of regenerative system heat controlled volume of 600MW unit
Controlled
volume
Definitional equation Matrix equation Absolute error Relative error
1 0.052671418251294 0.052671418251294 0 0
2 0.051804297671703 0.051804297671703 0 0
3 0.12678110660235 0.12678110660235 0 0
4 0.108631557908898 0.108631557908898 0 0
5 0.12494391336658 0.12494391336658 0 0
6 0.211653009400279 0.211653009400279 0 0
7 0.322314042768556 0.322314042768556 0 0
5 RESULT ANALYSES OF UNIT EXERGY LOSS
IN REGENERATIVE SYSTEM HEAT
CONTROLLED VOLUME
(1) According to Fig.3, unit exergy loss of 8# heat
controlled volume in the 200MW unit is maximal, and its
irreversibility is also the greatest. The unit exergy loss of
5#6#7# heat controlled volume are greater than the rest.
So 8#7#6#5# heat controlled volume is the weak point
of the regenerative system, which is of potentiality of energy
saving.
0
0.?
0.+
0.b
! ? 3 + b 8
T|l CO\TkO \O|Ml \|Mblk
|
\
T
T

l
\
l
k
l
Y

O
S
S
Fig.3 The bar graph of unit exergy loss of heat controlled
volume of 200MW unit
(2) According to Fig.4, unit exergy loss of 7# heat
controlled volume in the 600MW unit is maximal. The unit
exergy loss of 3#4#5#6# heat controlled volume is
greater. So optimizing these heaters can advance the heat
economical efficiency of the regenerative system.
0
0.!
0.?
0.3
0.+
! ? 3 + b
T|l CO\TkO \O|Ml \|Mblk
|
\
T
T

l
\
l
k
l
Y

O
S
S
Fig.4 The bar graph of unit exergy loss of heat controlled
volume of 600MW unit
6 CONCLUSIONS
(1) The general matrix equation of unit exergy loss in
regenerative system heat controlled volume not only provides
a new idea on exergy analysis of thermodynamic system of the
whole power unit, but also is of a theoretical academic
significance.
(2) Applying the general matrix equation of unit exergy
loss, it is very easy to make the precise calculation and not
inclined to make mistakes when calculating the unit exergy
loss in regenerative system heat controlled volume.
(3) When dividing controlled volume with this matrix
equation, following the most convenient rule of comparison,
the external shaft seal heater, shaft seal cooler, drain water
cooler and steam cooler etc, which impact the most strongly
on the heat controlled volume should be distributed into the
certain grade controlled volume. The shaft seal leakage
moving into the regenerative system can be regarded as the
first kind of auxiliary stream-water
i
ik
D
(4) By comparing the above bar graph, the unit exergy loss
as well as the irreversibility of deaerator and low pressure
heater in regenerative system is greater. So they are of
potentiality of energy saving.
(5) If we analyze terminal temperature difference
impacting on coal-consumption with the first law of
thermodynamics, the result is: If the terminal temperature
difference of contact heater is zero, the fuel loss is also zero.
But according to exergy analysis, the exergy loss of heat
controlled volume whose terminal temperature difference is
zero might be greater than that of surface heater whose
terminal temperature difference is not zero. Therefore, when
we design heaters, exergoeconomic analysis should be
considered.
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A General Matrix Equation of Unit Exergy Loss in Regenerative System Heat Controlled Volume of Fossil Fired Power Unit 1299
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