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PGC

DETAILED LECTURE NOTES

DATE:.

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Conservation of Mass applied to a control volume Let us consider the law of conservation of mass as applied to the control volume.

During a time interval

, let the mass

enter the control volume and the mass

leave the control represent the mass

volume. Let represent the mass inside the control volume at time t, and inside the control volume at time (t+dt). The law of conservation of mass gives:

Here the LHS gives the change in mass within the CV during the time interval , while RHS gives the net mass flow into the CV during the time . Dividing both sides of the equation by , we get

In the limiting case as

, we obtain

PAGE NO.:..... The LHS gives rate of accumulation of mass inside the CV and the RHS has respective terms giving rate of mass entering the CV and rate of mass leaving the CV. If the CV has many inlet and exit ports, the equation becomes

(b) Conservation of Energy applied to a Control Volume

Let

= total mass inside the CV at time . total mass inside the CV at time .

specific energy of matter inside the control volume at time t. = specific energy of matter inside the control volume at time and and and and = Pressure at the inlet and exit ports, respectively. = Flow velocity at the inlet and exit ports, respectively. = specific volumes at the inlet and exit ports respectively = specific energy of the material at the inlet and exit ports respectively. .

= Rate of energy flow as heat into the control volume = Rate of shaft work done by the control volume The mass contained in the region A which enters the control volume during the time interval The mass contained in the region B which leaves the control volume during the time interval

PAGE NO.:..... From the mass balance, we can write

where

is the mass entering the control volume during the differential time

. To accommodate this, the .

mass inside the control volume has to be compressed such that its volume decreases by the amount This is accomplished by the pressure work done = Since the mass has to leave the control volume at the exit port, the work done = , acting on the material entering the control volume. Therefore, the

Energy of the system at time Energy of the system at time During the time interval We may account for the following

Energy transferred as heat to the system = Shaft work done by the system Energy flow as heat into the control volume and the shaft work delivered by the control volume are taken as positive. By applying the first law of thermodynamics, we get

or,

or,

In the limiting case,

Where, and

PAGE NO.:..... elevation of the exit and inlet ports above the datum level. The above expression can now be rearranged as

Rate of energy accumulation = Rate of energy inflow - Rate of energy outflow