COMPARISION OF OPERATIONAL

CHARECTERISTICS OF DIESEL
ENGINE RUN BY BIO DIESEL
(RUBBER SEED OIL) WITH DIESEL
FUEL OPERATION

By
T. Mohan Raj
Lecturer, SASTRA University
Thanjavur
 Introduction
„ Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, derived
from vegetable oils such as
ƒ Soybean oil
ƒ Jatropha oil
ƒ Corn oil
ƒ Sunflower oil
ƒ Cotton Seed oil
ƒ Rice Bran oil
ƒ Rubber Seed oil and etc.,
“The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels
may seem insignificant today. But such oils
may become in the course of time as
important as petroleum and the coal tar
products of the present time.”
Rudolf Diesel (1912)
Importance of Biodiesel
„ Renewable
„ Clean burning
„ High Lubricity
„ Fuel Efficiency
„ Very low greenhouse gases
„ Reduces need to import oil
„ Biodegradable
„ Safe: non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-flammable
 Properties of Rubber seed oil
properties diesel Rubber
seed oil
Kinematic viscosity in 7.956 6.0
CS
Flash point in 0C 65 72

Density in g / cc 0.892 0.86

LCV in KJ / kg 34589 44000

Pour point 0 C 20 12

Cetane number 56 45
 Transesterification Process

Single phase method Two phase method

Raw vegetable oil<= 4% FFA Raw vegetable oil> 4% FFA

Methanol Sulphuric acid

+ Transesterification Esterification +
NaOH Methanol

Crude bio-diesel

Glycerol
Washing Methanol Recovery

Neat bio-diesel
 Experimental Setup - Schematic

Diesel Biodiesel 1. C.I.ENGINE

4 5
2. EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER
Data acquisition 3. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
6 system 4. DIESEL TANK
3
5. BIODIESEL TANK
6. VALVE
7. COOLING WATER SYSTEM
8. ENGINE SHAFT
9. COUPLING/FLANGE
7

Cooling 9
water in 8
1 2

Cooling
water out
Experimental Setup - Photograph
 Engine Configuration
Make and Model : COMET
No. of Cylinder : One
Orientation : Vertical
Cycle : 4 Strokes
Ignition System : C.I.
Bore and stroke : 80 x 110 mm
Arrangement of valves : Overhead
Rated power : 3.5 kW @ 1500 rpm
Cooling Medium : Water
Combustion Chamber : Open
Compression ratio : 18:1
Displacement volume : 553 cc
 Procedure
¾The engine is coupled with an eddy current
dynamometer.

¾ Rubber seed oil was injected in to the engine through

the existing conventional injection system.

¾ Two separate fuel tanks were used, one for diesel fuel
and other for Rubber seed oil. Both the fuels were injected
at the room temperature only.

¾ A fuel changing arrangement was provided to change

one fuel mode to another fuel.
CONT…..
¾The test rig is a computerized engine test rig, all the
observations were carried out by the respective sensors.

¾ The engine speed was measured by the crank angle

encoder. The cylinder pressure and fuel injection pressure
were measured by the piezo electric sensors.

¾ The signals that were obtained from various sensors are

fed to the engine indicator for storing the data and
interfacing with computer.
 RESULT
AND
DISCUSSION
 Load Vs Brake Thermal Efficiency

40

35
BREAK THERMAL EFFICIENCY (%)

30

25

DIESEL
20
BIODIESEL

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Load Vs Specific Fuel Consumption

4
SFC(kg/kW-hr)

DIESEL
3
BIODIESEL

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Load Vs Exhaust Gas Temperature

400

350
C)
O
EXHAUST GAS TEMPARATURE (

300
 Diesel
250 ƒ Biodiesel
DIESEL
200
BIODIESEL

150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Load Vs Volumetric Efficiency

60

50
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY(%)

40

DIESEL
30
BIODIESEL

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Load Vs Delay Period

10

7
DELAY PERIOD ( CA)
O

DIESEL
5
BIODIESEL
4

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Load Vs Peak Pressure

90

80

70
PEAK PRESSURE(bar)

60

50
DIESEL
BIODIESEL
40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Load Vs Rate of Pressure Rise

8
\)

7
RATE OF PRESSURE RISE(dp/ d

5
DIESEL
BIODIESEL
4

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
LOAD (Kgf)
 Conclusion
„ The performance and the combustion
characteristics of diesel engine and
biodiesel almost match.
„ Biodiesel is very effective and can be used
as an alternative fuel without any engine
modifications.
„ Rubber seed oil as biodiesel is considered
as cost effective when produced in large
quantity.
 References
„ Abdul Monyem., Jon, H and Van Gerpen. (2001) ‘The effect of
Biodiesel oxidation on Engine Performance and Emissions’,
International Journal of Biomass and Bio Energy, No.20, pp.
317-325.
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fuel in a Diesel Tractor’ Transactions of American society of
automotive engineers, Vol.85, pp. 70-74.
„ Kyle W Scholl, and Spencer C Sorenson (1993) ‘Combustion
Analysis of Soybean |oil Methyl Ester in a Direct Injection
Diesel Engine’, Society of Automotive engineers, Paper No.
930934.
„ Larry E. Wagner., Stanley J. Clark and Mark D. Schrock (1984)
‘Effect of Soybean Oil Esters on the Performance, Lubrication
Oil and Water of Diesel Engines’, Society of Automotive
engineers, Paper No. 841385.
„ Nobukazu Takagi, and Koichiro Itow (1984) ‘Low Carbon
Flower Buildup Low Smoke and Efficient Diesel Operation with
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Diesel Oil or alcohols’, Society of automotive engineers, Paper
No.841161.
„ Recep Altin., Selim Cetinkaya and Huseyin Serdas
Yucesu. (2001) ‘The Potential of Using Vegetable oil
Fuels as Fuel for Diesel Engines’, International Journal of
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of Coconut Oil and Its Methyl Esters in a Diesel Engine’,
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213, Part A, pp. 417-425.
„ Ramesh, A., Nagalingam, B. and Goparakrishnan, K.V.
(1989) ‘Performance of Glow Plug Surface Ignition Engine
with Methyl ester of Rice Bran Oil as Fuel’, Proceedings
of XI National Conference on I.C. Engines and
Combustion, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil
Nadu state, India.
„ Varaprasad, C.M., Muralikrishna, M.V.S and Prabhakar
reddy, C. (1997) ‘Investigations on Bio diesel (Esterified
Jatropha Curcus Oil) in Diesel Engines’ XV National
Conference on I.C. Engines and Combustion, Anna
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
RUBBER SEED
Soybean Plantation
Jatropha curcas