Bao Cao Thuc Tap Hoa Phan Tich 1986 7201

Trang : 0
TRNG I HC LT
KHOA MI TRNG
---****---

BO CO THC TP

BI THC TP : NHM I T 6
Nguyn Minh Hoan 0610599
Phan Th Hin 0612336
Phm Th Thu Hin 0610596
ng Xun Hng 0610603

Lt, nm 2008
Trang : 1
MC LC
Bi 1:
I . Mc ch: Trang : 2
I I . Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht: Trang : 2
I I I . Kt qu v bo co kt qu: Trang : 3
I V. Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp: Trang : 5
Bi 2:
I V. Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp: Trang :
Bi 3:
Bi 4:
I . Mc ch: Trang :
I I . Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht: Trang :
I I I . Kt qu v bo co kt qu: Trang :
Bi 5:
I . Mc ch: Trang :
Bi 6:
I . Mc ch: Trang :

Trang : 2
Bi 1:
PHA CH V CHUN DUNG DCH HCl, DNG HCl VA PHA CHUN
LI NNG DUNG DCH NaOH

I. Mc ch
Bi 1 l bi tp c bn u tin trong thc tp phn tch nh tnh, nh lng
ca cc cht. Thc hnh pha ch v chun li dung dch chun HCl.
Tip tc s dng HCl va pha chun li nng cha bit ca dung dich
cn nh phn NaOH.
II. Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Pha dung dch Na
2
B
4
O
7
t Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O. Th tch cn pha l 250mL; nng
ng lng 0,1N ; M = 381,37g/mol., Xc nh khi lng
Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O cn dng :
Gii:
ng lng ca Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O l:
69 . 190
2
37 . 381
n
= = =
M
D
Khi lng Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O cn dng pha 250mL dung dch Na
2
B
4
O
7

0.1N l :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
77 . 4
1000
250 69 . 190 1 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=

Cn 4,72g Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O pha thnh 250mL dung dch. tnh C
N
Gii :
ng lng 69 . 190
2
37 . 381
n
= = =
M
D
Nng ng lng ca dung dch l:
N
D
a
CN
099 . 0
250 69 . 190
1000 72 . 4
1000
V
~
=

Pha 1 Lt dung dch HCl 0,1N t dung dch gc c P% =38 % v d =1.19
g/mL, Tnh lng HCl 38% cn dng:
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch HCl 38% l :
N
D
P d
CN
39 . 12
5 . 36
38 19 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch HCl 12.39N cn dng pha 1lt HCl 0.1N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
07 . 8
39 . 12
1000 1 . 0
0
0 0 0
~
= =

Trang : 3
III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
1. Th nghim I : Chun dung dch HCl
Ra sch cc dng c th nghim, cho dung dch HCl vo Buret
chnh n vch zero, phn ui ca Buret khng c c bt kh.
Dng Pipet ly chnh xc dung dch Na
2
B
4
O
7
0.099N va pha
vo bnh nn sch, nh thm 1~2 git ch th Metyl .
m kho Buret cho dung dch HCl t t nh xung bnh tam
gic, lc u. Khi dung dch t ngt chuyn t mu vng sang
mu hng th dng li v ghi th tch HCl tiu tn ta c :
STT Th tch Na
2
B
4
O
7
0.099N Th tch HCl
1 10 mL 10.7 mL
2 10 mL 10.5 mL
3 10 mL 10.5 mL

Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
BO H NaCl O H HCl O B Na 3 3 2 7 4 2 2 5 2
+ + +
Trng hp chun trc tip :
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c c nng ca HCl :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng Metyl c pT =5.5 lm cht ch th. Do
phng trnh kt thc chun pH 5.5 nn c [H
+
] =10
-5.5
. V
y l trng hp chun acid mnh nn qa trnh chun
dng trc im tng ng. T ta c th tnh c sai s
ch th theo cng thc:
| |
( )
100
%

+
+
=
C V
V V H
S
R R
R X

T ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
HCl
Th tch
Na
2
B
4
O
7

Nng
Na
2
B
4
O
7

Nng
HCl
pT
ch th
Sai s
ch th
1 10.70 mL 10.00 mL 0.0990 N 0.0925 N 5.5 -0.0065%
2 10.50 mL 10.00 mL 0.0990 N 0.0943 N 5.5 -0.0064%
3 10.50 mL 10.00 mL 0.0990 N 0.0943 N 5.5 -0.0064%
Tb 10.57 mL 10.00 mL 0.0990 N 0.0937 N -0.0064%

2. Th nghim II
Trng hp 1: Vi ch th Metyl da cam.
Cho HCl 0.937N va chun v Buret, ly chnh xc 10mL
NaOH cn chun vo bnh nn, thm vi git ch th Metyl da
cam. chun cho n khi dung dch t ngt chuyn t mu
Trang : 4
vng sang mu da cam th dng li, ghi li th tch ta c bng s
liu.
Stt Th tch NaOH Th tch HCl 0.0937N
1 10 mL 10.9 mL
2 10 mL 10.6 mL
3 10 mL 10.8 mL
Phng trnh chun :
O H NaCl HCl OH Na 2
+ +
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca NaOH l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =

Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng Metyl da cam c pT =4.0 lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 4.0 nn c [H
+
] =
10
-5.5
. V y l trng hp chun Baz mnh nn qa trnh
chun dng sau im tng ng. T ta c th tnh c
sai s ch th theo cng thc:
| |
( )
100
%

+
+
=
C V
V V H
S
R R
R X

STT
Th tch
NaOH
Th tch
HCl
Nng
HCl
Nng
NaOH
pT
ch th
Sai s
ch th
1 10.00 mL 10.90 mL 0.0990 N 0.1079 N 4 0.1898%
2 10.00 mL 10.60 mL 0.0990 N 0.1049 N 4 0.1924%
3 10.00 mL 10.80 mL 0.0990 N 0.1069 N 4 0.1907%
Tb 10.00 mL 10.77 mL 0.0990 N 0.1066 N 0.1910%

Trng hp 2: Vi ch th Phenolphtalein
Cho HCl 0.937N va chun v Buret, ly chnh xc 10mL
NaOH cn chun vo bnh nn, thm vi git ch th
Phenolphtalein. chun cho n khi dung dch t ngt chuyn
t nu hng sang khng mu th dng li, ghi li th tch ta c
bng s liu.
Stt Th tch NaOH Th tch HCl 0.0937N
1 10 mL 10.3 mL
2 10 mL 10.4 mL
3 10 mL 10.2 mL
Phng trnh chun :
+ +
Trang : 5
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca NaOH l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =

Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng phenolphtalein c pT =9.0 lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 9.0 nn c [OH
-
] =
10
-5
. V y l trng hp chun baz mnh nn qa trnh
chun dng trc im tng ng. T ta c th tnh
c sai s ch th theo cng thc:
| |
( )
100
%

+
=
C V
V V OH
S
R R
R X

STT
Th tch
NaOH
Th tch
HCl
Nng
HCl
Nng
NaOH
pT
ch th
Sai s
ch th
1 10.00 mL 10.30 mL 0.0990 N 0.1020 N 9 -0.0195%
2 10.00 mL 10.40 mL 0.0990 N 0.1030 N 9 -0.0194%
3 10.00 mL 10.20 mL 0.0990 N 0.1010 N 9 -0.0196%
Tb 10.00 mL 10.30 mL 0.0990 N 0.1020 N -0.0195%

IV. Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:
1. Vit cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh nh phn Na
2
B
4
O
7
bng HCl?
Cc Phng trnh Phn ng xy ra:
(1)
BO H NaOH O H O B Na 3 3 2 7 4 2 4 2 7
+ +
(2)
O H NaCl HCl NaOH 2
+ +
Cng gp hai phng trnh li ta c :
(3)
BO H NaCl O H HCl O B Na 3 3 2 7 4 2 2 5 2
+ + +
2. Tnh pH ca dung dch H
3
BO
3
nng 0,1M bit pK
H3BO3
=9.24?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ly:
BO
H
BO
H
BO
H H
BO
H
BO
H H BO H
+
+

+

+

3
3
2
3
2
3 3
3
2
2 3 3

pH dung dch :
| | | | 12 . 5 1 . 0 lg 24 . 9
2
1
lg
2
1
= = =
C
pK
a
a
pH
3. Ti sao trong trng hp nh phn (pK1) ny ngi ta dng Metyl lm
cht ch th?
Trang : 6
Gii thch:
Ta c : trong dung dch, Na
2
B
4
O
7
phn ly thnh NaOH v H
3
BO
3
theo
Phng trnh:
BO H NaOH O H O B Na 3 3 2 7 4 2 4 2 7
+ +
Khi a dung dch vo nh phn, NaOH trong dung dch s tc dng
hon ton vi HCl :
O H NaCl HCl NaOH 2
+ +
Khi n im tng ng, ton b NaOH Phn ng ht vi HCl,
trong dung dch ch cn li l H
3
BO
3
ng vai tr to mi trng pH cho
dung dch. ng thi ta c, pH ca dung dch H
3
BO
3
vo khong 5.12 ,
trng vi khong pH i mu ca ch th Metyl . Nn khi ta dng Metyl
lm ch th th kt thc chun s ri vo im gn im tng ng
nht v do chnh xc ca kt qu l cao nht.
4. Tnh s mL dung dch HCl 38% (d=1.19g/mL) cn thit pha 250mL dung
dch HCl 0.1N?
Gii:
Nng C
N
N
D
P d
CN
39 . 12
5 . 36
38 19 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch HCl 12.39N cn dng pha 250mL HCl 0.1N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
018 . 2
39 . 12
250 1 . 0
0
0 0 0
~
= =

5. Cn ly bao nhiu mL HNO
3
68% (d=1.4g/mL) pha 5L HNO
3
0.1N?
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch HNO
3
68% l :
N
D
P d
CN
11 . 15
63
68 4 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch HNO
3
68% pha 5L HNO
3
0.1N
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
091 . 33
11 . 15
5000 1 . 0
0
0 0 0
~
= =

6. Ti sao khi dng Metyl v Phenolphtalein lm cht ch th trong trng
hp nh phn dung dch NaOH tip xc lu vi khng khi bng dung dch
HCl th kt qu khc nhau?
Gii thch:
V NaOH l cht ht m mnh v d dng tc dng vi nhng cht khc
nh CO
2
, SO
2
trong khng kh lm cho nng ca n gim xung. do
nng ca n s thp hn nng ban u.
Bn cnh , khong pH i mu ca Metyl v Phenolphtalein l khc
nhau, Metyl c khong i mu t 4.4-6.2 v c pT=5.5 nn khi chun
NaOH qu trnh s dng li sau im tng ng, th cn lng acid ln hn.
Cn i vi Phenolphtalein th c khong pH i mu t 8-10 v c pT=9 nn
qu trnh chun dng trc im tng ng do cn t acid hn.

Trang : 7
7. Tm nng ng lng gram v chun ca dung dch KOH nu ly
0.1485g acid H
2
C
4
H
4
O
4
ha tan ri nh phn bng dung dch KOH th ht
25.2mL dung dch KOH?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
O H O H C K KOH O H C H 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2
+ +
Nng ng lng gam v chun ca dung dich KOH l:
mL g
C D
T b
N
O H C H
O H C H
O H C H
V
M
a
C
V
n
V M
n M
V D
a
C a
KOH
N
KOH KOH KOH
KOH KOH
KOH KOH
KOH
N
/
1000
56 1 . 0
1000
)
1 . 0
2 . 25
1000
118
1485 . 0 2 1000
1000
1000
1000
10 6 . 5
2
2
)
3
4 4 4 2
4 4 4 2
4 4 4 2
=
~
=

8. Cho 9.777g acid HNO
3
m c vo nc pha long thnh 1L. nh phn
25mL dung dch NaOH 0.104N cn 25.45mL dung dch acid va pha trn.
Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO
3
m c?

Gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
O H NaNO NaOH HNO 2 3 3
+ +
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c c nng ca HCl :
N
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
1022 . 0
45 . 25
104 . 0 25
~
= =

Khi lng HNO
3
tnh khit l:
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
439 , 6
1000
1000 63 1022 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=
Phn trm ca HNO
3
l:
% 85 . 65 100
777 . 9
439 . 6
100
%
~ = =
m
a
P NaOH

9. Tnh s gram H
3
PO
4
c trong dung dch nu khi nh phn dung dch bng
dung dch NaOH 0.2N dng Phenolphtalein lm cht ch th th tn 25.5mL
dung dch NaOH?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:

O H HPO Na NaOH PO H 2 2 2 4 2 4 3
+ +
S mol ca NaOH v H
3
PO
4
l:
Trang : 8
mol
mol
n n
V C n
NaOH PO H
NaOH M NaOH
NaOH
3
3
3 3
10 55 . 2
2
10 1 . 5
2
1
10 1 . 5 10 5 . 25 2 . 0
4 3
= =
= = =

Khi lng ca H
3
PO
4
l:
g
M n m PO H PO H PO H
2499 . 0
98 10 55 . 2
3
4 3 4 3 4 3
= = =

Trang : 9
Bi 2:
- XC NH NNG CH
3
COOH, H
3
PO
4
V NH
4
OH.
- XC NH HM LNG Na
2
CO
3
TRONG Na
2
CO
3
K THUT.
- XC NH NNG NaOH V Na
2
CO
3
TRONG HN HP.

I. Mc ch.
Thc tp nh phn, xc nh nng ca mt cht bt k ang tn ti dng
dung dch m ta cha bit nng , thng qua thc tp nh phn dung dch
CH
3
COOH, H
3
PO
4
v NH
4
OH.
Xc nh tp cht c trong mt cht c sn xut trong k thut.
Luyn tp thc hnh phn tch thnh phn hn hp v nng ca chng.
II. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha 1 Lt dung dch HCl 0,1N t dung dch gc c P% = 38 % v
d=1.19g/mL, Tnh lng HCl 38% cn dng:
Gii:
Nng C
N
N
D
P d
CN
39 . 12
5 . 36
38 19 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch HCl 12.39N cn dng pha 1lt HCl 0.1N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
07 . 8
39 . 12
1000 1 . 0
0
0 0 0
~
= =

Pha ch th hn hp c pT =5
pha hn hp ch th c pT =5 cn c hai ch th l Metyl 0.2% trong
ru v Bromcresol 0.1% trong ru; ly th tch hai ch th bng nhau, ho
trn v khuy u, ta c mt ch th c pH i mu t 4.9 n 5.3 v c
pT=5.
Cn chnh xc 0.2g Na
2
CO
3
, ho tan hon ton bng 50mL nc ct.
III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I :
Ly chnh xc 10mL dung dch CH
3
COOH vo bnh tam gic, nh
thm vi git cht ch th Phenolphtalein 0.1%. T Buret nh dung
dch NaOH 0.1N xung cho n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu
hng v khng i mu trong khong 5 giy. Ghi li th tch
dng ta c bng s liu.
Ln th nghim Th tch NaOH 0.1 N dng
1 10.9 mL
2 10.9 mL
3 10.8 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim.
Phng trnh chun :
O H Na COO CH COOH CH OH Na 2 3 3
+ +
Trng hp chun trc tip acid yu bng baz mnh
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca CH
3
C OOH l
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =

Trang : 10
Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng phenolphtalein c pT =9.0 lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 9.0 nn c [OH
-
] =
10
-5
.. Nn qa trnh chun dng sau im tng ng. T
ta c th tnh c sai s ch th theo cng thc:
| |
( )
C V
V V OH
S
R R
R X
=
100
%

STT
Th tch
CH
3
COOH
Th tch
NaOH
Nng
NaOH
Nng
CH
3
COOH
pT
ch th
Sai s
ch th
1 10.00 mL 10.90 mL 0.1000 N 0.1090 N 9 0.0192%
2 10.00 mL 10.90 mL 0.1000 N 0.1090 N 9 0.0192%
3 10.00 mL 10.80 mL 0.1000 N 0.1080 N 9 0.0193%
Tb 10.00 mL 10.87 mL 0.1000 N 0.1087 N 0.0192%

2. Th nghim II :
Trng hp 1: Ch th Metyl 0.1% v Phenolphtalein 0.1%
Ly 10mL dung dch H
3
PO
4
vo bnh tam gic, cho thm 2~3 git
cht ch th Metyl 0.1%, cho t t dung dch NaOH 0.1N vo
bnh cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu sang mu vng cam
th ngng li, ghi th tch NaOH tiu tn. Tip tc cho thm vi
git cht ch th Phenolphtalein tip tc chun cho n khi dung
dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam th ngng li, ghi li
th tch tiu tn. ta c bng s liu:
Stt Th tch tiu tn (Metyl ) Th tch tiu tn (Ph.ph)
1 8.7 mL 14.6 mL
2 8.5 mL 14.7 mL
3 8.6 mL 14.5 mL
Phng trnh chun :
) 3 (
) 2 (
) 1 (
2 4 3 4 2
2 4 2 4 2
2 4 2 4 3
Pu
Pu
Pu
O H PO Na PO H Na OH Na
O H PO H Na PO H Na OH Na
O H PO H Na PO H OH Na
+ +
+ +
+ +

Vi ch th Metyl : phn ng xy ra nc phn ng th nht ca
acid (Pu1)
Trng hp chun trc tip:
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca H
3
PO
4
l:
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =

Trang : 11
STT
Th tch
H
3
PO
4

Th tch
NaOH
Nng
NaOH
Nng
H
3
PO
4

1 10.00 mL 8.70 mL 0.1000 N 0.0870 N
2 10.00 mL 8.50 mL 0.1000 N 0.0850 N
3 10.00 mL 8.60 mL 0.1000 N 0.0860 N
Tb 10.00 mL 8.60 mL 0.1000 N 0.0860 N
Vi ch th Phenolphtalein : phn ng xy ra nc phn ng th
hai ca acid (Pu2)
V V V do Metyl lein Phenolphta R .
=

2
PO
4
-
l:
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X

= =
STT
Th tch
H
3
PO
4

Th tch
NaOH
Nng
NaOH
Nng
H
2
PO
4
-

1 10.00 mL 5.90 mL 0.1000 N 0.0590 N
2 10.00 mL 6.20 mL 0.1000 N 0.0620 N
3 10.00 mL 5.90 mL 0.1000 N 0.0590 N
Tb 10.00 mL 6.00 mL 0.1000 N 0.0600 N
Trng hp 2: Ch th c pT =5.1 v pT=10.1
Ly 10mL dung dch H
3
PO
4
vo bnh tam gic, cho thm 2~3 git
cht ch th pT =5.1 cho t t dung dch NaOH 0.1N vo bnh cho
n khi dung dch chuyn t mu sang mu xanh lc th ngng
li, ghi th tch NaOH tiu tn.
Stt Th tch tiu tn
1 8.5 mL
2 8.4 mL
3 8.5 mL
Ly 10mL dung dch H
3
PO
4
vo bnh tam gic cho thm vi git
cht ch th pT =10.1 (thay bng Phenolphtalein pT =9) chun cho
n khi dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu tm th ngng
li, ghi li th tch tiu tn. ta c bng s liu:

Stt Th tch tiu tn
1 15.0 mL
2 15.2 mL
3 15.1 mL
Trang : 12
Phng trnh chun :
) 3 (
) 2 (
) 1 (
2 4 3 4 2
2 4 2 4 2
2 4 2 4 3
Pu
Pu
Pu
O H PO Na PO H Na OH Na
O H PO H Na PO H Na OH Na
O H PO H Na PO H OH Na
+ +
+ +
+ +

Vi ch th pT = 5.1 : phn ng xy ra nc phn ng th nht ca
acid (Pu1)
3
PO
4
l:
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X

= =
STT
Th tch
H
3
PO
4

Th tch
NaOH
Nng
NaOH
Nng
H
3
PO
4

1 10.00 mL 8.50 mL 0.1000 N 0.0850 N
2 10.00 mL 8.40 mL 0.1000 N 0.0840 N
3 10.00 mL 8.50 mL 0.1000 N 0.0850 N
Tb 10.00 mL 8.47 mL 0.1000 N 0.0847 N

Vi ch th Phenolphtalein : phn ng xy ra nc1 v 2 ca phn
ng th hai ca acid (Pu1,2)
C C C
PO H PH H
R
+ =
4 2 4 3

3
PO
4
l:
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X

= =
STT
Th tch
H
3
PO
4

Th tch
NaOH
Nng
NaOH
Nng
H
3
PO
4

1 10.00 mL 15.00 mL 0.1000 N 0.1500 N
2 10.00 mL 15.20 mL 0.1000 N 0.1520 N
3 10.00 mL 15.10 mL 0.1000 N 0.1510 N
Tb 10.00 mL 15.10 mL 0.1000 N 0.1510 N

3. Th nghim III :
Ly 10mL NH
4
OH vo bnh nn, thm vi git Metyl da cam
0.1%, cho t t HCL 0.1N t Buret vo v lc u cho n khi
dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mau da cam, ghi s th tch
HCl dng.
Lm tng t vi ch th Metyl 0.1%
Trang : 13
Qua hai ln th nghim vi hai thuc th ta c kt qu sau:
Th tch HCl ng vi ch th Metyl da cam Metyl
1 3.9 8.0
2 3.7 7.9
3 4.0 8.1
Phng trnh chun :
O H Cl NH HCl OH NH 2 4 4
+ +
Trng hp chun trc tip baz yu bng acid mnh
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca NH
4
OH l
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng Metyl da cam v Metyl lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 4.0 v pH 5.5 nn c
[H
+
] =10
-4
v [H
+
] =10
-5.5
Nn qa trnh chun dng trc
im tng ng. T ta c th tnh c sai s ch th theo
cng thc:
| |
( )
C V
V V H
S
R R
R X
+
+
=
100
%

i vi ch th Metyl da cam:
STT
Th tch
NH
4
OH
Th tch
HCl
Nng

HCl
Nng

NH
4
OH
pT
ch th
Sai s
ch th
1 10.00 mL 3.90 mL 0.10 N 0.04 N 4 0.3564%
2 10.00 mL 3.70 mL 0.10 N 0.04 N 4 0.3703%
3 10.00 mL 4.00 mL 0.10 N 0.04 N 4 0.3500%
Tb 10.00 mL 3.87 mL 0.10 N 0.04 N 0.3589%

i vi ch th metyl :
STT
Th tch
NH
4
OH
Th tch
HCl
Nng

HCl
Nng

NH
4
OH
pT
ch th
Sai s
ch th
1 10.00 mL 8.00 mL 0.10 N 0.08 N 5.5 0.0071%
2 10.00 mL 7.90 mL 0.10 N 0.08 N 5.5 0.0072%
3 10.00 mL 8.10 mL 0.10 N 0.08 N 5.5 0.0071%
Tb 10.00 mL 8.00 mL 0.10 N 0.08 N 0.0071%

4. Th nghin IV :
Cho 0.2g Na
2
CO
3
vo bnh nn v ho tan hon ton vi 50mL
nc ct.
Ly 10ml cho vo bnh tam gic chun cho thm vai git ch th
Bromcresol xanh cho cho thm 10mL dung dch HCl 0.1N dung
dch s chuyn t mu sang mu vng cam. em hn hp sau
Trang : 14
phn ng un si vi pht, cho thm vi git ch th Phenolphtalein
v thc hin chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N cho n khi
dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam th dng li, ghi
kt qu thu c ta c:
Ln th nghim Th tch NaOH
1 2.3 mL
2 2.2 mL
3 2.3 mL
Phng trnh chun :
O H CO CO H
CO H NaCl HCl CO Na
t
o
2 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
+
+ +

+ +
Trng hp chun ngc :
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c khi lng ca Na
2
CO
3
trong
10mL l :
D
V C V C
m V C V C V C X
R R
X R R X X
R R
R R

= = +

1000
' '
' '
Khi lng ca Na
2
CO
3
trong 50mL l :
10
50
m
a
X
=
Phn trm khi lng ca Na
2
CO
3
l:
100
%
=
p
a
P

Ta c bng s liu sau :
STT
Khi lng
cn
Th tch
Na2CO3 (pha)
Th tch
Na2CO3 (ly)
Khi
lng
Phn
trm
1 0.200 g 50.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.163 g 81.6%
2 0.200 g 50.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.165 g 82.7%
3 0.200 g 50.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.163 g 81.6%
Tb 0.200 g 50.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.164 g 82.0%
5. Th nghim V
Phng php 1
Ly 10mL hn hp NaOH+Na
2
CO
3
cho vo bnh tam gic, thm
vi git ch th Phenolphtalein v thj hin chun bng dung
dch HCl 0.1N cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu tm sang
khng mu, ghi th tch V1 thu c. Sau cho thm vi git ch
th Metyl da cam v tip tc chun cho n khi dung dch
chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam th ngng li v ghi li th
tch V
2
dng. Ta c bng s liu sau:
ln V1 V2
1 11.1 mL 12.5 mL
2 11.3 mL 12.4 mL
3 11.2 mL 12.4 mL
Trang : 15
Phng trnh chun :
O H NaCl HCl OH Na
CO H NaCl HCl CO NaH
CO NaH NaCl HCl CO Na
2
3 2 3
3 3 2
+ +
+ +
+ +

Xc nh khi lng ca cc thnh phn trong hn hp:
D C
V V
m NaOH HCl NaOH

=
1000
2
2 1

D C
V V
m
CO Na CO Na
HCl
=
3 2 3 2
1000
2
1 2

Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc cht:
% %
%
100
100
3 2
3 2
P P
m m
m
P
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
CO Na
CO Na
=
+
=

Ta c bng s liu sau:
Stt
Th tch
V
1

Th tch
V
2

Nng
HCl
ng
lng
NaOH
ng
lng
Na
2
CO
3

Phn
trm
NaOH
Phn
trm
Na
2
CO
3

1 11.10 mL 12.50 mL 0.10 N 40 53 72.33% 27.67%
2 11.30 mL 12.40 mL 0.10 N 40 53 77.77% 22.23%
3 11.20 mL 12.40 mL 0.10 N 40 53 75.87% 24.13%
Tb 11.20 mL 12.43 mL 0.10 N 75.33% 24.67%

Phng php 2:
Ly 10mL dung dch NaOH+Na
2
CO
3
cho vi git cht ch th
Metyl da cam vo thc hin chun bng HCl 0.1N cho n khi
dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam thi ngng li v
ghi th tch V
1
. Ta c bng s liu sau :
Ln th nghim Th tch HCl tiu tn
1 7.8 mL
2 7.9 mL
3 7.6 mL
Ly 10mL hn hp trn cho vo bnh tam gic, thm 5~7mL dung
dch BaCl
2
5% v 8~10 git ch th Phennolphtalein, khng cn
lc b kt ta, em hn hp nh phn bng dung dch HCl 0.1N
cho n khi mt mu dung dch, ghi li th tch V
2
ta c :
Ln Th tch HCl tiu tn
1 6.0 mL
2 5.8 mL
3 5.9 mL

Trang : 16
Phng trnh chun :
O H NaCl HCl OH Na
CO H NaCl HCl CO NaH
CO NaH NaCl HCl CO Na
2
3 2 3
3 3 2
+ +
+ +
+ +

Xc nh khi lng ca cc thnh phn trong hn hp:
D C
V
m NaOH HCl NaOH
=
1000
2

D C
V V
m
CO Na CO Na
HCl
=
3 2 3 2
1000
2
2 1

Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc cht:
% %
%
100
100
3 2
3 2
P P
m m
m
P
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
CO Na
CO Na
=
+
=

Ta c bng s liu sau:
Stt
Th tch
V
1

Th tch
V
2

Nng
HCl
ng
lng
NaOH
ng
lng
Na
2
CO
3

Phn
trm
NaOH
Phn
trm
Na
2
CO
3

1 7.80 mL 9.60 mL 0.10 N 40 53 55.71% 44.29%
2 7.90 mL 10.00 mL 0.10 N 40 53 51.03% 48.97%
3 7.60 mL 9.30 mL 0.10 N 40 53 56.70% 43.30%
Tb 7.77 mL 9.63 mL 0.10 N 54.48% 45.52%

Trang : 17
Bi 3:
- PHA CH V XC NH NNG DUNG DCH KMnO
4
.
-
XC NH NNG CA DUNG DCH ST (II) BNG KMnO
4.

II. Mc ch.
Luyn tp pha ch dung dch chun v s dng H
2
C
2
O
4
xc nh li nng
ca dung dch chun pha l KMnO
4
.
S dng dung dch chun va pha c nh phn dung dch st (II)
ng thi tng cng k nng cho nhng qu trnh thc hnh phn tch
mi trng trong thc t.
III. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha ch dung dch H
2
C
2
O
4
0.05N, tnh lng cn H
2
C
2
O
4
.2H
2
O cn thit
pha 100mL v 500mL dung dch ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 100mL :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
3152 . 0
1000
100 0335 . 63 05 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
5758 . 1
1000
500 0335 . 63 05 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=
Cn 0.3151g H
2
C
2
O
4
.10H
2
O tnh nng ng lng khi pha thnh 100mL
dung dch.
Gii:
Nng ca dung dch l:
N
D
a
CN
05 . 0
100 0335 . 63
1000 3151 . 0
1000
V
~
=
Pha 250mL dung d ch H
2
SO
4
6N, tnh th tch H
2
SO
4
98% (d =1.84g/mL)?
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% l :
N
D
P d
CN
8 . 36
49
98 84 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch H
2
SO
4
98% cn dng pha 250mL H
2
SO
4
6N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
761 . 40
8 . 36
250 6
0
0 0 0
~
= = =

Pha hn hp hai acid H
2
SO
4
v H
3
PO
4
:
Ly 150ml H
2
SO
4
c (d =1.84g/mL) v cho tht cn thn vo 500mL nc,
ngui, ri li thm 150mL H
3
PO
4
c (d =1.7g/mL) sau pha thnh
1000mL dung dch.
IV. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I : nh phn dung dch KMnO
4

Ly 10mL dung dch H
2
C
2
O
4
va pha cho vo bnh tam gic, thm
7mL dung dch H
2
SO
4
6N, un nng trn bp in n 70~80 .
Cho t t dung dch KMnO
4
vo hn hp trn, lc u cho tht
chm to lng Mn
2+
lm xc tc, sau c th tng tc
nhanh hn, chun cho ti khi dung dch c mu hng trong khong
Trang : 18
30giy m dung dch khng i mu th ngng li, ghi th tich
KMnO4 dng ta c:
ln Th tch KMnO
4

1 9.8 mL
2 10.0 mL
3 9.9 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim :
Phng trnh chun :
O
H
CO SO Mn SO K
SO H O C H KMnO
8 10
2
3 5 2
2 2
4 4 2
4 2 4 2 2 4
+ +
+
+ +

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca KMnO
4
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X

= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
KMnO
4

Th tch
H
2
C
2
O
4

Nng
H
2
C
2
O
4

Nng

KMnO
4

1 9.80 mL 10.00 mL 0.05 N 0.05 N
2 10.0 mL 10.00 mL 0.05 N 0.05 N
3 9.90 mL 10.00 mL 0.05 N 0.05 N
Tb 9.87 mL 10.00 mL 0.05 N 0.05 N

2. Th nghim II
Ly 10mL dung dch Fe
2+
vo bnh tam gic, thm 7mL dung dich
hn hp hai acid H
2
SO
4
v H
3
PO
4
, dng KMnO
4
va nh phn
trn chun lng Fe
2+
c trong dung dch, thc hin nh
phn cho n khi dung dich c mu hng v khng mt mu trong
khong 30giy th ngng li, ghi th tch KMnO
4
dng.
Ln Th tch KMnO
4

1 9.8 mL
2 9.9 mL
3 9.9 mL
Phng trnh chun :
O H
Mn Fe
H MnO
Fe
4
5
8
5
2 3
2
4
2
+ +
+
+ +
+ +

+

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Fe
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =

Trng hp chun trc tip ta c chun ca Fe
2+
l
) / (
4 4
L g
V
D V C
V
D V C
V
a
T
Fe
Fe KMnO KMnO
Fe
Fe Fe Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe

=
= =

Trang : 19
Ta c bng s liu sau:
Stt
Th tch
st (II)
Th tch
KMnO
4

Nng
KMnO
4

Nng
St (II)
chun
1 0.0100 L 0.0098 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.74 g/L
2 0.0100 L 0.0099 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.77 g/L
3 0.0100 L 0.0099 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.77 g/L
Tb 0.0100 L 0.0099 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.76 g/L

V. Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp.
1. Ti sao khng th pha dung dch KMnO
4
c nng nh trc theo lng
cn chnh xc ?
Tr li : Trong dung dch, v trong iu kin c cc cht kh khc,
KMnO
4
d dng tc dng v to thnh hp cht khc, trong nc, di tc dng
ca khuy o v chiu sng, KMnO
4
cng d dng b phn hu thnh cht khc,
do o ta khng th pha dung dch KMnO
4
c nng xc nh bng mt lng
cn chnh xc c.
2. Gii thch cc iu kin th nghim : thm H
2
SO
4
, un nng dung dch, tc
thm thuc th vo dung dch ban u phi rt chm?
Gii thch :
Thm H
2
SO
4
: trong cc phn ng ca KMnO
4
, nu trong iu
kin c mi trng pH cng nh, tnh Oxi ho ca n cng mnh, d
cn thm H
2
SO
4
to mi trng cho phn ng nhanh v mnh hn. Bn
cnh , H
2
SO
4
cn ng vai tr l mt trong s cc cht tham gia phn
ng.
un nng dung dch: iu kin thng, khng c xc tc, khi
tip xc vi nhit , dung dch KMnO
4
cng d dng b phn hu. Nh
vy khi ta un nng thi lam tng kh nng phn ng ca n, ngha l lm
tng tc phn ng trnh mt thi gian di v lm nh hng n
nng ca dung dch khi tip xc lu vi nh sng.
Tc thm thuc th ban u rt chm sau mi tng tc
ln l v : cc phn ng ca KMnO
4
thng cn c Mn
2+
lm xc tc
cho phn ng din ra nhanh hn. Do vy lc u ta thm tht chm cho
phn ng din ra t t v lc ny phn ng din ra rt chm v cng l thi
gian to c mt lng Mn
2+
lm xc tc cho phn ng ri mi tng
tc chun dung dch.
3. Ti sao khi nh phn, lu mu ca KMnO
4
li bin mt ?
Gii thch:
Trong iu kin thng : KMnO
4
trong dung dch d dng b phn
hu di tc dng ca nh sng v nhit. c bit trong iu kin c H
+

lm xc tc th qu trnh li din ra cc mnh lit hn nn khi chun
nu ta lu thi mu ca dung dch b bin mt do KMnO
4
b phn hy

Trang : 20
4. Ly 0.2g mu qung cha MnO
2
, ch ha bng H
2
C
2
O
4
d v H
2
SO
4
. Th tch
dung dch H
2
C
2
O
4
ly l 25mL v chun lng H
2
C
2
O
4
d cn
20.0mL dung dch KMnO
4
0.02N. Bit rng 25.0mL dung dch H
2
C
2
O
4
tc
dng va ht vi 45.0mL KMnO
4
0.02N. Tnh phn trm Mn trong qung?
Gii :
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
O
H
CO SO Mn SO H O C H MnO
2 2
2 2
4 4 2 4 2 2 2
+ +
+ +
O
H
CO SO Mn SO K
SO H O C H KMnO
8 10
2
3 5 2
2 2
4 4 2
4 2 4 2 2 4
+ +
+
+ +

Lng acid H
2
C
2
O
4
tc dng vi MnO
2
l :
Th tch (mL) KMnO
4
H
2
C
2
O
4
H
2
C
2
O
4
tc dng vi MnO
2

Trc khi phn ng 45 25 0
Sau khi phn ng 20 x 25 - x =y
Vy
mL x y
mL x
9 . 13 25
1 . 11
45
25 20
= =
=
=

Nng ca H
2
C
2
O
4
l :
Trang : 21
N
CN
036 . 0
25
45 020 . 0
=
=
S mol ca H
2
C
2
O
4
tc dng vi MnO
2
v s mol MnO
2
l :
mol
mol
n n
V C
V C n
O C H MnO
N
M O C H
25 . 0
25 . 0
2
9 . 13 036 . 0
2
4 2 2 2
4 2 2
= =
=
= =

Phn trm ca Mn

trong qung l :
=

=
= =

m
M
n M m
quang
MnO
Mn
m
M
Mn
100
%
2
?

Trang : 22
Bi 4:
PHNG PHP XY HA KH - PHP O I CRMT, IT

I. Mc ch.
nh phn nng ca St (II), Na
2
S
2
O
3
v ng (II) trong dung dch.
Thc tp s dng thnh tho phng php chun oxy ha kh trong php
o icromat v Iot.
Pha 500mL dung dch Na
2
S
2
O
3
0.05N, tnh lng cn Na
2
S
2
O
3
.10H
2
O cn
dng ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL Na
2
S
2
O
3
0.05N :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
2045 . 6
1000
500 18 . 248 05 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=

Pha 500mL dung dch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
0.05N, tnh lng cn K
2
Cr
2
O
7
cn dng ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL K
2
Cr
2
O
7
0.05N :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
2258 . 1
1000
500 032 . 49 05 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=

Pha 250mL dung dch KI 5%, tnh lng cn KI ?
Gii:
Xt trng hp khi lng ring ca dung dch l d =1g/mL ta c V =m
g
m P
a
m
a
P
5 . 12
100
250 5
100
%
100
%
~
= =

Pha 250mL dung d ch H2SO4 2N,4N tnh th tch H2SO4 98% (d =
1.84g/mL) cn dng?
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% l :
N
D
P d
CN
8 . 36
49
98 84 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch H
2
SO
4
2
SO
4
2N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
587 . 13
8 . 36
250 2
0
0 0 0
~
= =

Th tch H
2
SO
4
2
SO
4
4N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
174 . 27
8 . 36
250 4
0
0 0 0
~
= = =

Pha 100mL dung dch H tinh bt 0.5%, tnh lng cn H tinh bt cn dng?
Gii:
g
m P
a
m
a
P
5 . 0
100
100 5 . 0
100
%
100
%
~
= =
Trang : 23
Pha 250mL dung dch H
3
PO
4
4N tnh th tch H
3
PO
4
85% (d =1.7g/mL) cn
dng?
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch H
3
PO
4
85% l :
N
D
P d
CN
234 . 44
49
85 7 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch H
3
PO
4
3
PO
4
4N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
61 . 22
234 . 44
250 4
0
0 0 0
~
= =

Pha 100mL dung dch HCl theo t l 1:2 cn dng 33.33mL dung dch HCl
nguyn cht

Pha 250mL dung dch CH
3
COOH 4N tnh th tch CH
3
COOH 99.5% (d =
1.05g/mL) cn dng?
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 99.5% l :
N
D
P d
CN
4125 . 17
60
5 . 99 05 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch CH
3
COOH 99.5% cn dng pha 250mL CH
3
COOH 4N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
43 . 57
4125 . 17
250 4
0
0 0 0
~
= =

Pha 50mL Diphenylamin 1% (d =1.84g/mL), tnh lng cn ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g
V d P m P
a
m
a
P
92 . 0
100
84 . 1 50 1
100
%
100
%
100
%
~

=

=
= =

Pha 250mL KSCN 10% (d =1g/mL), tnh lng cn ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g
V d P m P
a
m
a
P
25
100
1 250 10
100
%
100
%
100
%
~

=

=
= =

1. Th nghim I : xc nh nng St (II)
Ly 10mL dung dch Fe
2+
cn xc nh vo bnh tam gic 250mL,
thm 1mL H
3
PO
4
4N v thm thm 5mL HCl 1:2 v 2~3 git cht
ch th Diphenylamin. T Buret nh tng git K
2
Cr
2
O
7
c nng
0.05N, lc ti khi dung dch c mu xanh tm th dng li: ghi th
tch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
dng ta c:
Stt Th tch dng (mL)
1 10.0
2 9.9
3 9.8
Trang : 24
Phng trnh chun :
O H
Cr Fe
H O
Cr Fe
7
6
14
6
3 3
2
2
2
7
2
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Fe
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Trng hp chun trc tip ta c chun ca Fe
2+
l
) / (
4 4
L g
V
D V C
V
D V C
V
a
T
Fe
Fe KMnO KMnO
Fe
Fe Fe Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe

=
= =

Ta c bng s liu sau:
Stt Th tch st (II) Th tch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Nng K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Nng St (II) chun
1 0.0100 L 0.0100 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.80 g/L
2 0.0100 L 0.0099 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.77 g/L
3 0.0100 L 0.0098 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.74 g/L
Tb 0.0100 L 0.0099 L 0.05 N 0.05 N 2.77 g/L

2. Th nghim II : Xc nh nng Na
2
S
2
O
3

Ly 10mL dung dch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
c nng 0.05N vo bnh nn
100mL, thm 5mL H
2
SO
4
4N +10mL dung dch KI 5%, lc nh,
y bnh nn bng knh ng h, yn trong bng ti 10pht. T
Buret nh tng git Na
2
S
2
O
3
v lc u cho ti khi dung dch c
mu vang lc, thm 1mL dung dch H tinh bt 1%, tip tc nh
tng git Na
2
S
2
O
3
ti khi mt mu xanh tm, ghi li th tch
Na
2
S
2
O
3
dng ta c:
stt Th tch dng
1 13.4
2 13.2
3 13.3
Phng trnh phn ng:
O S
I
O
S
I
O H
Cr
I H O
Cr I

+
+
+ + +
+
2
6 4
2 3
2
3
3
3 2
2
7
3
2
7
2
3 14
9
2

Cng hai phng trnh trn ta c:
O H
Cr O S
H O
Cr
O
S
7
2 3
14
6
3 2
6 4 2
2
7
2
2
3
2
+ + +
+
+

+

Nng Na2S2O3
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Trang : 25
Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
Na
2
S
2
O
3

Th tch
K
2
Cr
2
O
7

Nng
K
2
Cr
2
O
7

Nng
Na
2
S
2
O
3

1 13.40 mL 10.00 mL 0.050 N 0.037 N
2 13.20 mL 10.00 mL 0.050 N 0.038 N
3 13.30 mL 10.00 mL 0.050 N 0.038 N
Tb 13.30 mL 10.00 mL 0.050 N 0.038 N

3. Th nghim III : Xc nh nng Cu
2+

Dng Pipet ly ng 10mL dung dch Cu
2+
cn xc nh vo bnh
nn 250mL. thm 2.5mL dung dch CH
3
COOH 4N v 2.5mL dung
dch KI 5% lc nh. y bnh nn bng knh ng h v yn
bng ti 10pht. T Buret nh tng git Na
2
S
2
O
3
, lc u ti khi
dung dc c mu vng rm, cho thm 0.5mL dung dch H tinh bt
v tip tc nh tng git dung dch Na
2
S
2
O
3
xung ti khi dung
dch mt mu xanh tm, thm 2.5mL dung dch KSCN 10% lc k,
chun n mt mu xanh hon ton. Ghi li th tch Na
2
S
2
O
3

dng ta c.
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1 7.1
2 7.3
3 7.2
Phng trnh chun :
O S I O S
I
I
CuI
I
Cu

+ +
+
+
+

+
2
6 4
2
3 2 3
2
5
2
3
3
2

Cng hai phng trnh li ta c :
O S
CuI
I O S
Cu

+
+
+
+
+
2
6 4
2
3 2
2
2
2
2

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cu
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Trng hp chun trc tip ta c chun ca Cu
2+
l
) / (
Na2S2O3 Na2S2O3
L g
V
D V C
V
D V C
V
a
T
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu Cu Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu

=
= =

Ta c bng s liu sau:
Stt
Th tch
ng (II)
Th tch
Na
2
S
2
O
3

Nng
Na
2
S
2
O
3

Nng
ng (II) chun
1 0.0100 L 0.0071 L 0.038 N 0.027 N 1.73 g/L
2 0.0100 L 0.0073 L 0.038 N 0.027 N 1.78 g/L
3 0.0100 L 0.0072 L 0.038 N 0.028 N 1.75 g/L
Tb 0.0100 L 0.0072 L 0.038 N 0.027 N 1.75 g/L

Trang : 26
Bi 5:
PHNG PHP COMPLEXON
I. Mc ch.
S dng phng php complexon chun cc cht da trn phn ng to
phc ca n vi cc ion to nn cc phc cht trong dung dch.
Thc hin chun mt s ion kim loi c ha tr II thng dng nh : Zn
2+
,
Pb
2+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Cu
2+
.
Pha 500mL dung dch m NH
4
Cl NH
4
OH pH 10 theo t l: 1 lt dung dch
m cn 570mL NH
4
OH (d=0.9g/mL) v 70g NH
4
Cl tnh lng cn dng?
Gii:
Th tch ca NH
4
OH v khi lng NH
4
Cl cn dng l :
Ta c 1000mL dung dch cn 570mL NH
4
OH v 70g NH
4
Cl
Ta c 500mL dung dch cn VmL NH
4
OH v Xg NH
4
Cl
mL
V
285
1000
500 570
~
=
g
X
35
1000
70 500
0
~
=
Pha 1000mL dung dch EDTA 0.05N t mui Na
2
H
2
Y.2H
2
O (M =
372.242g/mol), tnh lng cn cn thit?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 1000mL EDTA 0.05N :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
31 . 9
1000
1000 121 . 186 05 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=
Trn 10g hn hp ch th Murexit 10% dng rn trong NaCl, tnh lng cn
Murexit v mui NaCl?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g a m
g
m P
a
m
a
a
P
NaCl
9 1 10
1
100
10 10
100
%
100
%
= = =
~
= =

Trn 10g hn hp ch th Eriocrom T-en 1% dng rn trong NaCl, tnh
lng cn ca thnh phn?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g a m
g
m P
a
m
a
a
P
NaCl
9 . 9 1 . 0 10
1 . 0
100
10 1
100
%
100
%
= = =
~
= =

Pha 100mL dung dch NH
4
Cl 1M bng tinh th NH
4
Cl, tnh lng cn?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 100mL NH
4
Cl 1M :
g
V M
a
M
a
C
C
M
M
35 . 5
1000
100 5 . 53 1
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=
Trang : 27
1. Th nghim I : Xc nh nng Mg
2+

Ly 10mL dung dch Mg
2+
cho vo bnh nn, thm 1.5mL dung dch m
NH
4
Cl-NH
4
OH, thm vi git ch th Eriocrom T-en (khong 1 ht u),
lc dung dch c mu nho. Thc hin chun bng dung dch EDTA
0.05N cho ti khi dung dch chuyn mu xanh bic. Ghi th tch EDTA
dng:
1 10.1
2 10.2
3 10.0
Phng trnh chun :
H HInd
MgY Y
H
MgInd
H
MgInd
HInd
Mg
+

+
+
+ + +
+ +
2
2 2
2
2
2

Thc hin cng gp hai phng trnh ta c:
H
MgY Y
H
Mg
2
2 2 2
2
+
+
+ +
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Mg
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
Mg
2+

Th tch
EDTA
Nng
EDTA
Nng

Mg
2+

1 10.00 mL 10.10 mL 0.050 N 0.051 N
2 10.00 mL 10.20 mL 0.050 N 0.051 N
3 10.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.050 N 0.050 N
Tb 10.00 mL 10.10 mL 0.050 N 0.051 N

2. Th nghim II : Xc nh nng Zn
2+
(ch th Eriocrom T-en)
Lm tng t th nghim I nhng thay dung dch cn c nh phn bng
dung dch Zn
2+

Th tch EDTA dng :
1 9.9
2 9.8
3 9.9
Phng trnh chun :
H HInd ZnY
Y
H ZnInd
H ZnInd HInd Zn
+
+ +
+ + +
+ +
2 2
2
2 2
2

Trang : 28
H ZnY
Y
H Zn 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
+ +
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Zn
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
Zn
2+

Th tch
EDTA
Nng
EDTA
Nng
Zn
2+

1 10.00 mL 9.90 mL 0.050 N 0.050 N
2 10.00 mL 9.80 mL 0.050 N 0.049 N
3 10.00 mL 9.90 mL 0.050 N 0.050 N
Tb 10.00 mL 9.87 mL 0.050 N 0.049 N

3. Th nghim III : Xc nh nng ca Pb
2+
( ch th Eriocrom T-en)
Trng hp 1 : chun ngc
Ly 10mL dung dch Pb
2+
, thm chnh xc 15mL dung dch EDTA 0.05N.
Lc u, thm 5mL hn hp m NH
4
Cl-NH
4
OH, mt ht u cht ch th
Eriocrom T-en. T Buret nh tng git dung dch Zn2+ c nng va
xc nh trn cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu xanh bic n mu
nho. Ghi th tch Zn
2+
dng ta c :
1 4.9
2 5.1
3 5.0
Phng trnh chun :
H PbY
Y
H Pb 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
H ZnY Zn
Y H
2
2 2
2
2

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cl
-
l :
V
V C V C
C V C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
R R
R R
' '
' '

= = +

Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
dung dch
Pb
2+

Th tch
dung dch
EDTA
Nng
dung dch
EDTA
Th tch
dung dch
Zn
2+
Nng
dung dch
Zn
2+

Nng
dung dch
Pb
2+

1 10.00 mL 15.00 mL 0.0500 N 4.90 mL 0.0490 N 0.0510 N
2 10.00 mL 15.00 mL 0.0500 N 5.10 mL 0.0490 N 0.0500 N
3 10.00 mL 15.00 mL 0.0500 N 5.00 mL 0.0490 N 0.0505 N
Tb 10.00 mL 15.00 mL 0.0500 N 5.00 mL 0.0490 N 0.0505 N

Trang : 29
Trng hp 2 : chun thay th
Ly 10ml dung dch Zn
2+
tin hnh chun nh th nghim I ta c dung
dch Complexonat Zn. Sau cho thm 10mL dung dch Pb
2+
vo bnh nn
ng Complexonat Zn (ZnY
2-
), t Buret nh tng git dung dch EDTA
xung v chun cho ti khi dung dch chuyn t mu nho sang mu
xanh bic th dng li. Ghi th tch EDTA dng:
Th tch EDTA Nc 1 Nc 2
Ln 1 9.9 19.9
Ln 2 9.8 19.8
Ln 3 9.9 19.9
Phng trnh chun :
Khi cho ch th vo dung dch Km:
H ZnInd HInd Zn
+ +
+ +
2 2

Khi cho EDTA vo hn hp:
H HInd ZnY
Y
H ZnInd
+
+ + +
2 2
2
2

H ZnY
Y
H Zn 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
+ +
Khi cho thm Pb
2+
vo:
Zn PbY ZnY Pb
+ +
+ +
2 2 2 2

H ZnInd HInd Zn
+ +
+ +
2 2

Tip tc cho thm EDTA vo hn hp ta c:
H
HInd ZnY
Y
H ZnInd
+

+ + +
2 2 2 ..
...
2

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Pb
2+
l :
( )
V
C V V
C
X
R
X

=
1 2

Ta c bng s liu sau:
stt Th tch
V
1
- EDTA

Th tch
V
2
- EDTA
Th tch
Pb
2+

Nng
EDTA
Nng
Pb
2+

1 9.90 mL 19.90 mL 10 mL 0.05 N 0.0500 N
2 9.80 mL 19.90 mL 10 mL 0.05 N 0.0505 N
3 9.90 mL 19.80 mL 10 mL 0.05 N 0.0495 N
Tb 9.87 mL 19.87 mL 10 mL 0.05 N 0.0500 N

4. Th nghim IV : xc nh nng Ca
2+

Ly 10mL dung dch Ca
2+
cn nh phn vo bnh nn 250mL, pha long
gp i th tch bng nc ct, thm 0.5mL NaOH 1N v 1ht u ch th
Murexid trong NaCl 1%, dung dch c mu . T Buret nh tng git dung
dch EDTA c nng 0.05N v thc hin chun cho ti khi dung dch
chuyn t mu sang tm hoa c. Ghi th tch dung dch EDTA dng:
Trang : 30

1 9.6
2 9.6
3 9.7
Phng trnh chun :
Ind
H
CaY
Y
H Ind
CaH
H Ind
CaH Ind
H
Ca

+
+ +
+ +
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2

H CaY
Y
H Ca 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
+ +
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Ca
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
Ca
2+

Th tch
EDTA
Nng
EDTA
Nng
Ca
2+

1 10.00 mL 9.60 mL 0.050 N 0.048 N
2 10.00 mL 9.60 mL 0.050 N 0.048 N
3 10.00 mL 9.70 mL 0.050 N 0.049 N
Tb 10.00 mL 9.63 mL 0.050 N 0.048 N

5. Th nghim V : Xc nh nng Cu
2+

Ly 10mL dung dch Cu
2+
cn xc nh vo bnh nn 250mL, thm 1mL
dung dch NH
4
Cl 1M +mt ht u ch th Murexid. Thm t t tng git
dung dch NH
4
OH 1M cho n khi dung dch xut hin mu vng. Thc
hin chun bng dung dch EDTA n khi dung dch chuyn t mu
vng sang mu tm hng. Ghi kt qu EDTA dng:
1 9.9
2 9.8
3 9.7
Phng trnh chun :
Ind H
CuY
Y
H
Ind
CuH
H Ind
CuH Ind
H
Cu
+
+
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2

H CuY
Y
H Cu 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
+ +
Trang : 31
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cu
2+
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
Cu
2+

Th tch
EDTA
Nng
EDTA
Nng
Cu
2+

1 10.00 mL 9.90 mL 0.050 N 0.050 N
2 10.00 mL 9.80 mL 0.050 N 0.049 N
3 10.00 mL 9.70 mL 0.050 N 0.049 N
Tb 10.00 mL 9.80 mL 0.050 N 0.049 N

Trang : 32
Bi 6:
PHNG PHP CHUN KT TA
I. Mc ch.
Thc tp xc nh nng ca Cl trong nc mu, kim nghim li tinh
khit ca nc ct trong phng th nghim bng cch kim tra nng Cl c
trong nc.
Pha 500mL dung dch AgNO
3
0.01M (M=169.873g/mol) tnh lng cn ca
mui?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 100mL AgNO
3
0.01N
g
V M
a
M
a
C
C
M
M
849 . 0
1000
500 873 . 169 01 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=

Pha 100mL dung dch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
5% tnh lng cn mui cn pha vi nc?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g
m P
a
m
a
P
5
100
100 5
100
%
100
%
~
= =

Pha 250mL dung dch NaHCO
3
5% tnh lng cn mui cn pha vi nc?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g
m P
a
m
a
P
25 . 1
100
250 5
100
%
100
%
~
= =

Pha 100mL dung dch fluorescein 0.5% tnh lng cn mui cn pha vi trong
ru?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
g
m P
a
m
a
P
5 . 0
100
100 5 . 0
100
%
100
%
~
= =

Pha 250mL dung dch HNO
3
6N, tnh th tch HNO
3
65% (d =1.4g/mL) cn
dng?
Gii:
Nng C
N
ca dung dch HNO
3
65% l :
N
D
P d
CN
508 . 16
63
65 4 . 1 10 % 10
~

=

=
Th tch HNO
3
65% cn dng pha 250mL HNO
3
6N l :
mL
C
V C
V V C V C
865 . 90
508 . 16
250 6
0
0 0 0
~
= =
Trang : 33
Pha 500mL dung dch KSCN 0.01N t tinh th KSCN (M=97.184g/mol) tnh
lng cn cn dng?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL KSCN 0.01N :
g
V D
a
D
a
C
C
N
N
486 . 0
1000
500 184 , 97 01 . 0
1000
1000
V
~

=

=
=
Pha 100mL phn St (III) clorua bo ho
Cho mt lng d phn st (III) clorua vo cc 250mL, cho thm vo
khong 100mL khuy cho n khi phn st (III) khng cn tan c na, xp
giy lc hnh cnh qut v lc trn phu thy tinh, ly va 100mL.
1. Th nghim I : Phng php Mohr
Ly 5ml mu nc cho vo bnh tam gic thm 10mL dung dch NaHCO
3

v khong 2mL dung dch K
2
CrO
4
5%, t Buret nh t t dung dch AgNO
3

0.01M, lc mnh, gn ti im tng ng, dung dch tr nn trong hn,
xut hin kt ta AgCl. Lc thm cc k chm tng git AgNO
3
, lc
mnh cho ti khi xut hin kt ta mu gch th ngng li. Ghi th tch
dng:
Thc hin lm tng t vi nc ct trong phng th nghim:
Th tch AgNO
3
dng khi chun : Nc mu Nc ct
Ln 1 1.5 0.9
Ln 2 1.4 0.8
Ln 3 1.6 0.7

Phng trnh chun :
+ +

+
AgCl
Cl
Ag

+ +
+
CrO
Ag
CrO
Ag
4
2
2
4

-
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
TRNG HP 1 : VI NC MU
STT
Th tch
mu nc
Th tch
AgNO
3

Nng
AgNO
3

Nng
Cl
-

1 5.00 mL 1.50 mL 0.0100 M 0.0030 M
2 5.00 mL 1.40 mL 0.0100 M 0.0028 M
3 5.00 mL 1.60 mL 0.0100 M 0.0032 M
Tb 5.00 mL 1.50 mL 0.0100 M 0.0030 M

Trang : 34
TRNG HP 1 : VI NC CT PHNG TH NGHIM
STT
Th tch
mu nc
Th tch
AgNO
3

Nng
AgNO
3

Nng
Cl
-

1 5.00 mL 0.90 mL 0.0100 M 0.0018 M
2 5.00 mL 0.80 mL 0.0100 M 0.0016 M
3 5.00 mL 0.70 mL 0.0100 M 0.0014 M
Tb 5.00 mL 0.80 mL 0.0100 M 0.0016 M

2. Th nghim II : Phng Php Fajans
Ly 5ml mu nc cho vo bnh tam gic thm 5mL dung dch NaHCO
3
v
khong 5git ch th Fluorescein 5%, t Buret nh t t dung dch AgNO
3

0.01M, lc mnh cho ti khi xut hin mu hng th ngng li. Ghi th tch
dng:
Thc hin lm tng t vi nc ct trong phng th nghim:
Th tch AgNO
3
dng khi chun : Nc mu Nc ct
Ln 1 2.8 1.6
Ln 2 2.6 1.7
Ln 3 2.7 1.5
Phng trnh chun :
+ +

+
AgCl
Cl
Ag

( ) ( )
NO
Fl
Ag AgCL
Fl
NO
Ag AgCL
X X X X
X
X m
X
X m
+
+
+
(
3 3

-
l :
V
V C
C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
= =
Ta c bng s liu sau:
TRNG HP 1 : VI NC MU
STT
Th tch
mu nc
Th tch
AgNO
3

Nng
AgNO
3

Nng
Cl
-

1 5.00 mL 2.80 mL 0.0100 M 0.0056 M
2 5.00 mL 2.60 mL 0.0100 M 0.0052 M
3 5.00 mL 2.70 mL 0.0100 M 0.0054 M
Tb 5.00 mL 2.70 mL 0.0100 M 0.0054 M
TRNG HP 1 : VI NC CT PHNG TH NGHIM
STT
Th tch
mu nc
Th tch
AgNO
3

Nng
AgNO
3

Nng
Cl
-

1 5.00 mL 1.60 mL 0.0100 M 0.0032 M
2 5.00 mL 1.70 mL 0.0100 M 0.0034 M
3 5.00 mL 1.50 mL 0.0100 M 0.0030 M
Tb 5.00 mL 1.60 mL 0.0100 M 0.0032 M

Trang : 35
3. Th nghim III : Phng Php Volhard (xc nh Br
-
)
Ly 5mL dung dch cha Br
-
cn nh phn cho vo bnh tam gic, thm
2mL dung dch HNO
3
6N thm chnh xc 5mL dung dch AgNO
3
0.01M ti
khi dung dch khng cn kh nng kt ta thm c na th thm 5mL
dung dch AgNO
3
na, 10git ch th Phn St III bo ha. T Buret nh
tng git SCN
-
0.01N cho n khi dung dch i mu, ghi th tch SCN
-

dng :
1 5.3
2 5.2
3 5.1
Phng trnh chun :
+ +

+
AgCl
Cl
Ag

+
+
+
AgSCN
SCN
Ag

( )
+
+
+
2
3
SCN Fe
SCN
Fe

-
l :
V
V C V C
C V C V C V C
X
R R
X R R X X
R R
R R
' '
' '

= = +

Ta c bng s liu sau:
STT
Th tch
dung dch
Br
-

Th tch
dung dch
AgNO
3

Nng
dung dch
AgNO
3

Th tch
dung dch
SCN
-

Nng
dung dch
SCN
-

Nng
dung dch
Br
-

1 5.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.0100 M 5.30 mL 0.0100 M 0.0094 M
2 5.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.0100 M 5.20 mL 0.0100 M 0.0096 M
3 5.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.0100 M 5.10 mL 0.0100 M 0.0098 M
Tb 5.00 mL 10.00 mL 0.0100 M 5.20 mL 0.0100 M 0.0096 M

Bao Cao Thuc Tap Hoa Phan Tich 1986 7201

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