GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET QUESTIONSHEET 1 4
(a) (a) (b) (b) (c) (c) (d) (d) (i) (i) (ii) 5 correct plots;;; (-1 mark each incorrect plot) water is boiled to remove oxygen; water is cooled to prevent damage to yeast, 1600/4; = 400 kJ; (i mark for correct working if answer incorrect) carbon dioxide; the more vigorous the activity the more energy used; milky/cloudy; in the lungs/alveoli; 1 of: same concentration of sugar; playing tennis;of yeast; same amount same volume of limewater; 30oC; 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 TOTAL 8 1

(ii)

QUESTIONSHEET 2 (iii) yeast respires more rapidly; and produces more carbon dioxide/produces carbon dioxide more (a) in body cells; quickly;
(b) 1 - glucose/oxygen; 2- oxygen/glucose; 3 - carbon dioxide/water; QUESTIONSHEET 5 4 - water/carbon dioxide; (a) (c) (d) (i) lungs; breathed out by lungs; (ii) trachea/windpipe; to contract/cause movement; (iii) (iv) bronchus; diaphragm; TOTAL 10

2 1

4 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 7 1

QUESTIONSHEET (b) volume3 inside bell jar increases; pressure inside bell jar falls; (a) A - is trachea/windpipe; air drawn into glass tube A causing balloons to inflate; B - rib; C - intercostal/rib muscles; D - lung; E - diaphragm; QUESTIONSHEET 6 (b) (i) D;
(a) (i) (ii) (ii) (iii) (b) (c) (c) (d) (d) (ii) (i) 140; A; It decreases to 100; E; It decreases to 44; heart; 10 years; some oxygen used by body; for respiration/absorbed by blood; Death rate drops very quickly;

TOTAL 7

5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

provided they dont start again they have a much better chance of carbon dioxide is produced in respiration; living; and exhaled by lungs;

TOTAL 6 2 TOTAL 13

GCSE BIOLOGY QUESTIONSHEET 7

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

1. Inhaled air contains approximately 20% oxygen.

2. When we breathe in the diaphragm relaxes. 3. When we breathe in the volume of the lungs increase. 4. Exhaled air contains approximately 5% oxygen. 5. The air we breathe out contains more carbon dioxide than the air we breathe in. 6. When we exercise vigorously, the volume of each breath increases. 7. The air we breathe out contains the same amount of nitrogen as the air we breathe in. 8. Exhaled air contains approximately 10% carbon dioxide. 9. Gases enter and leave the blood through the walls of the bronchioles. 10.When we breathe in the intercostal muscles relax.

TOTAL 5

QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a) 21 + 19 + 20 + 19 + 21; = 20 breaths per minute; 5 As speed of walking increases, rate of breathing increases; From 2 km per hour to 4 km per hour; 5 x 100; 15 = 33%; 2

(b) (c) (d)

1 1

TOTAL 6

GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 9
(a) (b) (i) E; 14 + 15 + 12 + 14 + 16; (correct graph readings) 71; = 14.2 breaths per minute; 5 24 + 26 + 18 + 22 + 25; (correct graph readings) 115; = 23 breaths per minute; 6 x 100; 12 = 50%; Lowest resting breathing rate; smallest increase during exercise; Exercise requires more energy; more oxygen needed to release energy; increased breathing rate supplies more oxygen; increased carbon dioxide production stimulates breathing; TOTAL 15 1

(ii)

(c)

(d)

(e)

QUESTIONSHEET 10
(a) Suitable scales; axes labelled; (CO2 concentration must be on y axis) correct plots; join points with straight line; increases; by 4 breaths per minute; 1.1 x 18; = 19.8 dm3 per minute; TOTAL 8

(b)

(c)

GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 11
(a) (b) (i) Breathing rate increases with exercise; 18 x 0.5; = 9 dm3; 28 x 2; = 56 dm3; 22 x 1.4 = 30.8 dm3; 30.8 x 20; 100 = 6.16 dm3; 1

(ii)

(c)

TOTAL 8

QUESTIONSHEET 12
(a) (b) (c) (d) 500 cm3; 1100cm3; Volume of each breath increases as carbon dioxide concentration increases; Increase/get faster/more breaths per minute; 1 1 1 1

TOTAL 5

GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 13
(a) X - bronchi; Y - bronchiole; alveoli; 3 of: large surface area; moist surfaces (for gas exchange); well supplied with blood vessels; thin-walled air sacs/alveoli; intercostal muscles contact; moving ribs up and outwards; diaphragm contacts and moves downwards; volume of thorax is increased; pressure in thorax is reduced; air is drawn in to equalise pressure;

2 1

(b) (c)

(d)

TOTAL 12

QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 22 mg/100 cm3 of blood; 68 mg; 45 minutes; anaerobic respiration; extra oxygen is needed; to remove the lactic acid from the blood; 1 1 1 1

TOTAL 6

GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 15
(a) (i) (ii) (b) (i) (ii) 0.5 dm3 per minute; 3.9 dm3 per minute; increases; more energy used when walking faster; more oxygen needed to enable faster respiration; Each minute, 3 litres of oxygen are required The body uses 20% of the oxygen taken in, So oxygen taken in = 5 amount used = 15 litres a minute As air is 20% oxygen, volume of air taken in = 5 oxygen taken in = 75 litres a minute Each breath is 3 litres. So number of breaths = 75 3 = 25 TOTAL 10 1 1 1

(c)

2 2 1

QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a) (i) (ii) towards test tube; snails take in oxygen from air in tube; volume of air in tube decreases; air is drawn towards tube; pulling oil drop towards tube; water (vapour); snails respire more rapidly; use up more oxygen; oxygen removed from tube more rapidly; 1

4 1

(b) (c)

TOTAL 9

GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a) (i) (ii) (b) (c) (d) (i) 80 beats per minute; 14 beats per minute; 115 beats per minute; 19 breaths per minute; 60; 80 = 0.75 seconds; 60; 135 = 0.44 seconds; 4 minutes 1 1 1 1

(ii)

2 1

(e)

TOTAL 9

QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a) (i) both use sugar; both produce energy; in man lactic acid produced/in yeast alcohol produced; in yeast carbon dioxide produced; release of energy; without oxygen; during vigorous exercise; 35oC; optimum temperature for yeast enzymes; therefore respiration most rapid at this temperature; enzymes in yeast denatured/destroyed at this temperature;

(ii)

(b)

(i)

2 1 1

(ii) (c) (i) (ii)

2 1

(d)

TOTAL 11

GCSE BIOLOGY

BREATHING & RESPIRATION ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a) (i) (ii) (b) (c) 36.3; 41.6; 54.4; Decreased; from 48.2 to 39.3; Female non-smokers; Decreased between 1978 and 1988 by 2.7%; Increased between 1988 and 1998 By 8.0%; Most women now work to earn money and so can afford cigarettes/ peer pressure in young women/increased stress of modern life/any other valid reason; TOTAL 9 1 1 1

2 1

(d) (e)

(f)

QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a) A - red blood cell; B - white blood cell; C - alveolus; D - film of moisture; capillary; (i) (ii) (d) (e) (f) carbon dioxide; oxygen; diffusion; movement of air into and out of alveolus; combines with haemoglobin/forms oxyhaemoglobin; in red blood cells; epithelial cells lining trachea have layer of mucus; which traps dust particles and bacteria; cilia move mucus with trapped particles and bacteria to back of throat/out of lungs; 1 1 1 1

(b) (c)

(g)

TOTAL 14