Planning Steps First, identify and establish the goals and objectives of the program.

Then, list all learning activities and also list all machines and equipments needed. After that, list of all learning materials and determine the dimensions of the main space, storage, doors and windows. Estimate the total area of the workshop and divide by the number of the students (to get the area per student). Provide a floor plan of the workshop. Determine the border between areas of learning activities. Adjust the position of machines with the traffic lanes, safety zones, work flow, storage, wiring and piping. Determine the location of additional tools such as white boards and tools panel. Plan a color scheme for the areas specified. Determine the quantity and location of lighting. Rough sketch of the workshops to show spaces required, doors and windows. Determine the width of each area. Plan the traffic flow. Lines of sight and hearing. Plan the location of machines, tables and furniture. Output socket(single/ three phase). Lastly, quantity and location of lightning.

WORKSHOP DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1) Shape and Size of the Workshop Square: length twice the width to make it easier to organize At least there are two exit doors Width of the entrance door at least one and a half of the standard door width

2) Basic Space Required Workstations; including machines and room service (service area) Additional space; eg. for spraying and furniture assembly Traffic lanes for students, materials and equipments Storage:- 15%-20% of the main space Teaching and learning area- can be shared with other programs Staff room

3) Other Facilities (sink, toilet, drain, first aid corner ) 4) Recommended Space Area based on Program Sector(Storm, 1976) Recommended Space Area based on Program Sector(Storm, 1976) The proposed size of the space according to areas of the program (continued)

Agriculture

Traffic Flow Patterns Knowing / expect the movement patterns of teacher and students in the workshop, so that it can be adjusted with the location of tools and equipments. Wide lanes are provided for the major traffic. Students / teacher can move around easily / smoothly. The distance between the main work station and the storage room are near. The path from the danger area (eg. molten metal) to the exit door is near and not blocked. Long material as wood can be carried straight to the work place; no corner. Teacher can move straight to the danger area fast. A good design and well planned traffic flow will lead to: Shorter distance (from one station to another). Work efficient (no more wasted time). Increase security.

 Avoid unnecessary disruptions during working. Line of Sight It should not be blocked to make sure teachers can supervise students activities. Guidelines: Avoid the L shape room or separate rooms Avoid any partition, tools panel or any structure that can block the view. The tools cabinet should be on the wall

Sound Teachers can hear all the sounds from inside the workshop and detect when something is wrong. Any sound from outside the workshop should be controlled. Space Space needed around the workstations will be different based on the type of the practical / job. Factors need to be considered about work station space Workshop area Number of students for each Workstation Space Considerations Workshop space should be sufficient for the program Number of students for each station Room/space for easy and safe movement around the station Maximum size of material for each station. (E.g: plywood 4 x 8) Open spaces for student activities (e.g: laying bricks)

Factors need to be considered for storage Storage objectives: Convenient easy to get and control the equipments Size of the area suits with the current type of materials and equipments. (also for any additional materials in the future)

Meet the programs requirements Safe storage of hazardous materials. It is recommended that the flammable material should be stored in an isolated storage from the workshop. Equipment safe from being stolen, damage or misuse

Maximize storage space: Use the wall space to the maximum Use the space under the table work for big materials like sheets metal. Put the long and light materials vertically NOT horizontally Weather proof and seldom use materials can be put outside the workshop Big materials can be cut into small pieces according to the projects requirements, and keep it inside the cabinet or rack.

Workshop Surrounding Factors need to be considered Lighting temperature, ventilation and humidity Beauty and color Acoustics Uncomfortable and dark workshop; Can affect the teaching and learning effectiveness Will be linked to the workplace on the real jobs negatively Lighting Insufficient light can : Decrease the quality of work Create danger/ safety hazard Cause weariness Type of Lighting Natural

 window estimated width of window 15% 20% from the floor width Door Electric 40 watt bulb, long (twin) with reflector. At a distance of 10 -12 feet for evenly light . Round bulbs where necessary. Maintain adequate lighting; Fully functional lighting system Light switch is turned on when necessary Broken bulbs replaced Bulbs cleaned regularly. Lost about 30% -45% light because of dusty or old age.

Lighting Quantity Low Lighting (Storage, Display room) Medium Lighting (Waiting area, Conference room) Good and even lighting (classroom, Reading room, Installation process)

High Lighting (Engineering Drawing, Sewing) Very High Lighting (Installation process of fine components, Work involves the identification of colors. Refer to Regulation 29 (E) Standard of Lighting in Factories and Machinery Regulations, about the quantity of lighting). Lumen quantity of light emitted by a source. Foot-candle = lighting unit = 1 lumen (lm) per square feet (lm/ft2 ) Lux (lx) = lighting unit = lumen per square meter 1 foot-candle = 10.76 lux standard of lighting

Quality of Lighting Referring to the characteristic color of the light bulb; Cool white - classroom Warm white Dining room (enhance food color) Daylight sewing room(will show the real color) Special color for a particular purpose: Red for darkroom, ultraviolet for metal checking, spotlights for exhibition materials. Cool white - classroom Warm white Dining room (enhance food color) Daylight sewing room(will show the real color) Special color for a particular purpose: Red for darkroom, ultraviolet for metal checking, spotlights for exhibition materials.

Vision problem The brightness level is not sufficient Reflection of light that causes glare Shadows Temperature and air circulation / humidity Not too hot or cold. The temperature may increase due to activities such as welding, and cooking. Clean air without toxic gases or fumes. Produced by activities such as welding, spray paint, car engine exhaust No foul odor. Although not dangerous but it is still unpleasant

 Circulated air Humidity not too high or too low. 40 - 60% Heat vs. Thermal Environment Includes : heating, ventilation, air movement, air cooling, air cleaning, humidity control and air freshening. All of the factor could be control by a good ventilation system (fans, exhaust fans, windows , air condition..etc) Though natural control Ventilation System provide an adequate breathing zone. E.g.: for welders, height should be above 5 meters - no welding in closed area - provide windows and doors Install mechanical ventilation tools (exhaust fan, industrial fan, ceiling fan) Installing a specific tools in order to achieve certain circumstances ( air cleaner, air conditioner, humidifier, dehumidifier) Natural air control Understand the importance of purifying indoor air with plant filters. Indoor air is some of the worst air we breathe on a daily basis because it is inside that everything builds up from the off-gassing of chemicals in many of our products. [1] We are exposed to a range of indoor air contaminants daily, including, smoke, toxins, chemicals off-gassing, pesticides, detergent fumes, mold, small fibres, bacteria etc Color and Layout Exciting atmosphere can create a sense of excitement and interest in study. Furniture and equipment should be placed in an orderly and balanced layout. Add some 'decoration' such as safety posters or pictures of equipment

Color gives Identity and Visibility Additional considerations about the choice of color for walls, ceiling and floor : Reflection factor If 10 fc light hit the ceiling, and 8 is reflected, it means that the reflection is reflected by 8/10 or 80%. How about dark colored walls? - Use the contrast colors to attract the eye Acoustics Sound control related to two elements: a) Sound conditioning treatment of interior surfaces to attain the desired reverberation (the persistence of sound within the enclosure, after the source is shut of): Ceiling should have a minimum sound absorption of 75% Noise control excessive and continuous noise of 90 dB should be avoided

SUMMARY OF PLANNING Planning is a basic requirement and important input of a management process. Everyone who is pre-occupied with the responsibility of managing has to plan. Planning is a process of deciding in advance what is to be done, how, when and by whom it is to be done. The plan of action is, at one and the same time, the result envisaged, line of action to be followed the stages to go through, and methods to use -Henry Fayol. Planning in this situation is about to plan a new workshop and a lot of procedures to take care of it before completely become a new safely workshop that have all requirement that should do. There are several steps that should we know before build a workshop, indentify and establish the goals and objectives of the program. We have to know what goal before build it, to prevent useless workshop when it done. What kind of workshop that we need or want it. So, we should take a list the importance of becoming workshop to ourselves and to citizen, such as wood workshop. Then, we should take a list what kind of material and equipments that we need to that kind of workshop and to estimate how much space that we should use in working area. The workshop that we want to build should suitable the material that we use and need a lot of space and ventilation to make sure the users comfortable to use it. In this situation, we need to have

floor plan that we want to our workshop and it commonly if we have a lot of floor plan to choose the completely perfect. Planning the workshop not only just plan and organize it. There are several workshop design considerations to get a totally perfect workshop with all kind aspect that we take seriously. Workshop that we need must have a storage that use to store a material and equipment that we use or that we have done. About 15% to 20% of the main space are storage that we need. Other important facilities that we need are sink, toilet, drain and first aid corner. Lighting in work place is very important to avoid an accident happen. So, there are several calculation to lighting parts. We have to know what kind of work that we do in workshop. Types of lighting usually use for workshop such as natural lighting that we use window and door to get lighting and electrical that we usually use bulb to get lighting. With calculation, we know how much lighting that we want use to the workshop according the work space and partition that have in workshop. Ventilation of workshop also important to provide an adequate breathing zone and comfortable workshop with good ventilation that suitable to use in workshop is according to what kind of workshop it is. For example, automotive workshops that a lot of mechanical tool and can harm the users like MIG and TIG welding. The suitable ventilation tools are exhaust fan, ceiling fan, industrial fan and any kind of tools that are required to automotive workshop. Planning is very important not just to organize the workshop but whole of our life needs plan before to do it. Planning need a lot of step and should take a serious because of anything can happen if we not plan properly and it may cause harmful to who use the workshop. So, planning is the way to get good result of what are we doing.

ARTICLE OF PLANNING How to Plan Workshop Lighting

Your workshop needs proper lighting. Instructions 1. Plan out where you plan to place the tools, your workbench and other elements of your workshop. Depending on the projects you're completing, you may need extra lighting in certain places. For example, if you're using a saw to cut wood on your

workbench, you may need extra lighting over that area. This type of lighting is called task lighting. 2. Make sure the main lighting you choose is dispersed evenly throughout your workshop. You can add task lighting in places where you need it, but if you disperse the light correctly, you should only need it directly over areas where you plan to perform intricate work. 3. Use lights that are placed directly overhead. This is usually accomplished with recessed or track lighting. The light fixtures should be spaced evenly apart and spread throughout the workshop. 4. Use florescent light bulbs in your workshop. Unlike incandescent bulbs, florescent bulbs offer a soft, shadow-free light that is much easier to work by. Plus, they give off more light. 5. Choose full spectrum florescent light bulbs, also known as daylight fluorescent bulbs. Warm white and cool white florescent bulbs cast a certain colour of light. Warm white casts a red or yellow colour, while cool white casts a blue or purple colour. Daylight florescent bulbs, however, cast a neutral light, which is preferable in a workshop. This is especially important if you need to see the exact colour of finishes. Tips & Warnings Keep the windows of your workshop clean at all times to make sure you get plenty of sunlight in addition to the artificial lighting.

SUMMARY OF ARTICLE All projects completed in a workshop are going to take concentration, hard work and of course, proper lighting. Dim or poorly lit workshops can lead to frustration, eye strain, injuries and subpar projects. Whether your workshop is located in your home or you're planning a workshop for your business, you need to consider the lighting as part of the overall design scheme. This factor needs to be taken care of to make every facet clearly distinguished. Without a proper lighting system, your workshop will look dull and dark. However lighting

up doesn't mean choosing a very bright light that will create hassle to your vision, rather it implies installing a system that will match with the interior decor as well as the ambiance of the workshop. Suitable lighting can be know what kind of workshop that we have. if the works need the concentration or use the equipment like cutting wood, drill the work piece and installation, we need more lighting there to make sure our work done properly without mistake or accident happen to us. The proper lighting is very important to make sure the workers can do their job easily and fast. While we used the electrical lighting, we should know that natural light also take a part for lighting in workshop. The sunlight lighting also important to workshop when there is no electrical or blackout suddenly. So, we can use the natural light to do our work. The window and door is important to give the natural light. The housekeeping also take a part of a good lighting. With a good housekeeping, the natural lighting especially can through easily into the workshop. So, with a plan to choose the lighting for workshop, we do not have any problem to do the works and keep away from dangerous and hazardous.