Table 5.2 5.2.1 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCKS - 800 mm ABOVE GR. WITH DIA.

800 mm - RISING MAIN II 1) Design data: 1.1 Dimensions of Thrust Block: 1) Concrete cover on top 2) Length of block 3) Width of block 4) Height of block 5) GL above base of block 1.2 Pipe Parameters: 1) Angle of deviation 2) Diameter of pipe 3) Internal water pressure 4) Water Hammer pressure 5) Thickness of pipe 1.3 Soil Parameters: 1) Angle of internal friction of soil around block 2) Unit weight of soil around block 3) Angle of internal friction of strata below 4) Soil cohesion of strata 5) Bearing capacity of strata d Pi Ph t degrees m t / sqm t / sqm m 15.00 0.80 86.32 98.14 0.007 Symbol tcov L b h ht Units m m m m m 1.00 6.00 4.50 2.00 1.00

fy s co BC

degrees kg / cum degrees kg / sqm t / sqm

26.00 1800.00 30 4880 25

1.4 Concrete & Steel Parameters: 1) Grade of concrete 2) Density of concrete 3) Grade of steel 4) Unit weight of steel M20 2500 Fe 415 7850

c st

kg / cum kg / sqm

2) Forces acting on the block: A) Weight of the block a) Weight of concrete Wc = (b x h - 0.785 x (d)2 x L x c b) Weight of empty steel pipe Wst = x d x t x L x st c) Weight of water in the pipe Ww = 0.785 x (d)2 x L x w

Wc

kg

127459.2

Wst

kg

828.734

Ww

kg

3016.32 131304.25 131304.25

Total vertical load of the block B) Passive resistance by soil around the block 0.44 2 Ppass = s x (ht) x (1 + sin fy) 2 x ( 1 - sin fy) C) Thrust of force in pipe due to valve closure Fp (wh) = (Pi + Ph) x A D) Considering 'At rest pressure'

Fv

kg

0.4383 Ppass

kg / m

2304.558

Fp (wh)

kg

92731.731

Po: pressure due to soil at height ht Po = s x ht x (1 - sin ) Height of soil considered is 1 m above the base of the block Po @ ht = 0 m and Po @ ht = 1 m Fo : Force acting due to average soil pressure Fo = (Po (0m) + Po (1m) ) x ht 2 To: Radial thrust per unit length of block To = Fv x (b' - b/3) + Fo x h2 h1 where b' = b/2 Fv is in kg / m h2 = point @ which Fo acts = (ht)/3 (since triangular distribution) h1 = h/2 ... 2.25 0.33 Po (0m) Po (0m) kg / m2 kg / m2 0.00 900

Fo

kg / m

450.00

1 To kg / m 16438.03

3) To check the length For At rest condition Length = Fp(bend) / To Fp(bend) = T = thrust due to deflection in pipe ...

1.4724

But the length provided for passive pressure is more Hence the greater length is adopted for further calculations 4) Stability Checks: A) Stability against overturning (along width) Fpass_L: Passive resist force Fpass_L = Ppass x L

Fpass_L

kg

13827.35

Fp(bend): Horizontal thrust force in pipe due to bend Fp(bend) = 2 x (Pi + Ph) x A x sin (/2) Fp(bend) Fot_w: Overturning force Fot_w = Fp(bend) - Fpass_L Rbend: Resultant of force Fot & Fv Ale: Angle subtended by Rbend with Fv Ale = tan-1 (For_w / Fv)

kg

24202.982

Fot_w 0.07902 Ale

kg

10375.64

degrees

4.51

Rbend intersect base of the block at distance 'y' from center of block width y = (h-cover-d/2) tan (ale) cover=1.0m Resultant is within middle 1/3; hence B) Stability against overturning (along length) Fpass_b: Passive resist force Fpass_b = Ppass x b Fot_L: Overturning force Fot_L = Fp(wh) - Fpass_b Rwh: Resultant of force Fot & Fv : Angle subtended by Rwh with Fv = tan-1 (Fot_L / Fv) y b/6 m m 0.05 < 0.75 Safe 0.05

Fpass_b

kg

10370.509

Fot_L

kg

82361.22

0.62725 degrees

32.09

Rwh intersect base of the block at distance 'x' from center of block length x = (h-cover-d/2) tan () y L/6 Resultant is within middle 1/3; hence m m 0.38 < 1.00 Safe

C) Stability against sliding Resisting frictional force developed is given by Fr = c' x L x b + Fv x tan where c' = 0.67 co ... Factor of safety Ns = Fr /Fp (bend) should be greater than 1.5

c' Fr

kg / sqm kg

3269.60 164081.146

Ns

6.78 > 1.5 Hence safe

Also, Ns = Fr /Fp (wh) should be greater than 1.5

Ns

1.77 > 1.5 Hence safe

5) Check for bearing capacity Bearing capacity of the strata Load intensity of the block Fv/base area BC t / sqm t / sqm 25.00 4.86

Check for stresses developed at the base of the block Since the resultant is passing within the middle third .. . Y = e e Hence maximum and minimum upward pressure acting @ base of the sup Pmax = Fv / A x (1 + 6 x e / b) should be less than bearing capacity Pmax

0.05

t / sqm

4.57 < BC Hence safe 5.19 >0 Hence safe

Pmin = Fv / A x (1 - 6 x e / b) should be greater than zero

Pmin

t / sqm

Load intensity of the block < B C of the strata; therefore safe. 6) Steel Reinforcement Weight of steel reinforcement provided is 5 kg/sqm of surface area Surface area of block (including around the pipes) Sa sqm Weight of steel reinforcement Ws kg Thus provide steel both ways on all faces & around the pipe 10 # 250 c/c

193.58 968

Table 5.2 5.2.1 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCKS - 2000 mm ABOVE GR. WITH DIA. 2000 mm - RISING MAIN II 1) Design data: 1.1 Dimensions of Thrust Block: 1) Concrete cover on top 2) Length of block 3) Width of block 4) Height of block 5) GL above base of block 1.2 Pipe Parameters: 1) Angle of deviation 2) Diameter of pipe 3) Internal water pressure 4) Water Hammer pressure 5) Thickness of pipe 1.3 Soil Parameters: 1) Angle of internal friction of soil around block 2) Unit weight of soil around block 3) Angle of internal friction of strata below 4) Soil cohesion of strata 5) Bearing capacity of strata d Pi Ph t degrees m t / sqm t / sqm m 18.00 2.00 10.00 40.00 0.012 Symbol tcov L b h ht Units m m m m m 0.50 7.0 4.50 5.50 2.00

fy s co BC

degrees kg / cum degrees kg / sqm t / sqm

30.00 1600.00 30 4880 25

1.4 Concrete & Steel Parameters: 1) Grade of concrete 2) Density of concrete 3) Grade of steel 4) Unit weight of steel 2) Forces acting on the block: A) Weight of the block a) Weight of concrete Wc = (b x h - 0.785 x (d)2 x L x c M20 2500 Fe 415 7850

c st

kg / cum kg / sqm

Wc

kg

378140

b) Weight of empty steel pipe Wst = x d x t x L x st c) Weight of water in the pipe Ww = 0.785 x (d)2 x L x w

Wst

kg

4143.670

Ww

kg

21994.00 404277.67 404277.67

Total vertical load of the block B) Passive resistance by soil around the block Ppass = s x (ht) x (1 + sin fy) 2 x ( 1 - sin fy) C) Thrust of force in pipe due to valve closure Fp (wh) = (Pi + Ph) x A D) Considering 'At rest pressure'
2

Fv

kg

0.5 Ppass

kg / m

9600.000

Fp (wh)

kg

157100

Po: pressure due to soil at height ht Po = s x ht x (1 - sin ) Height of soil considered is 1 m above the base of the block Po @ ht = 0 m and Po @ ht = 2 m Fo : Force acting due to average soil pressure Fo = (Po (0m) + Po (1m) ) x ht 2 To: Radial thrust per unit length of block To = Fv x (b' - b/3) + Fo x h2 h1 where b' = b/2 Fv is in kg / m h2 = point @ which Fo acts = (ht)/3 (since triangular distribution) h1 = h/2 2.25 0.67 Po (0m) Po (0m) kg / m2 2 kg / m 0.00 1600

Fo

kg / m

1600.00

2.75 ... To kg / m 15806.49

3) To check the length For At rest condition Length = Fp(bend) / To Fp(bend) = T = thrust due to deflection in pipe ...

6.1622

But the length provided for passive pressure is more Hence the greater length is adopted for further calculations 4) Stability Checks: A) Stability against overturning (along width) Fpass_L: Passive resist force Fpass_L = Ppass x L

Fpass_L

kg

67200.00

Fp(bend): Horizontal thrust force in pipe due to bend Fp(bend) = 2 x (Pi + Ph) x A x sin (/2) Fp(bend) Fot_w: Overturning force Fot_w = Fp(bend) - Fpass_L Rbend: Resultant of force Fot & Fv Ale: Angle subtended by Rbend with Fv Ale = tan-1 (For_w / Fv)

kg

97402

Fot_w 0.07471 Ale

kg

30202.00

degrees

9.75

Rbend intersect base of the block at distance 'y' from center of block width y = (h-cover-d/2) tan (ale) cover=0.5m Resultant is within middle 1/3; hence B) Stability against overturning (along length) Fpass_b: Passive resist force Fpass_b = Ppass x b Fot_L: Overturning force Fot_L = Fp(wh) - Fpass_b Rwh: Resultant of force Fot & Fv : Angle subtended by Rwh with Fv = tan-1 (Fot_L / Fv) y b/6 m m 0.30 < 0.75 Safe

Fpass_b

kg

43200

Fot_L

kg

113900.00

0.28174 degrees

28.84

Rwh intersect base of the block at distance 'x' from center of block length x = (h-cover-d/2) tan () y L/6 Resultant is within middle 1/3; hence C) Stability against sliding Resisting frictional force developed is given by Fr = c' x L x b + Fv x tan where c' = 0.67 co . . Factor of safety Ns = Fr /Fp (bend) should be greater than 1.5
.

m m

1.13 < 1.17 Safe

c' Fr

kg / sqm kg

3269.60 216892.400

Ns

2.23 > 1.5 Hence safe

Also, Ns = Fr /Fp (wh) should be greater than 1.5

Ns

1.38 > 1.5 Hence safe

5) Check for bearing capacity Bearing capacity of the strata Load intensity of the block Fv/base area BC t / sqm t / sqm 25.00 12.83

Check for stresses developed at the base of the block Since the resultant is passing within the middle third .. . Y = e e Hence maximum and minimum upward pressure acting @ base of the sup Pmax = Fv / A x (1 + 6 x e / b) should be less than bearing capacity Pmax

0.30

t / sqm

9.18 < BC Hence safe 21.33 >0

Pmin = Fv / A x (1 - 6 x e / b) should be greater than zero

Pmin

t / sqm

Hence safe Load intensity of the block < B C of the strata; therefore safe. 6) Steel Reinforcement Weight of steel reinforcement provided is 5 kg/sqm of surface area Surface area of block (including around the pipes) Sa sqm Weight of steel reinforcement Ws kg Thus provide steel both ways on all faces & around the pipe 10 # 250 c/c

331.49 1657

mm IN II

0.30

Table 5.2 5.2.1 DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCKS - 2000 mm ABOVE GR. WITH DIA. 2000 mm - RISING MAIN II 1) Design data: 1.1 Dimensions of Thrust Block: 1) Concrete cover on top 2) Length of block 3) Width of block 4) Height of block 5) GL above base of block 1.2 Pipe Parameters: 1) Angle of deviation 2) Diameter of pipe 3) Internal water pressure 4) Water Hammer pressure 5) Thickness of pipe 1.3 Soil Parameters: 1) Angle of internal friction of soil around block 2) Unit weight of soil around block 3) Angle of internal friction of strata below 4) Soil cohesion of strata 5) Bearing capacity of strata d Pi Ph t degrees m t / sqm t / sqm m 45.00 2.10 10.00 40.00 0.012 Symbol tcov L b h ht Units m m m m m 0.40 5.0 3.00 3.50 4.30

fy s co BC

degrees kg / cum degrees kg / sqm t / sqm

30.00 1600.00 30 4880 25

1.4 Concrete & Steel Parameters: 1) Grade of concrete 2) Density of concrete 3) Grade of steel 4) Unit weight of steel 2) Forces acting on the block: A) Weight of the block a) Weight of concrete Wc = (b x h - 0.785 x (d)2 x L x c M20 2500 Fe 415 7850

c st

kg / cum kg / sqm

Wc

kg

87949.313

b) Weight of empty steel pipe Wst = x d x t x L x st c) Weight of water in the pipe Ww = 0.785 x (d)2 x L x w c) Weight of soil over pipe E w= LxdxEcxEdw Total vertical load of the block B) Passive resistance by soil around the block Ppass = s x (ht) x (1 + sin fy) 2 x ( 1 - sin fy) C) Thrust of force in pipe due to valve closure Fp (wh) = (Pi + Ph) x A D) Considering 'At rest pressure'
2

Wst

kg

3107.752

Ww

kg

17320.28

Fv

kg

20160.00 128537.34 128537.34

0.5 Ppass

kg / m

44376.000

Fp (wh)

kg

173202.75

Po: pressure due to soil at height ht Po = s x ht x (1 - sin ) Height of soil considered is 1 m above the base of the block Po @ ht = 0 m and Po @ ht = 2 m Fo : Force acting due to average soil pressure Fo = (Po (0m) + Po (1m) ) x ht 2 To: Radial thrust per unit length of block To = Fv x (b' - b/3) + Fo x h2 h1 where b' = b/2 Fv is in kg / m h2 = point @ which Fo acts = (ht)/3 (since triangular distribution) h1 = h/2 1.5 1.43 Po (0m) Po (0m) kg / m2 2 kg / m 0.00 3440

Fo

kg / m

7396.00

1.75 ... To kg / m 8556.53

3) To check the length For At rest condition Length = Fp(bend) / To Fp(bend) = T = thrust due to deflection in pipe ...

12.5502

But the length provided for passive pressure is more Hence the greater length is adopted for further calculations 4) Stability Checks: A) Stability against overturning (along width) Fpass_L: Passive resist force Fpass_L = Ppass x L

Fpass_L

kg

221880.00

Fp(bend): Horizontal thrust force in pipe due to bend Fp(bend) = 2 x (Pi + Ph) x A x sin (/2) Fp(bend) Fot_w: Overturning force Fot_w = Fp(bend) - Fpass_L Rbend: Resultant of force Fot & Fv Ale: Angle subtended by Rbend with Fv -1 Ale = tan (For_w / Fv)

kg

107385.71

Fot_w -0.89075 Ale

kg

-114494.30

degrees

9.75

Rbend intersect base of the block at distance 'y' from center of block width y = (h-cover-d/2) tan (ale) cover=0.5m Resultant is within middle 1/3; hence B) Stability against overturning (along length) Fpass_b: Passive resist force Fpass_b = Ppass x b Fot_L: Overturning force Fot_L = Fp(wh) - Fpass_b Rwh: Resultant of force Fot & Fv y b/6 m m -1.83 < 0.50 Safe

Fpass_b

kg

133128

Fot_L

kg

40074.75

 : Angle subtended by Rwh with Fv = tan-1 (Fot_L / Fv)

0.31178 degrees

28.84

Rwh intersect base of the block at distance 'x' from center of block length x = (h-cover-d/2) tan () y L/6 Resultant is within middle 1/3; hence C) Stability against sliding Resisting frictional force developed is given by Fr = c' x L x b + Fv x tan where c' = 0.67 co . . Factor of safety Ns = Fr /Fp (bend) should be greater than 1.5
.

m m

0.64 < 0.83 Safe

c' Fr

kg / sqm kg

3269.60 89118.750

Ns

0.83 > 1.5 Hence safe

Also, Ns = Fr /Fp (wh) should be greater than 1.5

Ns

0.51 > 1.5 Hence safe

5) Check for bearing capacity Bearing capacity of the strata Load intensity of the block Fv/base area BC t / sqm t / sqm 25.00 8.57

Check for stresses developed at the base of the block Since the resultant is passing within the middle third . . .Y=e e Hence maximum and minimum upward pressure acting @ base of the sup Pmax = Fv / A x (1 + 6 x e / b) should be less than bearing capacity Pmax

-1.83

t / sqm

-3.23 < BC Hence safe

Pmin = Fv / A x (1 - 6 x e / b) should be greater than zero

Pmin

t / sqm

1.84 >0 Hence safe

Load intensity of the block < B C of the strata; therefore safe. 6) Steel Reinforcement Weight of steel reinforcement provided is 5 kg/sqm of surface area Surface area of block (including around the pipes) Sa sqm Weight of steel reinforcement Ws kg Thus provide steel both ways on all faces & around the pipe 10 # 250 c/c

212.19 1061

mm IN II

-1.83