SPE-DiSPR 25.07.

2003

Type-ZCo-ordination
It is well known that inductionmotor is most widely useddrive in the industry.The term drive stands for a motor and its control apparatusi.e. starter. The power is fed to the motor through starter. The stafler consists of a Shon Circuit Protective Device SCPD (Fuseor MCCB), Switching Device (Contactor)and Overload relay. Co-ordination is the discnmination between the SCPD, Contactor and Overload relay under vanous conditions during the operation of a motor (e.g. starting, full load operation, overload, Short circuit)

Ttpes of co-ordination
The flow of current in the starter during the breaking time may cause damage to the starteritself. According to the amount of damageacceptableISl3947/Part4/Secl defines two tvDesof co-ordinationsfor startersas. Type-1 Co-ordination Dunng type-l co-ordination test: o Damageto Contactor and O/L Relay is acceptable. It means that starter may need maintenanceof contactor or overload relay or their replacement as a whole. r The Startermay be inoperativeafter eachoperation. This meansthat even if starterbecomesinoperative i.e. needsmaintenanceafter each operationduring type-l test, it can passthe test. o No dischargeof parts beyond the enclosureis allowed. upto the extend that it may not burst The dischargeof material or parts is acceptable out of the starterenclosurewhich may result into a causality or an accident. . In case Contactor and/or O/L Relay and releaseof CB shall be reset if necessary. of fuse protection all fuse links shall be replaced.

Type-2 Co-ordination During tlpe-2 co-ordination test: o No damageto O/L Relay and other parts of starteris acceptable. (e.g. by a Welding of contactor contactsis permitted if they are easily separated screwdriver)w/o significant deformation. lt meansthat if due to the excessiveheat produced in caseof an overcurrentor short them by circuit the contactsof the contactor get welded and it is possibleto separate does not lost their putting a screw driver between them and it is seen that contacts The startercan pass the shaper.e. there is no significantdcformationof contacts. tvDe-2tst. r

. No replacement of pal1sis permitted dunng test except replacementof fuse links. Any condition should not anse that may result into replacementof any part of the starler like O/L relay or contactor.Only replacementof fuse links is allowed in case they get melt down due to short circuit.

Criteria for type-2 Co-ordination.

o Fuse should not blow dunng stafting of motor. Generally the startingcurrent of the motor is severaltimes the full load current of the motor (depending upon the tlpe of staner e.g. 6-8 times for DOL, 2.5-3 times for Star-Delta, 2.5-4 times for auto-transformer Starter,2.6 times for rotor resistance starter).The fuse characteristicshould be selectedsuch that fuse should not blow at the time of startingotherwiseit will not be possibleto start the motor.

must be before the breaking capacity oI Cross-overof relay and fuse characteristics contacIor.

Iype-2

Co-o.di.otio.

Cu rve

FLrse

C h d r o c t e r i s 1 : i cs

OLR

Chorocte.isri.s

C a.ra.l.r r! ,--,/

B. e ol,.i. E

!opacrry

O/L relay should withstandthe cuffent till the fuse clearsthe fault.

type-ZCo-ordination. How to achieve

r Selection of Fuse. 't') characteristicof motor for starting period For selection of fuse time- current ('I' vs. and fuse characteristicshould be plotted on samecurve. To avoid blowing of fuse at the of fuse should lie abovethe motor curve. time of startins the characteristic

There should be appropnate time margin to ensure that fuse does not operate unduly during staning. For this the pre-arcing time (melting time) of the fuse should be highet time of the motol. thanstarting The pre-arcingtime current of a fuse is the time betweencommencementof fault current large enoughto causethe fuse elementsto melt and instant when arc is initiated. o Cross-overof fuse and O/L relay characteristic Crossoverof fuse and O/L relay characteristicshould take place before breaking capacity would of contactoris reached.To ensurethis we must select a fuse whose characteristics cross relay characteristicin the zone of more than 6 times, the rated current of the motor but lessthan the rated breakingcapacity of contactor.

OverloadRelay Trip Class

Table II(Page29) the Trip Classof an OIL Accordingto IS13947(Part4/Secl):1993, the value of the maximum tripping time(in seconds)under the Relay designates D. 40),Column 7.2.1.5.l,Table III(Page specified in sub-clause conditions TABLE II relays or solid stateoverload mdgnetic Trip Classes of thermal,time-tlelay time (Tp) in rxlconds lhe cq,lditions specified in Sub-

'?<Tpcl0 44Tpcl0 6<lp<20 9{Tp<30

TABLE III on all poles relaywhenenergiTed overload operation of time-delay Limitsof Referenceambient air temperature

+40Degree Centigrade +20Degree Centigrade

As per Clause7,2.1.5.1(IS13947'Part4/Sec1) as follows: of tableIII when tested The o/L relayshallcomply wirh the requirements a) with the b/L relay or starter in its enclosure,if normally fitted, and at A times the cumentserting,tnpping shall not occur in less than 2h starting from the cold state,at the value of reference ambient air temperaturestatedin table IIL However, when the O/L relay terminals have reachedthermal equilibrium at test current in less than 2h, the test duration can be the time neededto reach such equilibrium' b) when the cunent is subsequentlyraised to B times the current setting, tripping shall occur in lessthan 2h. c) For class 10A O/L relays energized at c times the curent setting, tripping shall occur in less than 2 min staning from thermal equ'ilibrium at the cufrent setting, in with IEC Publication 34-1 Sub-clausel8'2' accordance d) For class 10,20 and 30 o/L relays enetgizedat c times the current setting, tripping shall occur in less than 4,8 or 12 min respectively,starting from thermal equilibrium at the current setting. e) At D times the curent setting, tripping shall occur within the limits given in table II for the appropriatetrip class startingfrom the cold state'

ANNEXURE.I The need for co-ordination of Shorl Circuit Protective device (SCPD) and Overload protective device is very important because,without which motor and its feeder cables will get damaged. When a short circuit occurs, the SCPD takes a finite time to intenupt the fault. During this time, the current rises rapidly and a huge amount of energy is let through the circuit, If the let through energy is high, it can causedamageto the downsffeamdevicese.g. changein O/L relay characteristics. Fuseswere traditionally used as SCPDsbecauseof low initial costs and becausethey are capableof interrupting faults faster. Fuseshave excellent current limiting characteristics and can be applied safely on systems having high fault levels. However the cost of replacing fuses and downtime is very high and hence use of MCCB, as SCPD is becoming more prominent. The use of MCCB will not exposethe motors and associated cablesconnectedto the systemto heavy flow of currentsand heaVydtssipationof energy for every fault on the system. of MCCR is the initial cost when compared to the One constraint against acceptance switch fuse units. For detailed comparison on cost basis, one must consider also the cost. listed below & the associated advantages 1. The size and weight of MCCB is much lesser. free. 2. MCCBs arepractically mainienance 3. The down time of the systeniis much smaller. 4. No fuse inventoryis required. singlephasing. 5. MCCB doesnot createintentional gives positive trip ildication. 6. MCCB 7. MCCB can be set for a typical current. 8. MCCB can give indication status either locally or remotely and can accept accessories like auxiliary contacts,shunt trip, etc. over fuses,if one consider To sum up, MCCBs do have a number of practical advantages theseto be worth the extra cost. Let through energy (I2t)r When a shorl circuit occurs,the S.C.P.D.takes a finite time to interrupt the fault. During this time, the current rises rapidly and a huge amount of energy is let through the circuit. If the let through energy is high, it can causedamageto the O/L telay, thus changing its cs. characteristi The Operating time of a MCCB is greater than that of a fuse becausethe operaling mechanismof MCCB takes some time to open the contacts of MCCB but fuse melts immediately.So, the let through energyin caseof MCCB is higher than fuse. The time-cuffent curves for variousfuses and MCCB's are studiedand it is found that the Operating time for DM range of L&T MCCB's is around 6ms. The operating time i.e. pre-arcingtime of fuses is as follows.

2-63Afuses

of 1kA. for a faultcurrent 0.01-10000 seconds

for a fault cunent of25 kA. 0.04-10000seconds 63-630Afuses So for low value of faults MCCB is faster than t'use. As fuse is having inverse time so for high value of fault and MCCB is having definite time characteristics charactenstics currents fuse will be faster becausethe operating mechanism of MCCB delays the interruption of current.

Becauseof this the downstfeam devices are subjectedto a greateramount of let through energyin case of MCCB's. So the contactorrating in caseof MCCB fbr a parttcular rating of motor is higher than the fuse. A Study is done for L&T's MNX contactors used to achieve type-2 co-ordination for DOL Starterswith Fuse-switch and MCCB for various ratings of motors and the data is compiled in tabular folm.

Motor Rating

(kw)
). I

MNX Contactorfor DOLwith F-Sw

4.5-5.5 7.5 9.3-11

l3-15 t8.6-22.5
26-33.5

MNXI8 MNXI8 MNXI8 MNX25 MNX32 MNX45 MNXTO

MNXSO MNXg5

for MNX Contactor with MCCB DOL MNXI8 MNX32 MNX8O

MNXSO

37
45
ll

6'7 .5-7 5
80-90 110

130-147 150-180
200

MNXIIO MNX140 MNX185 MNX225 MNX265 MNX325 MNX400

MNXSO MNX8O MNX8O MNXSO MNX95 MNX1IO MNXl4O MNX225 MNX265 MNX265 MNX325 MNX4OO

-Sangh Priya Rahul SPE-Design