Discuss the procedure to restored capillary techniques ?

Firstly, restored capillary techniques is to determine the magnitude of the connate water saturation. Then, the procedure consists

1. Of saturating a core 100% with the reservoir water and then placing the core on a porous membrane which issaturated 100% with water and is permeable to the water only, under the pressure drops imposed during the experiment. 2. Air is then admitted into the core chamber and the pressure is increased until a small amount of water is displaced through the porous, semi-permeable membrane into the graduated cylinder. 3. Pressure is held constant until no more water is displaced, which may require several days or even several weeks after which the core removed from the apparatusan water saturation is determined by weighing 4. Then the core replaced in the apparatus, the pressure is increased. 5. The procedure is repeated until the water saturationis reduced to a minimum.

MOHD KHAIRUL ANUAR BIN SUUDI 2011260258 EH 223 3B MR ERFAN

1. What is Repeat Formation Test 2. What is it good for? 3. How does it work?

1.

The Repeat Formation Tester which can make any number of accurate pressure tests in one run in open hole, has applications in the determination of reservoir pressure, fluid density, fluid contacts, differential depletion, reservoir inter-communication and effective permeabilities of invaded and uninvaded zones. The effect of filtrate invasion called "supercharging" may sometimes affect the pressure measurements.

2.

The Repeat Formation Tester uses an electrically driven hydraulic pump to provide pressure to operate its various systems. This hydraulic circuit is controlled from surface to provide repeated set-retract capability. The application of the Repeat Formation Tester (RFT) in reservoir engineering can be divided into two quite distinct categories, i.e. static, virgin reservoirs and dynamic, producing reservoirs. In the case of RFT surveys in exploration or appraisal wells in unproduced fields it is known in advance that formation pressures must conform to gravity-capillary equilibrium established over geologic time. The conduct of the survey and the interpretation of the data is governed by the constraint that true formation pressures lie on straight line fluid gradients and the main objective of the testing is to delineate these gradients (water, oil and gas where present) and their intersections.

3.

Two sample chambers are available in the tool to take samples from two different zones, or to take a segregated sample from one zone. A strain gauge pressure transducer is located in the flowline to monitor pressure continuously during test. Two pretest chambers of 10 cc each are automatically opened after the tool is set to withdraw 20 cc of fluid at two different rates. The pretest samples are not saved. Pressure drawdowns during this period and the following build-up curve are recorded at the surface and provide data for formation pressure and permeability calculations. pressure and permeability calculations. The RFT tool overcomes several drawbacks of other wireline testing systems. When the tool is set, a packer moves out on one side, and back up pistons packer moves out on one side, and back up pistons move out on the opposite side. Thus the body of the tool is held away from the borehole wall to reduce the chances of differential sticking. A filter in the flowline probe prevents sand entry into the tool and a piston cleans the filter when the tool is retracted. piston cleans the filter when the tool is retracted. Thus flowline plugging is substantially reduced. Because the RFT tool does not depend on mud pressure for its operation it can be set even at very pressure for its operation it can be set even at very shallow depths and still have enough setting force to provide a seal at the packer. provide a seal at the packer. Fig. 2 shows a typical pretest pressure record. The pressure initially is that of the mud column. As the pressure initially is that of the mud column. As the tool is set, the packer compresses the mud cake causing a pressure rise.